Sembra che in un angolino vicino al centro della nostra galassia potrebbe esserci un resto di supernova mai visto prima che, se confermato, sarebbe uno dei più vicini al buco nero supermassiccio al centro della Via Lattea, una regione estremamente affollata di stelle, lunghi filamenti radio e dense nubi di gas che orbitano rapidamente intorno al centro galattico.

Le prove dell’esistenza di questo resto di supernova, a circa 26mila anni luce dalla Terra, provengono dai dati X di Chandra e di Xmm-Newton dell’Esa, che rivelano una “chiazza” di emissione X che potrebbe essere riconducibile ai resti di una stella massiccia esplosa come supernova, sepolta all’interno di una più grande nube di gas in espansione.

La nuova immagine composita include raggi X da Chandra e Xmm-Newton (in blu) e dati radio dal telescopio MeerKat (in rosso) in Sudafrica, combinati con un’immagine ottica dai telescopi Pan-Starrs alle Hawaii (rosso, verde e blu). Il piano della galassia scorre orizzontalmente da sinistra a destra, e il buco nero centrale si trova a sinistra dell’immagine. Il candidato resto di supernova si trova in una bolla di gas in cui gli elettroni sono stati strappati dall’idrogeno – una cosiddetta regione H II – che circonda una stella giovane e massiccia. Questa bolla è una brillante sorgente radio, chiamata Sagittarius C (Sgr C). Se si trattasse davvero di un resto di supernova, si espanderebbe a circa 3 milioni di chilometri all’ora e avrebbe almeno 1.700 anni.

In precedenza, osservazioni con Sofia della Nasa, ora dismessa, avevano mostrato evidenze di un guscio di gas in espansione attorno a Sgr C, suggerendo che nello stesso punto fosse avvenuta un’esplosione stellare. I lunghi filamenti visibili nell’immagine radio sono causati da particelle energetiche che viaggiano lungo campi magnetici orientati prevalentemente perpendicolarmente al piano della galassia.

I nuclei delle stelle, dove avvengono le fusioni nucleari, creano elementi più pesanti, a partire dall’idrogeno e dall’elio che erano abbondanti agli albori dell’universo. Quando, al termine della loro vita, le stelle massicce esplodono come supernove , diffondono nello spazio interstellare gli elementi sintetizzati, fornendo il materiale per la generazione successiva di stelle e pianeti.

Il gruppo di astronomi – di cui fa parte anche Gabriele Ponti dell’Inaf di Brera – ha cercato nei dati X segnali di un aumento di specifici elementi chiave nel resto, che potrebbero essere stati prodotti dall’esplosione stellare. Non averli rilevati potrebbe indicare che i detriti stellari si sono già mescolati al gas circostante. Oppure, un’ipotesi alternativa potrebbe essere che la “chiazza” di raggi X provenga da un insieme di stelle massicce nella regione. Gli autori dello studio, però, non sono propensi a favorire questa interpretazione, poiché l’emissione X è oltre dieci volte più luminosa di quella di grandi ammassi stellari noti, inclusi quelli con stelle brillanti e massive.

Un’ulteriore immagine pubblicata la scorsa settimana dalla Nasa mostra i dati del Telescopio Spaziale James Webb aggiunti ai dati X e radio. Il colore azzurro rappresenta la luce infrarossa proveniente dal gas nella regione H II, mentre il blu più scuro indica i raggi X del candidato resto di supernova, visibile nella parte destra dell’immagine. I raggi X vicino al centro dell’immagine sono invece associati alla regione H II, probabilmente causati da materiale soffiato via da stelle massicce che ha riscaldato il gas a milioni di gradi, producendo emissione X.

«Quando si pensa al centro della Via Lattea, l’attenzione si concentra spesso sul buco nero supermassiccio Sagittarius A*», conclude Ponti. «Questo risultato ci ricorda però che anche le stelle massicce, attraverso le loro esplosioni finali, possono avere un impatto profondo sull’ambiente circostante, contribuendo a modellare il gas e, potenzialmente, ad alimentare i flussi di materia ed energia che emergono dal centro galattico».

Per saperne di più:

• Leggi su The Astrophysical Journal l’articolo “Diffuse X-Ray Emission in the Sagittarius C Complex” di Zhenlin Zhu, Mark R. Morris, Gabriele Ponti e Ping Zhou

 

Immaginate di concentrare una quantità immensa di energia in un singolo punto. I destini possibili sembrano essere solo due: o l’energia si disperde nuovamente nello spazio vuoto, oppure la gravità ha la meglio, facendola collassare in un buco nero. Ma cosa succede esattamente sulla linea di confine tra questi due scenari? A dare una risposta matematica a questo interrogativo è ora uno studio puramente teorico, condotto da ricercatori delle università di Vienna e Francoforte, pubblicato su Physical Review Letters il mese scorso.

Fino a oggi, il comportamento della materia su questo confine precario era un mistero quasi impenetrabile. Negli anni ’90, il fisico Matthew Choptuik scoprì che su questa soglia critica è come se lo spaziotempo impazzisse, creando uno stato intermedio altamente instabile. «A volte basta una causa minuscola, apparentemente insignificante, per innescare un cambiamento enorme e drammatico. Prendiamo ad esempio l’acqua liquida a zero gradi Celsius», dice Daniel Grumiller, tra gli autori del nuovo studio. «È sufficiente un cambiamento minimo perché l’acqua si congeli. A quel punto, le molecole d’acqua si dispongono spontaneamente in una struttura regolare e formano un cristallo di ghiaccio».

Il problema è che le equazioni di Einstein in quattro dimensioni sono così complesse che questo “collasso critico” poteva essere studiato solo tramite pesanti simulazioni al computer. Per aggirare l’ostacolo e trovare finalmente una soluzione analitica esatta, con carta e penna, gli autori della nuova ricerca hanno utilizzato una scorciatoia matematica tanto elegante quanto insolita: hanno imposto la condizione di energia alla soglia critica utilizzando un campo scalare privo di massa, calato in uno spaziotempo a infinite dimensioni. La necessità di usare un campo non massivo deriva dal fatto che solo così si evita di introdurre una lunghezza fissa (lunghezza d’onda Compton), preservando l’esattezza matematica della soluzione. Ma perché aggiungere dimensioni?

«Il nostro universo ha quattro dimensioni: tre spaziali e una temporale», spiega Christian Ecker, primo autore dello studio. «Ma in linea di principio, nulla ci impedisce di scrivere equazioni fisiche per un numero maggiore di dimensioni: cinque, quarantadue o persino un numero infinito». L’aver portato le dimensioni a infinito è servito per “arginare” matematicamente le onde gravitazionali. In uno spaziotempo a quattro dimensioni, infatti, le continue oscillazioni del campo tra implosione ed esplosione genererebbero turbolenze che modificherebbero il campo stesso, rendendo il calcolo impossibile.

Il risultato di questo stato critico isolato è una soluzione analitica chiamata autosimilarità discreta: un frattale concentrico che mantiene lo stesso pattern via via che si fa zoom verso il centro del collasso. Questo schema geometrico che si ripete su scale di grandezza sempre più piccole è il motivo per cui ci si riferisce a esso come a un cristallo spaziotemporale.

 

«Questo cristallo è un oggetto davvero singolare e affascinante», riprende Grumiller. «Si tratta di una sorta di stato intermedio, un punto instabile che può evolversi in due direzioni diverse. Potrebbe dissolversi di nuovo, lasciando uno spaziotempo ordinario. Ma se viene aggiunta una minuscola quantità di energia, l’evoluzione prende una piega completamente diversa: l’insignificante cristallo spaziotemporale si trasforma in un buco nero».

Siccome il pattern si ripete a scale via via più microscopiche prima che l’equilibrio si rompa, queste soluzioni dimostrano la possibilità teorica di generare buchi neri di dimensioni infinitesime.

Ovviamente le ipotesi di partenza sono delle astrazioni matematiche, ma il risultato fornisce uno strumento formidabile per sondare i limiti della relatività generale e capire come la gravità si comporti in condizioni estreme. Inoltre, questa dinamica teorica potrebbe offrire nuovi indizi sulla formazione dei buchi neri primordiali, nati dal caos dell’universo neonato.

«La nostra tecnica si è rivelata straordinariamente stabile. A seconda della precisione desiderata, possiamo migliorare sistematicamente le nostre formule ricorrendo a ulteriori metodi di approssimazione», conclude Florian Ecker. «Questo ci offre un nuovo metodo per studiare fenomeni legati ai buchi neri che in precedenza non potevano essere analizzati analiticamente».

Per saperne di più:

• Leggi su Physical Review Letter l’articolo “Analytic Discrete Self-Similar Solutions of Einstein-Klein-Gordon at Large D ” Christian Ecker, Florian Ecker e Daniel Grumiller

 

NASA and its international partners are set to receive scientific research samples and hardware as a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft is scheduled to depart the International Space Station on Tuesday, June 16, for its return to Earth.

Watch NASA’s live undocking coverage beginning at 11:45 a.m. EDT on NASA+, Amazon Prime, and the agency’s YouTube channel. Learn how to watch NASA content through a variety of online platforms, including social media.

The Dragon spacecraft will undock from the forward port of the station’s Harmony module at about 12:05 p.m., after receiving a command from SpaceX ground controllers. The spacecraft then will fire its thrusters to move safely away from the orbiting complex.

Following a June 16 departure, the spacecraft will reenter Earth’s atmosphere on Wednesday, June 17, before splashing down off the coast of California at approximately 5:08 a.m. PDT. NASA will not stream the splashdown but will post updates on its space station blog.

Dragon will return to Earth with thousands of pounds of cargo, carrying samples that could shape future space exploration and life on Earth. Research returning includes bioprinted organ and cartilage tissue, data on improving cryogenic fuel storage for future space missions, and DNA‑inspired materials to develop new cancer treatments. The returning hardware includes an ocular imaging device used to monitor crew members’ eye health, an absorbent bed that filters trace contaminants from cabin air, and a separator pump from the waste and hygiene compartment.

Loaded with nearly 6,500 pounds of crew cargo and science experiments, Dragon arrived at the station on May 17 after launching two days earlier on a Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.

For more than 25 years, people have lived and worked continuously aboard the International Space Station, advancing scientific knowledge and making research breakthroughs not possible on Earth. The space station helps NASA understand and overcome the challenges of human spaceflight, expand commercial opportunities in low Earth orbit, and build on the foundation for long-duration missions to the Moon, as part of the Artemis program, and to Mars.

Get breaking news, images, and features from the space station on Instagram, Facebook, and X.

Learn more about International Space Station research and operations at:

https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station

-end-

Jimi Russell
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1100
james.j.russell@nasa.gov

Leah Cheshier
Johnson Space Center, Houston
281-483-5111
leah.d.cheshier@nasa.gov

NASA and its international partners are set to receive scientific research samples and hardware as a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft is scheduled to depart the International Space Station on Tuesday, June 16, for its return to Earth.

Watch NASA’s live undocking coverage beginning at 11:45 a.m. EDT on NASA+, Amazon Prime, and the agency’s YouTube channel. Learn how to watch NASA content through a variety of online platforms, including social media.

The Dragon spacecraft will undock from the forward port of the station’s Harmony module at about 12:05 p.m., after receiving a command from SpaceX ground controllers. The spacecraft then will fire its thrusters to move safely away from the orbiting complex.

Following a June 16 departure, the spacecraft will reenter Earth’s atmosphere on Wednesday, June 17, before splashing down off the coast of California at approximately 5:08 a.m. PDT. NASA will not stream the splashdown but will post updates on its space station blog.

Dragon will return to Earth with thousands of pounds of cargo, carrying samples that could shape future space exploration and life on Earth. Research returning includes bioprinted organ and cartilage tissue, data on improving cryogenic fuel storage for future space missions, and DNA‑inspired materials to develop new cancer treatments. The returning hardware includes an ocular imaging device used to monitor crew members’ eye health, an absorbent bed that filters trace contaminants from cabin air, and a separator pump from the waste and hygiene compartment.

Loaded with nearly 6,500 pounds of crew cargo and science experiments, Dragon arrived at the station on May 17 after launching two days earlier on a Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.

For more than 25 years, people have lived and worked continuously aboard the International Space Station, advancing scientific knowledge and making research breakthroughs not possible on Earth. The space station helps NASA understand and overcome the challenges of human spaceflight, expand commercial opportunities in low Earth orbit, and build on the foundation for long-duration missions to the Moon, as part of the Artemis program, and to Mars.

Get breaking news, images, and features from the space station on Instagram, Facebook, and X.

Learn more about International Space Station research and operations at:

https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station

-end-

Jimi Russell
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1100
james.j.russell@nasa.gov

Leah Cheshier
Johnson Space Center, Houston
281-483-5111
leah.d.cheshier@nasa.gov

NASA and its international partners are set to receive scientific research samples and hardware as a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft is scheduled to depart the International Space Station on Tuesday, June 16, for its return to Earth.

Watch NASA’s live undocking coverage beginning at 11:45 a.m. EDT on NASA+, Amazon Prime, and the agency’s YouTube channel. Learn how to watch NASA content through a variety of online platforms, including social media.

The Dragon spacecraft will undock from the forward port of the station’s Harmony module at about 12:05 p.m., after receiving a command from SpaceX ground controllers. The spacecraft then will fire its thrusters to move safely away from the orbiting complex.

Following a June 16 departure, the spacecraft will reenter Earth’s atmosphere on Wednesday, June 17, before splashing down off the coast of California at approximately 5:08 a.m. PDT. NASA will not stream the splashdown but will post updates on its space station blog.

Dragon will return to Earth with thousands of pounds of cargo, carrying samples that could shape future space exploration and life on Earth. Research returning includes bioprinted organ and cartilage tissue, data on improving cryogenic fuel storage for future space missions, and DNA‑inspired materials to develop new cancer treatments. The returning hardware includes an ocular imaging device used to monitor crew members’ eye health, an absorbent bed that filters trace contaminants from cabin air, and a separator pump from the waste and hygiene compartment.

Loaded with nearly 6,500 pounds of crew cargo and science experiments, Dragon arrived at the station on May 17 after launching two days earlier on a Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.

For more than 25 years, people have lived and worked continuously aboard the International Space Station, advancing scientific knowledge and making research breakthroughs not possible on Earth. The space station helps NASA understand and overcome the challenges of human spaceflight, expand commercial opportunities in low Earth orbit, and build on the foundation for long-duration missions to the Moon, as part of the Artemis program, and to Mars.

Get breaking news, images, and features from the space station on Instagram, Facebook, and X.

Learn more about International Space Station research and operations at:

https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station

-end-

Jimi Russell
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1100
james.j.russell@nasa.gov

Leah Cheshier
Johnson Space Center, Houston
281-483-5111
leah.d.cheshier@nasa.gov

È online – e in arrivo a tutti gli abbonati, che potranno portarselo sotto l’ombrellone – il numero di giugno di Universi, l’house organ dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (Inaf). In copertina, la Terra sorge dietro la Luna, ripresa dalla missione Artemis II: un’immagine che richiama la celebre fotografia Earthrise, scattata cinquantotto anni fa dagli astronauti dell’Apollo 8. Ad aprire il numero, come sempre, è l’editoriale del Presidente di Inaf, che questa volta pone l’accento sull’importanza dell’ingegno e sulla buona pratica di trasformare i limiti incontrati lungo il cammino in opportunità.

Tra gli approfondimenti, Emanuele De Rubeis e Marco Bondi raccontano come, grazie alla combinazione di alta risoluzione e di copertura alle basse frequenze offerta da Lofar-Vlbi, un gruppo di ricerca Inaf ha scoperto un’intricata rete di filamenti radio nell’ammasso di galassie Abell 2255, estesa per centinaia di migliaia di anni luce e mai osservata prima. Per il settore stelle e mezzo interstellare, protagonista è Sn 2024bch, la supernova scoperta il 29 gennaio 2024 nella galassia Ngc 3206 che ha messo alla prova i modelli classici dell’evoluzione stellare: Leonardo Tartaglia e Giorgio Valerin raccontano come il loro gruppo di ricerca ha dimostrato che le sue righe spettrali ad alta ionizzazione, inizialmente scambiate per il segnale di un’interazione violenta con il mezzo circumstellare, erano invece il prodotto di un fenomeno di fluorescenza radiativa – un comportamento così anomalo da ricordarci l’importanza di un’analisi fisica profonda e che non tutto ciò che brilla intensamente è una sorgente multimessaggera. Sul fronte marziano, Teresa Fornaro racconta come lo strumento Sherloc a bordo del rover Perseverance ha rilevato tracce di idrocarburi policiclici aromatici preservati all’interno di sali nel cratere Jezero e spiega come uno studio condotto presso il laboratorio di astrobiologia dell’Inaf di Arcetri suggerisce che questi sali marziani possano aver agito da archivi geochimici per miliardi di anni, con la questione sull’origine – abiotica o biotica – ancora aperta. Risolto invece, dopo mezzo secolo di incertezze, il mistero del litio nella Via Lattea: ne parlano Luca Izzo e Paolo Molaro, autori di uno studio Inaf che indica le nove classiche come la principale “fabbrica” di questo elemento. Chiudono gli approfondimenti Alberto Pellizzoni e Simona Righini con i “guardiani del Sole” – SunDish e Solaris – con cui l’Inaf monitora la nostra stella dai radiotelescopi di Medicina e in Sardegna fino alle basi antartiche, per costruire un sistema di allerta dei fenomeni di meteorologia spaziale.

Le rubriche di questo numero spaziano dalla tecnologia alla cultura. La rubrica Tech racconta come al Sardinia Radio Telescope si stia sperimentando la “super-risoluzione”, una tecnica che permette di ottenere immagini più dettagliate senza aumentare le dimensioni degli specchi, manipolando la forma del fronte d’onda. Metaverso presenta Space Walk, la WebAR che trasforma qualsiasi città in un Sistema solare in scala da percorrere a piedi, con i pianeti che compaiono in realtà aumentata tra piazze e portici. La rubrica Art porta al radiotelescopio di Medicina il duo artistico bolognese Antonello Ghezzi, che ha portato le meteore di Medicina dal Libano al Cile, dall’Argentina alla Palestina, con l’invito a esprimere un desiderio. Musei celebra il recente riallestimento del Museo della Specola di Bologna, riaperto a gennaio con un percorso che intreccia la storia di Guido Horn d’Arturo – inventore degli specchi a tasselli, anticipatore di Webb e del Ctao – con gli strumenti originali del Seicento e Settecento.

Completano il numero le rubriche Flash, Green, Astrobiologia, Scuola, Libri, Pop e Altriversi, e una ricca infografica sugli esopianeti scoperti in Italia. Oltre alle interviste a Roberto Maiolino sulle meraviglie del telescopio Webb e a Mariafelicia De Laurentis sull’ombra dei buchi neri, e alla “visione” di Davide Coero Borga che, insieme al fotografo Riccardo Bonuccelli, è arrivato in Sardegna, per farvi conoscere i luoghi da cui si osserva e si studia l’universo.

Insomma, è tutto pronto per una borsa da spiaggia spaziale.

Ricordo infine che dal sito della rivista è possibile abbonarsi alla versione cartacea, almeno fino a esaurimento delle nostre scorte. Per chi invece preferisce il digitale, sul sito è presente la versione sfogliabile e nell’archivio sono disponibili i pdf di tutti i numeri. Infine, potete iscrivervi alla Newsletter di Universi da questo link.

Wasp-121b è un esopianeta gioviano ultra-caldo situato a 858 anni luce dalla Terra nella costellazione della Poppa. Un team di astronomi guidati da Cyril Gapp, studente di dottorato al Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (Mpia) di Heidelberg, in Germania, ha rilevato un’asimmetria nell’assorbimento della luce infrarossa proveniente dalla sua stella madre Wasp-121, filtrata parzialmente attraverso l’atmosfera del pianeta durante il transito. Questo fenomeno è stato interpretato dai ricercatori come il risultato di temperature e composizioni chimiche non uniformi nell’atmosfera di Wasp-121b. Lo studio, pubblicato questa settimana su Nature Astronomy, è stato realizzato analizzando i dati ottenuti dallo strumento NirSpec di Jwst, spettrografo nel vicino infrarosso.

«Grazie alla sua qualità osservativa senza precedenti, Jwst ci offre le immagini più dettagliate mai ottenute finora dei pianeti lontani: misurando come cambia l’assorbimento della luce stellare mentre Wasp-121b ruota, analizziamo la sua atmosfera longitudine per longitudine», spiega Gapp. Oltre a una leggera riduzione generale della luminosità verso la fine del transito, è stato osservato anche un aumento del segnale del monossido di carbonio che sembra essere un effetto termico, non correlato a un aumento delle molecole di monossido di carbonio. Il risultato più interessante è che, al contrario, la quantità di acqua nell’atmosfera sembra diminuire, segnale interpretato dagli astronomi come una reale diminuzione delle molecole d’acqua. Le temperature nell’alta atmosfera di Wasp-121b sono sufficientemente elevate da scindere le molecole d’acqua nei loro costituenti: questo risultato conferma l’esistenza di venti caldi che riscaldano la regione “serale”. Questa zona, infatti, assorbe più luce infrarossa rispetto al lato “mattutino”, in accordo con la visione comunemente accettata secondo cui venti potenti trasportano calore intenso dal giorno alla notte. I venti caldi seguono la rotazione del pianeta verso est, riscaldando la zona serale; con l’aumento delle temperature, questa regione si espande, aumentando la sezione trasversale del pianeta e permettendogli di assorbire più efficacemente la radiazione stellare.

«Wasp-121b è particolarmente estremo: le temperature medie nell’emisfero diurno si aggirano intorno ai 2770 kelvin, mentre quelle nell’emisfero notturno si avvicinano ai 1000 kelvin», spiega il coautore Tom Evans-Soma dell’Università di Newcastle, in Australia.  L’esopianeta è infatti in rotazione sincrona con Wasp-121: il suo periodo di rotazione è uguale al periodo di rivoluzione intorno alla stella. La conseguenza di questo fenomeno è che Wasp-121b ha un emisfero caldo costantemente rivolto verso la stella e un emisfero opposto più oscuro e freddo. Durante il passaggio davanti alla stella, il pianeta ruota leggermente, raggiungendo circa 30 gradi di rotazione durante un transito completo. Questo ha permesso agli astronomi di osservare le due differenti zone dell’atmosfera: quella che guida l’orbita (leading), corrispondente al lato del mattino, e quella che segue (trailing), corrispondente al lato della sera.

Per verificare le temperature misurate, che potrebbero causare un’espansione locale, gli astronomi hanno simulato la distribuzione di calore negli strati superiori di un pianeta gassoso in base alle proprietà del pianeta e alle posizioni del pianeta e della sua stella ospite. Sebbene questi modelli atmosferici abbiano confermato l’asimmetria causata dalle variazioni spaziali di temperatura, i dati osservati hanno rivelato un’ampiezza del segnale maggiore rispetto a quanto previsto dai modelli, e per questo gli astronomi hanno ipotizzato che nella zona d’alba possano esserci meccanismi di raffreddamento che i modelli non considerano. Alcuni studi precedenti avevano suggerito la possibile presenza di nuvole, composte non da gocce d’acqua ma da minerali come i silicati. Le nuvole possono infatti schermare efficacemente la luce infrarossa emessa dagli strati gassosi caldi sottostanti, e di conseguenza le temperature appaiono più basse. Data la difficoltà nel simulare la fisica delle nuvole, della condensazione e dell’evaporazione in un ambiente dinamico, i modelli fisici comunemente applicati alle atmosfere degli esopianeti non tengono conto delle nuvole, e ciò può portare a risultati non realistici. Dopo aver modificato la simulazione per approssimare l’effetto che le nuvole hanno sulla radiazione infrarossa proveniente dagli strati più profondi, i risultati sono più coerenti con le osservazioni. Tuttavia, solo modelli più sofisticati saranno in grado di confermare con certezza la presenza di nuvole.

Gli astronomi hanno già individuato anche altri esopianeti che rientrano nell’intervallo di temperatura e nella velocità di rotazione richiesti per studiare con successo le regioni crepuscolari, in modo da costruire un campione di pianeti gassosi ultra-caldi e scoprire somiglianze e differenze tra questi mondi estremi.

Per saperne di più:

• Leggi su Nature Astronomy l’articolo “Atmospheric asymmetries in WASP-121 b revealed by rotational transits detected with JWST” di Cyril Gapp, Aurélien Falco, Thomas M. Evans-Soma, David K. Sing, Shashank Dholakia, Vivien Parmentier, Jérémy Leconte, Eva-Maria Ahrer e Guangwei Fu

 

Easily identified by the spectacular band of dark dust that partially obscures its bright core, Messier 64, or the Black Eye Galaxy, is characterized by its bizarre internal motion.

This March 20, 2026, image of Messier 64, or the Black Eye Galaxy, is a composite view from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope. It shows Messier 64 captured at near- and mid-infrared wavelengths by Webb, while Hubble’s image shows the galaxy in ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light.

Messier 64 is characterized by its bizarre internal motion. The gas in the outer regions of this spiral galaxy is rotating in the opposite direction from the gas and stars in its inner regions. This strange behavior may be the result of a merger between M64 and a satellite galaxy over a billion years ago.

Image credit: NASA, CSA, ESA, F. Belfiore (European Southern Observatory – Germany), J. Lee (Space Telescope Science Institute), A. Leroy (The Ohio State University), and D. Thilker (The Johns Hopkins University); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America)

L’annuncio è arrivato ieri da Tenerife, dov’erano riuniti i rappresentanti degli Stati membri dell’Agenzia spaziale europea per prendere decisioni di ampia portata sul futuro del programma scientifico dell’agenzia stessa: la scelta del Comitato consultivo per le scienze spaziali (Ssac, Space Science Advisory Committee) per la prossima missione di classe media – la cosiddetta M7 – è andata a Plasma Observatory, una missione la cui lead proposer è l’astrofisica Maria Federica Marcucci, ricercatrice all’Inaf Iaps di Roma.

«La missione nasce da una visione scientifica maturata nel corso degli ultimi anni grazie al contributo di una vasta comunità internazionale e consentirà di studiare per la prima volta in modo sistematico i processi fondamentali che governano il comportamento dei plasmi nello spazio attraverso osservazioni simultanee su diverse scale spaziali realizzate da una costellazione di sette satelliti», spiega Marcucci «Questa capacità osservativa multiscala senza precedenti permetterà di comprendere fenomeni fondamentali che avvengono nei plasmi che permeano l’intero universo e che hanno effetti diretti anche sull’ambiente spaziale che circonda la Terra».

«Come lead proposer della missione, insieme ad Alessandro Retinò (co-lead proposer) del Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas di Parigi, e chair dello science study team», continua Marcucci, «sono particolarmente orgogliosa del ruolo svolto dalla comunità italiana e dall’Inaf durante tutte le fasi dello studio. Ricercatrici e ricercatori dell’Istituto hanno partecipato attivamente ai gruppi di lavoro che hanno contribuito a definire gli obiettivi scientifici della missione. In questo contesto, un contributo fondamentale è stato fornito dall’Università della Calabria, attraverso la partecipazione di Francesco Valentini allo science study team, sul solco di una lunga e fruttuosa collaborazione».

«Desidero inoltre sottolineare il ruolo fondamentale svolto dall’Agenzia spaziale italiana, che ha consentito alla comunità scientifica nazionale di contribuire in modo sostanziale alla maturazione scientifica e tecnologica della proposta», ricorda Marcucci. «La raccomandazione di Plasma Observatory rappresenta anche il riconoscimento di questo investimento strategico perseguito con lungimiranza e continuità, nonché della capacità dell’Italia di valorizzare le competenze maturate ed essere protagonista nei grandi programmi scientifici europei, dalla definizione delle domande scientifiche fino alla realizzazione delle tecnologie necessarie per affrontarle.

La proposta del Comitato consultivo dell’Esa – che si avvale di gruppi di lavoro composti da scienziati esterni specializzati in diversi ambiti  – arriva al termine di una durissima selezione: il numero delle missioni in gara, inizialmente 27, si è infatti ristretto progressivamente a cinque, poi a tre e infine, appunto, alla sola Plasma Observatory. Ora il Comitato per il programma scientifico (Spc, Science Programme Commitee) ha preso atto di questa raccomandazione e adotterà una decisione formale in merito nella prossima riunione, prevista per novembre 2026, una volta consolidati gli impegni finanziari relativi allo sviluppo della strumentazione.

 

Looking somewhat like a swarm of bees returning to their hive, this NASA Hubble Space Telescope image features the galaxy cluster MACS0329-0211. Galaxy clusters like MACS0329-0211 are important signposts in the story of how the structure of the universe evolved, and are the ultimate telescopic lenses, placing gravitationally lensed galaxies from the earliest stages of the universe into our view.

Zoom into this galaxy swarm and you will find large, oval-shaped elliptical galaxies, and thin spiral and lenticular galaxies viewed from the edge. We can also see the full, face-on view of spiral galaxies and their curving spiral arms. The image’s upper-right quadrant holds faint arcs of distant galaxies gravitationally lensed by the cluster’s massive gravity. The largest of these arcs appears above the bright oval shape of a giant elliptical galaxy. Closer inspection of the image’s center reveals several bright-white intersecting curves that appear as a distorted figure eight. This may be another distant galaxy whose light was magnified and distorted by this massive cluster’s gravity.

Hubble looked at MACS0329-0211 as part of an observing program of X-ray bright galaxy clusters. Researchers used Hubble’s two main cameras, the Advanced Camera for Surveys and its Wide Field Camera 3, to gather data visible and infrared light from the cluster. Hubble’s ability to see such a broad spectrum of light makes it a valuable tool in understanding the very nature of these galaxy clusters.

Media Contact:

Claire Andreoli
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
claire.andreoli@nasa.gov

I modelli di emissione del cielo radio giocano un ruolo chiave per studiare l’universo alle basse frequenze. Uno studio pubblicato questa settimana su Nature Astronomy suggerisce che questi modelli raccontano una storia incompleta: il cielo radio è più luminoso di quanto pensassimo.

La brillanza del cielo a basse frequenze radio – tra 60 e 350 megahertz – è stata misurata con una precisione senza precedenti da un team internazionale di ricerca guidato dall’agenzia scientifica australiana Csiro. Secondo il team, uno dei modelli di riferimento più utilizzati in radioastronomia sottostima la luminosità del cielo di circa il 20 per cento alle frequenze più basse considerate, arrivando fino al 50 per cento a 350 megahertz.

Per capire meglio le implicazioni di queste misure, Media Inaf  ha intervistato uno dei coautori dello studio, Pietro Bolli, dirigente tecnologo all’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica e responsabile per la progettazione e l’analisi elettromagnetica dei sistemi d’antenna di Ska-Low, le antenne a bassa frequenza dell’Osservatorio Ska.

Qual è l’importanza di questo risultato?

«Si tratta di una misura assoluta dell’emissione diffusa dell’emisfero australe, ottenuta attraverso un’accurata calibrazione strumentale. Questo risultato indica la necessità di introdurre termini correttivi rispetto ai modelli attualmente in utilizzo dalla comunità scientifica, basati perlopiù su misure effettuate decenni fa».

Come influenzerà la radioastronomia il nuovo cielo radio?

«Il contesto attuale è particolarmente interessato a questo tema. Nei prossimi decenni la radioastronomia a bassa frequenza sarà infatti dominata dal più grande radiotelescopio mai concepito, Ska-Low. La calibrazione di un interferometro del genere è un passaggio fondamentale per la corretta interpretazione dei dati raccolti. Il nuovo risultato è proprio un follow-up dell’attività di ricerca volta a individuare ed ottimizzare le strategie di calibrazione più efficaci per Ska-Low. La misura presentata è stata condotta utilizzando un’antenna Skala 4.1, che è proprio il modello di antenna scelto per Ska-Low, assieme a un ricevitore sviluppato in Australia da Csiro per misure radiometriche assolute a elevata precisione».

Potrebbe cambiare qualcosa in ciò che sappiamo dell’universo?

«Avere una conoscenza più accurata possibile dell’emissione diffusa dell’universo radio è fondamentale per ottenere modelli di riferimento affidabili e conseguentemente calibrare l’osservazione. L’emissione radio del cielo, a basse frequenze, è dominata dai processi di radiazione di sincrotrone nella nostra galassia e dalle emissioni di tutte le sorgenti extragalattiche. Conoscere con precisione questo contributo è vitale in vari ambiti astrofisici, in particolare per tracciare i processi astrofisici dell’universo primordiale. Inoltre, la conferma di un eccesso di radiazione all’estremo più alto della banda di frequenza farà crescere l’interesse a indagare ipotesi alternative per la sua spiegazione, come ad esempio la presenza di un forte processo di annichilazione della materia oscura nell’universo primordiale».

Le vostre misure possono essere considerate un’anticipazione delle capacità scientifiche del futuro Osservatorio Ska?

«Il nostro lavoro usa una singola antenna, che osserva una regione del cielo estremamente ampia, detta all-sky. Si differenzia quindi nettamente dall’interferometro Ska-Low, che viceversa, usando centinaia di stazioni costituite da 256 antenne ciascuna, permetterà di avere risoluzioni angolari estremamente fini e sensibilità elevatissime. Allo stesso tempo, questo lavoro conferma la solidità del progetto dell’antenna, ovvero di un elemento fondamentale nella complessità tecnologica di Ska-Low. Molti dei dati di simulazione usati in questo studio saranno trasferiti anche per la calibrazione e caratterizzazione elettromagnetica delle stazioni di Ska-Low».

Qual è stato il contributo dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica?

«La tecnica utilizzata richiede una caratterizzazione estremamente dettagliata del sistema di ricezione, composto dall’antenna e da successivi stadi a radiofrequenza, in modo da cancellare gli effetti strumentali dai dati ottenuti. Come Inaf, abbiamo contribuito al lavoro dei colleghi australiani fornendo risultati da simulazioni elettromagnetiche dell’antenna Skala 4.1 che potessero essere inseriti nella procedura di calibrazione. Le simulazioni effettuate hanno cercato di rappresentare in maniera più fedele possibile le prestazioni dell’antenna all’interno dell’ambiente operativo. Aggiungerei che con la partecipazione a questo e ad altri studi, l’Inaf capitalizza una strategia partita più di quindici anni fa, di investimento di risorse significative per lo sviluppo tecnologico di grandi infrastrutture di ricerca. Il gruppo tecnologico Ska-Low coordinato da Jader Monari dell’Istituto di Radioastronomia, ha svolto un ruolo di rilievo internazionale nella progettazione di numerosi elementi della catena di ricezione di Ska-Low. La progettazione e sviluppo dell’antenna Skala4.1 e le sofisticate simulazioni elettromagnetiche sono esempi concreti di attività di ricerca in cui Inaf, con i propri partner istituzionali e industriali, ha creato una legacy nel progetto Ska di cui ora raccoglie i frutti».

---

Per saperne di più: 

• Leggi su Nature Astronomy l’articolo “Precise Measurement of the Absolute Sky Brightness at 60 to 350 MHz” di Luke McKay, Ravi Subrahmanyan, Aaron Chippendale, Pietro Bolli, Georgios Kyriakou, Alex Dunning, Ronald Ekers

 

Guadalajara, Mexico, was quite a different place when it last hosted World Cup games 40 years ago. The city welcomed matches in June 1986 and did so again in 2026, when South Korea faced Czechia at Guadalajara Stadium in the opening round of the 2026 FIFA World Cup.

In 1986, Guadalajara Stadium had not yet been built in Zapopan, the fast-growing municipality just northwest of Guadalajara. Many of that year’s World Cup matches were held instead at Jalisco Stadium in northeastern Guadalajara. It was in that stadium that France defeated Brazil in a penalty shootout in the 1986 quarterfinals, in what is widely regarded as one of the most memorable World Cup games of all time.

As seen in the Landsat images above, the land where Guadalajara Stadium (also called Estadio Akron) now sits was farmland in 1986. The new stadium, built in 2010 to host Mexico’s Club Deportivo Guadalajara, or Chivas, lies near the Sierra la Primavera volcanic complex, a rugged landscape full of lava flows, volcanic domes, steam vents, and hot springs. The architects who designed the stadium took inspiration from the nearby volcanic terrain, creating a structure that rises from a grassy earthen berm meant to resemble the flanks of a volcano, topped with a white roof reminiscent of a volcanic cloud.   

About 95,000 years ago, the volcanic system underneath Sierra la Primavera produced a massive eruption that caused a caldera 11 kilometers (7 miles) in diameter to slump downward. Water filled the depression for tens of thousands of years, but tectonic uplift and the accumulation of sediment eventually led to the demise of the lake. Erosion wore away the softer surrounding rock over time, leaving harder, erosion-resistant volcanic rocks within the circular feature that now stand high above the surrounding terrain.

Starting about 60,000 years ago, several lava domes erupted along the southern edge of the caldera. The youngest of them, Cerro del Colli, formed about 30,000 years ago, leaving the dome-shaped feature just south of the stadium and contributing to a broader landscape dotted with other volcanic domes and cinder cones.

Today, much of the original caldera has been preserved as a forested area known as La Primavera Biosphere Reserve, even as development has partially encircled it during the past 40 years. The population of the Guadalajara metro area has grown from about 2.7 million in 1986 to more than 5.5 million now, with particularly rapid growth in Zapopan, a burgeoning tech hub sometimes billed as “Mexico’s Silicon Valley.” A prominent development visible in Landsat images is Guadalajara Technology Park, one of several new industrial parks in Zapopan. New greenhouses have also come to the area en masse, including south of the reserve, where they are mostly used to grow fruits and vegetables.

World Cup fever runs particularly high in Guadalajara, which is hosting World Cup matches for the third time. During Brazil’s legendary title run in 1970, when Pelé led the team, Jalisco Stadium was the venue for Brazil’s first-round, quarterfinal, and semifinal matches. To commemorate him, the city in May 2026 erected a 9.5-meter (31-foot) bronze statue of the iconic football (soccer) player.

Even the animals at Guadalajara Zoo are taking part in the festivities, with elephants, gorillas, giraffes, capybaras, pumas, and macaws “predicting” match winners by choosing between food, shirts, boxes, soccer balls, and other items. A puma named Muluk predicted South Korea would beat Czechia by sniffing and moving a ball, one newspaper reported.

Guadalajara will host four first-round matches: South Korea vs. Czechia on June 12, Mexico vs. South Korea on June 18, Colombia vs. Democratic Republic of the Congo on June 23, and Uruguay vs. Spain on June 26.

NASA Earth Observatory images by Lauren Dauphin, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Story by Adam Voiland.

References & Resources

• Chivas (2020, July 30) The birth of a dream: Akron Stadium. Accessed June 11, 2026.
• designboom (2010, August 9) new estadio chivas by jean-marie massaud + daniel pouzet. Accessed June 11, 2026.
• Earth Matters (2018, June 14) World Cup 2018: A Satellite, Soccer Balls, and Spectacular Space Images. Accessed June 11, 2026.
• ESPN (2026, May 21) Towering Pelé statue unveiled in Guadalajara before World Cup. Accessed June 11, 2026.
• FIFA (2022, August 24) The thriller that marked the end of an era for Brazil. Accessed June 11, 2026.
• FIFA (2021, June 2) Guadalajara. Accessed June 11, 2026.
• Football 2026 (2026, May 31) The Legend of Estadio Jalisco: Guadalajara’s Iconic Stadium and Its World Cup Legacy. Accessed June 11, 2026.
• Mexico News Daily (2026, June 8) Wild picks: Elephants, pumas and gorillas make World Cup predictions at Guadalajara Zoo. Accessed June 11, 2026.
• NASA (2026, June 8) How NASA Science and Artemis Are Shaping the 2026 FIFA World Cup. Accessed June 11, 2026.
• NASA Earth Observatory (2022, November 19) Stadium City Qatar. Accessed June 11, 2026.
• NASA Earth Observatory (2014, June 16) National Stadium of Brasília. Accessed June 11, 2026.
• Sourisseau, D., et al. (2026) Stratigraphy and dynamics of the 6.4 ka explosive rhyolitic eruption at Colli dome, La Primavera caldera, Mexico. Bulletin of Volcanology, 88(6).
• Stadium Journey (2006, April 8) Ancient Inspirations to FIFA World Cup 2026: The Story of Estadio Akron, the Newest Ancient Stadium in the World. Accessed June 11, 2026.

NASA is introducing a new funding opportunity to accelerate academic research and technology development. The Minority University Research and Education Project Space Technology Artemis Research (M‑STAR) application window opened Thursday and will remain open through 11:59 p.m. EDT on Tuesday, Aug. 11.

The research funded through this award supports the agency’s priorities for exploring the Moon, Mars, and deep space, while strengthening eligible institutions in the future of space exploration. Through M-STAR, institutions are encouraged to grow their scientific and engineering capabilities, enhance faculty and student engagement in aerospace research, and expand their ability to compete for future federal and commercial research awards.

Administered by NASA’s Office of STEM Engagement, this initiative contributes to NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate, and supports the agency’s broader mission to develop innovative technologies that improve space transportation, human exploration, robotic discovery, and the growing space economy.

NASA’s Office of STEM Engagement fosters an ecosystem across education, industry, and government to cultivate a well‑prepared talent pool, while the agency’s Space Technology Mission Directorate develops the transformative space technologies that enable future NASA missions and ensure U.S. leadership in aerospace. Together, they accelerate mission readiness by aligning cutting edge technological innovation with the workforce needed to carry it forward.

For complete eligibility information, help session registration, and to submit an M-STAR proposal, visit:

https://go.nasa.gov/4exkPiH

Using data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, astronomers may have found a supernova remnant in an intriguing neighborhood in the middle of our galaxy. A paper describing these new findings published in The Astrophysical Journal.

Supernova remnants are the expanding remains of exploded stars and provide elements – like iron, oxygen, and silicon – that are critical for the formation of planets and for life as we know it to form and flourish.

This new supernova remnant, if confirmed, would be one of the closest ever discovered to the supermassive black hole at the central region of the Milky Way galaxy, an exotic region crammed with massive stars, long threads of magnetic fields and dense clouds of gas orbiting rapidly around the Galactic Center.

A new composite image of this region contains X-rays from Chandra and ESA’s (European Space Agency’s) XMM-Newton mission (shown in blue) as well as radio data from the MeerKAT telescope (shown in red) in South Africa. These have been combined with an optical image from the Pan-STARRS telescopes in Hawaii (red, green, and blue). The plane of the galaxy runs horizontally from left to right in the image, and the central black hole is off to the left of the image.

The evidence for the new supernova remnant, located about 26,000 light-years from Earth, comes from X-ray data from Chandra and XMM-Newton. The X-ray data reveals a “blob” of X-ray emission that may come from the remains of a massive star that self-destructed as a supernova, buried within the larger cloud of expanding gas.

The location of this suspected supernova remnant in the image is labeled with a circle.

It is in a bubble of gas that has had electrons stripped away from hydrogen – called an “H II region” – surrounding a massive, young star. This bubble is a bright source of radio emission called Sagittarius C.

If this is indeed a supernova remnant, then it is expanding at about two million miles per hour and is at least about 1,700 years old. Previously, observations with NASA’s now-retired SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy) mission had shown evidence for an expanding shell of gas surrounding Sagittarius C. This gave astronomers a hint that a stellar explosion had occurred in the same spot.

The long filaments seen in the radio image are caused by energetic particles travelling along magnetic fields that are mostly directed perpendicular to the plane of the galaxy.

The nuclear fusion engines of stars create elements from hydrogen and helium that were abundant at the beginning of the universe. When stars explode at the end of their lives as supernovae, they send these newly synthesized elements into interstellar space and provide material for the next generation of stars and planets.

The team of astronomers searched the X-ray data for signs of increased amounts of key elements in the remnant, which would have been caused by the stellar explosion blasting them into space. While they did not see an enhancement, this could imply that the stellar debris has already mixed with the surrounding gas.

An alternative explanation for the X-ray blob is that the hot gas comes from a collection of massive stars in the region. The authors of the recent study don’t think this explanation is likely, because the X-ray emission from the blob is more than ten times brighter than the X-ray emission of large, known stellar clusters with bright, massive stars.

An additional image shows data from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope added to the X-ray and radio data. The light blue color represents infrared light from gas in the H II region, and the darker blue depicts X-rays from the supernova remnant candidate, on the right side of the image. X-rays near the center of the image are associated with the H II region, possibly caused by material blown away by massive stars that has heated gas to millions of degrees, producing X-rays.

The study’s authors are Zhenlin Zhu and Mark Morris of the University of California, Los Angeles; Gabriele Ponti of Italy’s National Institute for Astrophysics; and Ping Zhou of Nanjing University in China.

NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, manages the Chandra program. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory’s Chandra X-ray Center controls science operations from Cambridge, Massachusetts, and flight operations from Burlington, Massachusetts.

Visual Description

This release features a composite image of colorful, overlapping clouds, which suggests to astronomers that a supernova remnant may be buried in gas near the center of our Milky Way galaxy.

Set against a backdrop packed with distant stars and other specks of light are two distinct, overlapping clouds. The larger, visually dominant cloud, is red and multifaceted. It has an irregular shape, and features patches of different textures, including pockets that resemble wispy smoke, tangles of faint red veins, and clear streaking lines. This large cloud of expanding gas represents radio data from the MeerKAT telescope in South Africa.

Overlapping with that red cloud is a cloudy blue blob representing X-ray data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESA’s XMM-Newton. Astronomers suggest that this blue blob of X-ray emissions is the remains of a massive star destroyed by a supernova.

Read more from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory

To learn more about NASA’s Chandra mission, visit:

https://science.nasa.gov/chandra

https://chandra.si.edu

News Media Contact

Megan Watzke
Chandra X-ray Center
Cambridge, Mass.
617-496-7998
mwatzke@cfa.harvard.edu

Joel Wallace
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
256-544-0034
joel.w.wallace@nasa.gov

Listen to this audio excerpt from Elkin Norena, resident management officer, NASA’s Space Launch System Program:

NASA’s Elkin Norena has helped the agency launch more than a dozen space shuttle missions – that’s more than a dozen crews to low Earth orbit and more than a dozen historic missions. They were missions that helped build the International Space Station, that provided a final servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope, and that performed critical science experiments that improved life right here on Earth.

Today, he continues that work as the manager of the Resident Management Office for SLS at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, helping launch America’s rocket – the SLS (Space Launch System) – and the Orion spacecraft with its international quartet of astronauts  on the Artemis II mission to fly by the Moon and return home.

As resident manager, Norena provides onsite SLS support for NASA’s Exploration Ground Systems team that is responsible for preparing, stacking, testing, and launching SLS and Orion. He is also the eyes and ears for the SLS Program, providing an avenue of communications back to the program, which is managed at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.

It is the continuation of a childhood dream to be part of space exploration.

“When I was a kid in New Jersey, I watched a space shuttle launch in class one day,” said Norena. “When I watched the power of launch and the brave astronauts going to explore, I knew I had to be a part of that one day. I wanted to become an astronaut.”

The dream to join the space program led the Colombia native to the University of Central Florida in Orlando, where he majored in computer engineering, just miles from the Space Coast and in view of space shuttle launches like the ones he once watched on TV.

Following college, he joined NASA contractor United Space Alliance at NASA Kennedy, and in 2008 he joined the NASA Kennedy team as a civil servant, working on the same spacecraft that inspired him to pursue the space program as a child.

“I started off in the Space Shuttle Program as an electrical engineer. Then I moved into the firing room for 17 different shuttle missions as a flight termination engineer. It was exciting to be part of all those missions and build the International Space Station,” Norena said.

Using those experiences, he became one of the original SLS team members. He was a part of the teams that successfully launched Artemis I and II and is now critical to the upcoming Artemis III mission.

Away from the launch pad, Norena’s hobbies orbit around his teenage daughters, participating in their activities. He also keeps a keen eye on space and is an avid astrophotographer.

“I love capturing the Milky Way! I’ve traveled to Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and all across the western United States,” he said. “A great spot that’s closer for me is Dry Tortugas National Park beyond Key West.”

No matter how he explores space, Norena believes Artemis II is more than just a mission.

“This is historic. I grew up watching the shuttle missions, learning about Apollo, and wanting to be part of those Moon missions. We built the space station. The space shuttle explored space and technology on many levels,” he said. “Now, it’s our turn with Artemis to get back to the Moon, and this time to stay there. I’m excited to be part of the generation that does that.”

A new type of gamma-ray sensor developed by NASA, called AstroPix, will take part in a robotic arm demonstration on the agency’s upcoming Fly Foundational Robots mission, set to launch in late 2027.

Gamma rays are the highest-energy form of light. Scientists observe them coming from events like lightning in Earth’s atmosphere, powerful solar flares from our Sun, and cosmic collisions in distant galaxies. The sensors on the AstroPix technology demonstration are designed to measure gamma rays between 20,000 and 700,000 electron volts. For comparison, visible light’s energy falls between 2 and 3 electron volts.

Current NASA missions, including the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, also observe gamma rays, including those with even higher energies.

But for energies between 500,000 to 1 million electron volts, existing detectors are less sensitive. This range is where many powerful explosions called gamma-ray bursts shine the brightest. It’s also where astronomers expect to see the strongest glow from the most massive and distant active galaxies powered by black holes. By stacking AstroPix detectors in future missions, scientists could bridge this gap and improve observations of these cosmic objects to better understand the processes that create and drive them.

“The Fly Foundational Robots spacecraft is also a technology demonstration, so the projects were a good fit for each other,” said Dan Violette, an AstroPix team member and post-doctoral fellow at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “We need to thoroughly test AstroPix’s performance before we can use the sensors in future science missions. We’ve flown comparable technologies on a scientific balloon mission, and the current prototype eventually will be part of a sounding rocket payload. Many of those flight opportunities only reach near space, though. It’s not often that technology demonstrations like ours can find a ride into orbit.”

Each AstroPix chip contains four silicon pixel gamma-ray detectors, and each detector incorporates 1,225 pixels. The chips function similarly to the sensors in cell phone cameras.

The AstroPix Satellite Technology dEmonstration Payload, also known as A-STEP, will be hosted within the Fly Foundational Robots mission’s Orbital Replacement Unit, a movable module built by Rocket Lab Robotics. Rocket Lab Robotics also will provide a robotic arm that will pick up and reposition the unit during flight and perform in-orbit operations as part of a robotic servicing demonstration. The A-STEP payload will collect its data following the repositioning. Astro Digital will provide the spacecraft.

The Orbital Replacement Unit was designed to support power and data interfaces for a payload, but the original plan called for the robotic arm to reposition the module without one. As mission development progressed, however, the Fly Foundational Robots team identified an opportunity to further maximize the mission’s value by integrating an additional technology demonstration that could fit within the 11.8-inch (30-centimeter) cube.

“The unit already had the volume, power, and data needed to support the AstroPix team’s design,” said Bo Naasz, senior technical lead, In-space Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing in the Space Technology Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “One of our major goals with Fly Foundational Robots is to demonstrate robotic changeout of payloads in orbit, enabling upgrades or improvements to satellites and space instruments at a fraction of the cost of a full mission. Allowing AstroPix to complete its own technology demonstration in orbit is a bonus.”

The AstroPix team is working to deliver their hardware this September, and it will be integrated into the Fly Foundational Robots payload before final integration onto the spacecraft. The Orbital Replacement Unit will hold the chips and all the associated electronics needed to provide power, and collect and transmit data during flight.

NASA’s Fly Foundational Robots mission is funded through the Space Technology Mission Directorate’s ISAM portfolio, managed at NASA Goddard. Rocket Lab Robotics will supply the mission’s robotic arm system through a NASA Small Business Innovation Research Phase III award. Astro Digital will host the orbital flight test of the arm through NASA’s Flight Opportunities program, managed at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California. The development of AstroPix was supported by NASA’s Astrophysics Division in the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters, through the agency’s Astrophysics Research and Analysis Program, and funded through the Nancy Grace Roman Technology Fellowship.

To learn more, visit:

https://go.nasa.gov/3R28tWE

By Jeanette Kazmierczak
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.

Researchers tested soccer balls aboard the International Space Station to study how internal mass affects motion and stability in microgravity.

A soccer ball floats in microgravity in this March 2, 2026, picture from the International Space Station. The space station crew tested soccer balls to study how internal mass affects motion and stability in microgravity. The findings have improved understanding of how embedded technologies, including match-ball sensors, can influence performance during play.

Through research aboard the International Space Station and technology developed for exploration, NASA continues to demonstrate how discoveries made for space can benefit people on Earth—including athletes and fans participating in the world’s most popular sport.

Image credit: NASA

A soccer ball floats in microgravity in this March 2, 2026, picture from the International Space Station. The space station crew tested soccer balls to study how internal mass affects motion and stability in microgravity. The findings have improved understanding of how embedded technologies, including match-ball sensors, can influence performance during play.

Through research aboard the International Space Station and technology developed for exploration, NASA continues to demonstrate how discoveries made for space can benefit people on Earth—including athletes and fans participating in the world’s most popular sport.

Image credit: NASA

A soccer ball floats in microgravity in this March 2, 2026, picture from the International Space Station. The space station crew tested soccer balls to study how internal mass affects motion and stability in microgravity. The findings have improved understanding of how embedded technologies, including match-ball sensors, can influence performance during play.

Through research aboard the International Space Station and technology developed for exploration, NASA continues to demonstrate how discoveries made for space can benefit people on Earth—including athletes and fans participating in the world’s most popular sport.

Image credit: NASA

At NASA, remaining a global leader in exploration and innovation includes having a skilled
and dedicated workforce. Technicians play a critical role in advancing the agency’s
research and missions, applying hands-on expertise across engineering, fabrication,
electronics, and countless other technical fields.

To help cultivate the next generation of technical talent, NASA’s Office of STEM Engagement
hosted Career Technical Education Day recently at NASA’s Langley Research Center in
Hampton, Virginia. One hundred high school and community college students from Virginia
and North Carolina attended, eager to explore the technical career paths that help drive
NASA’s work.

“Many students picture NASA as only astronauts or engineers and therefore never consider
a career at NASA to be within their reach,” said Bonnie Murray, lead for the Office of STEM
Engagement at NASA Langley. “Bringing students from local career and technical
education programs to Langley allows them the opportunity to see technicians at work,
hear the pathways those technicians followed, and understand how the skills they are
developing in their related classes have a place in the NASA workforce.”

The event opened with remarks from NASA Langley’s Steve Gayle, who traced his path from
an engineering technician co-op in the center’s Fabrication Division and a graduate of
Langley’s Engineering Technician Apprentice Program to his current role as acting
associate director. Gayle encouraged students to embrace challenges, think critically, stay
curious, and create their own opportunities as they pursue their career goals.

“We need young, bright minds,” Gayle said. “At NASA, we rely on skilled hands-on
professionals — technicians who operate our wind tunnels, apply their skills in our
fabrication shops, and use their electronics knowledge to design, test, and build critical
systems.”

Throughout the day, students toured several of Langley’s world-class facilities, including
the historic Landing and Impact Research Facility and one of the center’s wind tunnels. At
each stop, they received a behind-the-scenes look at the spaces where NASA technicians
build, test, and refine the tools and technologies that support the agency’s missions. The
technicians spoke with students about their work, their career paths, and the skills needed
to excel in technical roles.

Hands-on demonstrations and interactive activities lead by NASA technicians and
aerospace industry partners helped students connect their classroom experience with
real-world applications. Whether observing fabrication techniques, seeing instrumentation
up close, or engaging with engineering demonstrations, participants experienced how
STEM and technical skills directly translate into meaningful careers.

“Through events such as this, NASA seeks to prepare students for aerospace careers
through experiences and investments that strengthen research capacity, build technical
expertise, and expand reach in alignment with agency missions and needs,” Murray said.
The event ended with a career panel moderated by NASA astronaut Joe Acaba, associate
director of mission and strategy at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston and former
math and science teacher. The panel featured four Langley technician apprentices who
shared insights into their roles and the value of strong foundational skills in technical
fields.

“A basic grasp of how software, systems, and even everyday items function goes a long way
as you progress in your technician journey,” said Wyatt Healy, mechanical engineering
technician apprentice at NASA Langley. “When you have those fundamentals down,
learning the more advanced concepts becomes much easier. It doesn’t happen overnight,
but with a strong foundation, the sky is the limit.”

By connecting students with NASA professionals, facilities, and hands-on experiences, the
event showcased a broad range of opportunities available in technical careers. It also
underscored NASA’s commitment to building a strong, skilled workforce equipped to
support the agency’s mission and tackle the challenges of tomorrow.

For more information about opportunities to connect students with NASA’s mission, work, and people, visit:

https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources

Brittny McGraw
NASA Langley Research Center

Avete presente la celebre Nebulosa di Orione? Ecco, nascosto dietro il suo gas e la sua polvere si trova un oggetto altrettanto spettacolare e variopinto: il complesso delle Nubi Molecolari di Orione, visibile in questa immagine grazie allo strumento agli infrarossi NirCam di Jwst, il James Webb Space Telescope. Selezionata come picture of the month di Jwst per il mese di giugno 2026, riesce a mostrarci uno scenario altrimenti invisibile: in banda ottica, infatti, la luce viene assorbita completamente dal materiale della nebulosa antistante, rendendo le osservazioni impossibili a lunghezze d’onda minori di quelle infrarosse.

In realtà, il complesso si divide in quattro parti, denominate da Omc-1 a Omc-4, e la foto scattata da Webb cattura solo una piccola parte di Omc-2, distante 1280 anni luce da noi: una regione ampia circa 150 anni luce in cui è in atto un’intensa attività di formazione stellare che dà origine a questa scenografica composizione di colori.

Le nubi molecolari, infatti, sono enormi agglomerati di gas freddo, molto più densi del mezzo interstellare circostante, ed è proprio questa elevata densità che permette al gas di collassare sotto l’azione della gravità, dando origine alle protostelle, il primo stadio del processo di formazione stellare. Man mano che il materiale continua a precipitare sulla protostella in formazione, si riscalda progressivamente e parte dell’enorme energia liberata durante il processo viene convertita in potenti getti di gas espulsi dai poli della stella. Questi getti generano onde d’urto ad alta velocità che attraversano il gas circostante, comprimendolo e riscaldandolo fino a produrre caratteristiche creste luminose ben definite. Nell’immagine è possibile individuare la posizione delle protostelle, ancora nascoste all’interno dei loro gusci di gas e polvere, seguendo a ritroso la direzione di questi flussi.

Al contrario, stelle già formate hanno disperso gran parte del materiale da cui sono nate attraverso la loro radiazione e i loro venti stellari, e per questo motivo appaiono in regioni relativamente sgombre di gas e polvere, rendendosi osservabili direttamente e illuminando Omc-2 con la loro intensa luce bianco-blu.

A queste zone illuminate si mescolano quelle completamente scure, dove la polvere fredda è così densa da assorbire quasi tutta la luce, mentre le regioni marroni e arancioni indicano la presenza di polvere più calda che assorbe e riemette luce. Le sfumature dal giallo al verde sono dovute in gran parte alle emissioni degli idrocarburi policiclici aromatici, mentre la luce delle stelle e delle protostelle, diffusa dai granelli di polvere, appare sotto forma di foschia blu e ciano.

Le osservazioni di questa regione sono state condotte all’interno di un programma che mira a studiare la formazione stellare all’interno delle nubi Omc-2 e Omc-3. In particolare, i dati di Webb verranno usati per comprendere meglio i fenomeni di accrescimento sulle protostelle e come la presenza dei numerosi flussi di gas nella regione influenzi gli stadi iniziali della vita delle stelle.

 

Utilizzando i dati d’archivio raccolti dalla missione Neowise della Nasa, un team di astronomi del Mit ha individuato il quasar variabile più antico mai osservato. Il suo nome è J0439+1634, era già presente all’“alba cosmica”, quando l’universo aveva appena 850 milioni di anni (z ≈ 6.5), e la sua luminosità cambia nel tempo: un fenomeno mai osservato prima in un oggetto così distante. La scoperta, pubblicata questa settimana su Nature Astronomy, apre una nuova finestra di osservazione sui primi buchi neri supermassicci e sull’evoluzione delle galassie nell’universo primordiale.

I quasar sono tra gli oggetti più luminosi dell’universo. Si tratta di nuclei galattici attivi alimentati da buchi neri supermassicci che emettono enormi quantità di radiazione mentre accrescono materia.

Per molto tempo si è ritenuto che le prime galassie formatesi nel cosmo avessero bisogno di oltre un miliardo di anni per stabilizzarsi e maturare, e che quindi i buchi neri supermassicci non dovessero essere presenti nelle prime fasi dell’universo. Le osservazioni condotte a partire dai primi anni Duemila hanno però raccontato una storia diversa. Oggi gli astronomi hanno infatti identificato oltre duecento quasar risalenti al primo miliardo di anni di vita dell’universo.

Per studiare meglio questi antichi “mostri cosmici”, un team guidato da Gene Leung, del Massachusetts Institute of Technology, ha cercato le variazioni di luminosità di un quasar primordiale. Per farlo, gli autori dello studio hanno esaminato immagini dell’universo ottenute a lunghezze d’onda infrarosse e su intervalli temporali molto lunghi, dell’ordine di anni. A causa dell’espansione cosmica, infatti, la luce emessa da sorgenti remote viene spostata verso lunghezze d’onda più lunghe (redshift). Anche le variazioni temporali risultano però dilatate: un fenomeno che nel sistema di riferimento d’un quasar durerebbe settimane può apparire infatti distribuito su diversi mesi agli osservatori terrestri.

«Questa è stata la sfida tecnica che dovevamo superare», spiega Anna-Christina Eilers, ricercatrice al Mit e coautrice della pubblicazione. «Avevamo bisogno di dati raccolti ripetutamente a lunghezze d’onda infrarosse e su scale temporali molto estese».

Sfruttando circa quattordici anni di dati raccolti dal telescopio spaziale Neowise, gli astronomi hanno individuato un segnale risalente a soli 850 milioni di anni dopo il Big Bang. Era il segnale di J0439+1634, un quasar la cui luce ha viaggiato per quasi 13 miliardi di anni prima di raggiungerci.

Scoperto nel 2018 da un team internazionale di astronomi comprendente anche il ricercatore dell’Inaf Marco Bonaglia, J0439+1634 è stato a lungo il quasar più luminoso conosciuto nell’universo primordiale. Superato in luminosità nel 2024 da J0529-4351, oggi detiene un altro primato. Le analisi condotte in questo studio hanno infatti rivelato una chiara variabilità della sua emissione: il cosiddetto flickering, o “sfarfallio” – un fenomeno mai osservato prima in un oggetto così distante, rendendolo il quasar variabile più antico mai osservato.

«Nel corso dei 14 anni, abbiamo visto il quasar variare la sua luminosità in modo casuale, un po’ come la fiamma di una candela che tremola senza uno schema fisso», dice a questo proposito Leung.

I ricercatori stimano che il quasar abbia una luminosità pari a 12mila miliardi di Soli e che questa vari di circa il 20 per cento: quasi duemila miliardi di volte la luminosità della nostra stella. Gli scienziati hanno inoltre tracciato le variazioni di luminosità del quasar a diverse lunghezze d’onda, che hanno permesso di ottenere informazioni sulla forma e sulla struttura del disco di accrescimento attorno al buco nero centrale. Poiché la lunghezza d’onda della radiazione dipende dalla temperatura del materiale che la emette — e poiché il materiale più vicino al buco nero è anche il più caldo — le diverse bande possono essere infatti utilizzate per ricostruire la geometria del disco.

Dall’analisi è emerso che il disco del buco nero al centro di J0439+1634 è sorprendentemente sottile e piatto, una configurazione tipica dei buchi neri vicini e antichi, che hanno avuto molto più tempo per stabilizzarsi e maturare, spiegano i ricercatori.

Il team spera ora di spingersi ancora più indietro nel tempo cosmico per osservare quasar in fasi ancora più precoci del loro sviluppo. In questo modo gli scienziati potranno iniziare a ricostruire le condizioni che hanno portato alla nascita dei primi buchi neri supermassicci.

«Questo risultato», conclude Eilers, «fornisce una prova diretta del fatto che gli stessi processi di accrescimento e le stesse strutture osservate nell’universo vicino erano già presenti in epoche molto antiche, nonostante condizioni cosmiche profondamente diverse, qualcosa che non era mai stato osservato prima».

Per saperne di più:

• Leggi su Nature Astronomy l’articolo “Discovery of quasar variability and early accretion disk signatures at cosmic dawn” di Gene C. K. Leung, Anna-Christina Eilers, Christos Panagiotou, Julien Wolf, Kishalay De, Luke Weisenbach, Minghao Yue, Xiaohui Fan, Yuzo Ishikawa, Erin Kara, Mirko Krumpe, Andrea Merloni, Robert A. Simcoe, Feige Wang e Jinyi Yang

 

A train transports eight booster motor segments for the SLS (Space Launch System rocket) that will power NASA’s Artemis III mission from Northrop Grumman’s Railyard Shipping Facility in Corinne, Utah, June 2, to NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

Come fanno due stelle neonate ad avvicinarsi e aggregarsi così rapidamente in sistemi binari? A svelare il mistero è oggi uno studio, pubblicato sulla rivista The Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society e guidato da un team di ricerca giapponese, che ha individuato nei campi magnetici la chiave di volta per spiegare questo fenomeno.

Le stelle si formano da nubi di gas interstellare che collassano in regioni dense, dette nuclei di nubi molecolari. In queste zone, più stelle si formano contemporaneamente vicine tra loro e, in alcuni casi, due di esse rimangono legate gravitazionalmente, dando vita a un sistema stellare binario. Le osservazioni di archivio suggeriscono che questi sistemi si formino molto presto, prima ancora che le stelle stesse si siano sviluppate del tutto.

Il team di ricerca ha effettuato nuove simulazioni utilizzando diversi supercomputer, tra cui il supercomputer per simulazioni astronomiche Aterui III e il suo predecessore Aterui II, entrambi presso l’Osservatorio astronomico nazionale del Giappone. I risultati mostrano che le interazioni tra un campo magnetico interstellare e il gas che circonda le protostelle possono rimuovere momento angolare dalla coppia di protostelle, consentendo ai sistemi binari di formarsi in un arco temporale realistico. Nella simulazione eseguita in assenza di alcun campo magnetico, le protostelle si sono in realtà allontanate l’una dall’altra, evidenziando l’importanza del campo magnetico in questo processo.

Inoltre, le simulazioni suggeriscono che lo stesso processo potrebbe applicarsi ai buchi neri binari massicci situati nel cuore ricco di gas di una nuova galassia nata dalla fusione di due galassie più piccole. Questo aiuterebbe a spiegare come i buchi neri massicci riescano ad avvicinarsi abbastanza da fondersi e formare un buco nero supermassiccio. Tuttavia, la simulazione diretta di buchi neri massicci nell’arco di tempo necessario affinché questi si avvicinino spiraleggiando l’uno attorno all’altro rappresenta ancora una sfida dal punto di vista computazionale. Pertanto, un’indagine rigorosa sugli effetti dei campi magnetici sui buchi neri binari massicci rimane un obiettivo per le ricerche future.

Per saperne di più:

• Leggi su Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society l’articolo “Magnetic-field-induced inspiral of binaries with circumbinary disc: black hole and protostellar systems” di T. Matsumoto, K. Hotokezaka e K. Inayoshi

Guarda sul canale YouTube del CfCA (Naoj) la simulazione dei flussi di gas attorno a un sistema di protostelle binarie elaborata con Aterui III:

 

 

The Southern Patagonian Icefield is the largest expanse of ice in the Southern Hemisphere outside of Antarctica. The mass of glacial ice extends hundreds of kilometers along the spine of the Andes, feeding dozens of dynamic outlet glaciers that grind their way down from higher elevations. Many of these rivers of ice terminate in the sea or in proglacial lakes.

An astronaut aboard the International Space Station photographed one of these glaciers—Tyndall Glacier in southern Chile—through a layer of ethereal clouds on May 10, 2026. Fragments of ice that had calved off its terminus were visible floating on Lago Geikie.

Like most Patagonian glaciers, Tyndall has been shrinking since the end of the Little Ice Age about 150 years ago. Lago Geikie formed at Tyndall’s terminus around 1940, according to glaciologist Mauri Pelto of Nichols College, and gradually expanded as the ice retreated. Part of the glacier previously terminated in Lago Tyndall to the east, but thinning ice cut off that outlet by 2010, Pelto said. (The ice’s retreat also exposed bedrock along its eastern edge that contains scores of ichthyosaur fossils.)

Along with thinning, ice calving off the glacier’s front has reduced its volume. Tyndall has lost 2.2 kilometers (1.4 miles) in length since November 2022, Pelto said, following about a decade of limited retreat with considerable thinning. A significant calving event in March and April 2023 contributed to the recent uptick in ice retreat. During that time, satellites observed several large icebergs breaking away from Tyndall’s terminus.

Austral autumn in 2026 was a time of active calving retreat at Tyndall (and some neighboring glaciers), Pelto said, albeit more incremental than three years prior. “The substantial crevasses crisscrossing the glacier near the calving front lead to many smaller icebergs,” he said. On the other hand, larger tabular icebergs tend to form when there are fewer deep crevasses near the terminus and the glacier’s ice is thinner.

The ice cliff at the terminus casts a substantial shadow, which can help scientists estimate the height of the glacier’s front. Pelto’s calculations, using information about the Sun’s position provided with the image, indicate that Tyndall’s front loomed 30–40 meters (100–130 feet) above the lake surface in May 2026. Observations from orbit, including astronaut photographs, can help scientists monitor and understand glaciers in remote regions where ground-based observations are scarce.

As for what comes next for Tyndall, Pelto expects many more small icebergs to continue breaking off, given the heavily crevassed appearance of the calving front. “Look for a burst of iceberg production next fall.”

Astronaut photograph ISS074-E-582898 was acquired on May 10, 2026, with a Nikon Z9 digital camera using a focal length of 560 millimeters. It is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit at NASA Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 74 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Story by Lindsey Doermann.

References & Resources

• AntarcticGlaciers.org (2020, June 22) The Patagonian Icefields today. Accessed June 9, 2026.
• From a Glaciers Perspective (2026, February 28) Glaciar Mayo, Argentina Terminus Collapsing in 2026: A Familiar Pattern. Accessed June 9, 2026.
• From a Glaciers Perspective (2023, April 18) Tyndall Glacier, Chile April 2023 Calving Retreat. Accessed June 9, 2026.
• Minowa M., et al. (2023) Effects of topography on dynamics and mass loss of lake-terminating glaciers in southern Patagonia. Journal of Glaciology, 69(278), 1580-1597.
• NASA Earth Observatory (2017, July 14) Ice on the Move in Patagonia. Accessed June 9, 2026.
• NASA Earth Observatory (2007, December 24) Tyndall Glacier, Chile. Accessed June 9, 2026.

The Southern Patagonian Icefield is the largest expanse of ice in the Southern Hemisphere outside of Antarctica. The mass of glacial ice extends hundreds of kilometers along the spine of the Andes, feeding dozens of dynamic outlet glaciers that grind their way down from higher elevations. Many of these rivers of ice terminate in the sea or in proglacial lakes.

An astronaut aboard the International Space Station photographed one of these glaciers—Tyndall Glacier in southern Chile—through a layer of ethereal clouds on May 10, 2026. Fragments of ice that had calved off its terminus were visible floating on Lago Geikie.

Like most Patagonian glaciers, Tyndall has been shrinking since the end of the Little Ice Age about 150 years ago. Lago Geikie formed at Tyndall’s terminus around 1940, according to glaciologist Mauri Pelto of Nichols College, and gradually expanded as the ice retreated. Part of the glacier previously terminated in Lago Tyndall to the east, but thinning ice cut off that outlet by 2010, Pelto said. (The ice’s retreat also exposed bedrock along its eastern edge that contains scores of ichthyosaur fossils.)

Along with thinning, ice calving off the glacier’s front has reduced its volume. Tyndall has lost 2.2 kilometers (1.4 miles) in length since November 2022, Pelto said, following about a decade of limited retreat with considerable thinning. A significant calving event in March and April 2023 contributed to the recent uptick in ice retreat. During that time, satellites observed several large icebergs breaking away from Tyndall’s terminus.

Austral autumn in 2026 was a time of active calving retreat at Tyndall (and some neighboring glaciers), Pelto said, albeit more incremental than three years prior. “The substantial crevasses crisscrossing the glacier near the calving front lead to many smaller icebergs,” he said. On the other hand, larger tabular icebergs tend to form when there are fewer deep crevasses near the terminus and the glacier’s ice is thinner.

The ice cliff at the terminus casts a substantial shadow, which can help scientists estimate the height of the glacier’s front. Pelto’s calculations, using information about the Sun’s position provided with the image, indicate that Tyndall’s front loomed 30–40 meters (100–130 feet) above the lake surface in May 2026. Observations from orbit, including astronaut photographs, can help scientists monitor and understand glaciers in remote regions where ground-based observations are scarce.

As for what comes next for Tyndall, Pelto expects many more small icebergs to continue breaking off, given the heavily crevassed appearance of the calving front. “Look for a burst of iceberg production next fall.”

Astronaut photograph ISS074-E-582898 was acquired on May 10, 2026, with a Nikon Z9 digital camera using a focal length of 560 millimeters. It is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit at NASA Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 74 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Story by Lindsey Doermann.

References & Resources

• AntarcticGlaciers.org (2020, June 22) The Patagonian Icefields today. Accessed June 9, 2026.
• From a Glaciers Perspective (2026, February 28) Glaciar Mayo, Argentina Terminus Collapsing in 2026: A Familiar Pattern. Accessed June 9, 2026.
• From a Glaciers Perspective (2023, April 18) Tyndall Glacier, Chile April 2023 Calving Retreat. Accessed June 9, 2026.
• Minowa M., et al. (2023) Effects of topography on dynamics and mass loss of lake-terminating glaciers in southern Patagonia. Journal of Glaciology, 69(278), 1580-1597.
• NASA Earth Observatory (2017, July 14) Ice on the Move in Patagonia. Accessed June 9, 2026.
• NASA Earth Observatory (2007, December 24) Tyndall Glacier, Chile. Accessed June 9, 2026.

NASA announced the Artemis III crew on Tuesday, June 9, 2026. NASA astronaut Andre Douglas, mission specialist; ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Luca Parmitano, pilot; NASA astronaut Randy Bresnik, commander; and NASA astronaut Frank Rubio, mission specialist, will demonstrate the Orion spacecraft's rendezvous and docking capabilities with test versions from one, or both, American commercial human landing systems in development by Blue Origin and SpaceX.

La Nasa ha annunciato oggi la composizione dell’equipaggio della missione Artemis III: Randy Bresnik (comandante, Nasa), Luca Parmitano (Esa), Frank Rubio e Andre Douglas (specialisti di atterraggio, entrambi Nasa). È stato inoltre designato come membro di riserva dell’equipaggio l’astronauta Bob Hines (Nasa). L’equipaggio inizierà ora un rigoroso programma di addestramento per familiarizzarsi con i sistemi della navicella Orion e con il funzionamento dei sistemi di atterraggio con equipaggio umano, in vista di un’ambiziosa serie di dimostrazioni che precederanno la missione di atterraggio sulla Luna.

Luca Parmitano, astronauta italiano dell’Esa, ha trascorso 366 giorni nello spazio nel corso di due missioni di lunga durata sulla Stazione spaziale internazionale, Volare e Beyond. Durante queste missioni, ha collaborato a centinaia di esperimenti, ha effettuato sei passeggiate spaziali per un totale di oltre 30 ore ed è diventato comandante della Stazione. Da quando è tornato sulla Terra, Parmitano ha ricoperto il ruolo di referente dell’Esa presso il Johnson Space Center della Nasa a Houston, agendo come “CapCom” e addestrando gli astronauti dell’Esa per le passeggiate spaziali e le operazioni robotiche. L’anno scorso Parmitano ha partecipato all’Underway Recovery Test 12 della Nasa, al largo delle coste della California, per simulare l’ammaraggio e il recupero degli astronauti di Artemis da un modello in scala reale della navicella Orion.

«Sono onorato di far parte di questo equipaggio e allo stesso tempo mi sento umile: i miei compagni di missione apportano un bagaglio di esperienze molto variegato, e non vedo l’ora di lavorare con loro, desideroso di imparare e di dare il mio massimo contributo nel mio ruolo. In qualità di pilota collaudatore, questa è davvero una missione da sogno, poiché potremo contribuire a testare i sistemi e a sviluppare le procedure affinché i futuri equipaggi possano spingersi più lontano e, in ultima analisi, riportare l’umanità sulla Luna», ha detto Luca Parmitano. «Sono molto grato all’Aeronautica militare per avermi fornito l’addestramento nelle mie prime fasi; all’Agenzia spaziale italiana – e all’Italia nel suo complesso – per avermi affidato il loro primissimo volo di lunga durata quando ero solo un novellino; all’Agenzia spaziale europea per l’addestramento, il sostegno infinito e le incredibili opportunità che ho avuto da quando sono diventato un astronauta dell’Esa, e alla Nasa per la sua leadership nel riportare l’umanità sulla Luna. È la conferma che l’Esa è un partner affidabile e la continuazione di una solida collaborazione che porterà un europeo sulla Luna».

«Artemis III amplierà i confini delle operazioni spaziali in orbita. La nomina dell’astronauta dell’Esa Luca Parmitano a pilota riflette la profonda competenza europea nel campo dei voli spaziali con equipaggio umano e fa leva sulla sua vasta esperienza operativa in situazioni di forte pressione», ha detto Josef Aschbacher, direttore generale dell’Esa. «Allo stesso tempo, il Modulo di servizio europeo (Esm) dell’Esa fornirà ancora una volta le capacità fondamentali che alimentano Orion, dimostrando il ruolo duraturo dell’Europa nel cuore stesso del programma Artemis. La notizia giunta oggi da Houston è un forte riconoscimento del ruolo dell’Esa nel rendere possibile il ritorno dell’umanità sulla Luna – e un progresso chiave nella nostra collaborazione con la Nasa. Gli europei possono essere orgogliosi di far parte di questo emozionante viaggio».

Fonte: press release Esa

La dichiarazione di Luca Parmitano (in inglese) sul canale YouTube dell’Esa:

 

Gli astronomi sanno ormai da quasi trent’anni che al centro di ogni grande galassia si nasconde un enorme buco nero supermassiccio con una massa che può variare da milioni a miliardi di volte quella del Sole. Sebbene questi oggetti celesti siano spesso descritti come divoratori cosmici capaci di inghiottire tutto ciò che si trova nelle loro vicinanze, in realtà non tutta la materia che cade verso di loro finisce oltre l’orizzonte degli eventi. Una parte può essere infatti espulsa sotto forma di potenti venti. È proprio uno di questi deflussi ad aver stabilito un nuovo record osservativo.

Studiando il quasar J2318, una galassia attiva situata nella costellazione di Pegaso, un team guidato da ricercatori della York University ha infatti individuato un vento che raggiunge i 90mila chilometri al secondo, pari al 30 per cento della velocità della luce: il più rapido deflusso di gas mai osservato alle lunghezze d’onda dell’ultravioletto.

Si tratta di una velocità da record, che gli autori hanno voluto sottolineare già nel titolo dello studio che riporta la scoperta, con un richiamo alla celebre saga cinematografica Fast & Furious: “A New Member of the Fast and Furious Family: A Relativistic and Time-variable UV Outflow in a Luminous Quasar”. Il risultato della ricerca, pubblicato la settimana scorsa su The Astrophysical Journal, fornisce nuovi indizi sul modo in cui i buchi neri supermassicci influenzano l’evoluzione delle galassie che li ospitano.

I quasar sono tra gli oggetti più luminosi dell’universo. La loro enorme emissione di radiazione nasce dal disco di accrescimento che circonda il buco nero, una struttura composta da gas surriscaldato che spiraleggia verso il centro dell’oggetto compatto. Proprio questa intensa radiazione può esercitare una pressione sufficiente a spingere parte del materiale in caduta verso l’esterno.

«Il quasar ospita un buco nero con una massa di circa 1,7 miliardi di volte quella del Sole, un valore del tutto normale per questi oggetti», dice uno dei coautori dello studio, Patrick Hall, della York University. «Ciò che non è normale è il gas che vediamo muoversi verso di noi: viaggia a una velocità pari al 30 per cento di quella della luce».

«Spesso osserviamo venti di materia emessi dal buco nero dalla luce del quasar», ricorda il primo autore dello studio. Lucas Seaton, della York University. «Alle lunghezze d’onda dei raggi X si osservano venti ancora più veloci di questo, ma J2318 è il più veloce mai scoperto alle lunghezze d’onda dell’ultravioletto».

Le osservazioni hanno mostrato, infatti, che il gas viene espulso a 90mila chilometri al secondo: una velocità che, come anticipato, ne fa il più rapido deflusso mai osservato nell’ultravioletto in prossimità di un buco nero supermassiccio.

Da anni gli studi mostrano come la radiazione prodotta dal disco di accrescimento di un buco nero supermassiccio possa spingere il gas verso l’esterno. A differenza dei venti terrestri, generati da differenze di pressione atmosferica, quelli dei quasar sono infatti alimentati direttamente dalla luce. I fotoni trasferiscono una piccolissima quantità di moto agli atomi del gas e, quando il numero di fotoni è enorme, come nel caso di un quasar, l’effetto complessivo può accelerare il gas a velocità impressionanti.

«I quasar emettono così tanti fotoni che questi piccoli impulsi si sommano fino a raggiungere velocità estreme», spiega a questo proposito Seaton. «Il problema è che i fotoni possono anche strappare tutti gli elettroni dagli atomi, rendendoli invisibili. Capire come il gas possa essere accelerato fino alle velocità che osserviamo mantenendo, allo stesso tempo, intatti gli ioni che rileviamo rappresenta ancora un enigma».

Il quasar J2318 è stato individuato grazie ai dati raccolti nell’ambito di due sottoprogrammi della Sloan Digital Sky Survey, uno dei più grandi programmi di mappatura astronomica mai realizzati: il Time-Domain Spectroscopic Survey della quarta campagna osservativa (Sdss-IV) e il Black Hole Mapper della quinta campagna osservativa (Sdss-V). A notare per prima le caratteristiche insolite della galassia attiva è stata Marianna Veltri, sll’epoca studentessa universitaria, oggi ricercatrice al Dipartimento di fisica e astronomia della York University. Analizzando più nel dettaglio gli spettri di luce, il team si è reso conto di avere di fronte qualcosa di eccezionale: il vento più veloce mai osservato nell’ultravioletto in prossimità di un buco nero supermassiccio. Osservazioni di follow-up con il telescopio Gemini North, alle Hawaii, hanno confermato la natura estrema del deflusso.

Oltre al record osservativo, il risultato dello studio offre nuovi indizi su uno dei processi più importanti dell’evoluzione galattica: il cosiddetto feedback dei nuclei galattici attivi, il processo attraverso il quale l’energia prodotta nelle regioni centrali delle galassie influenza l’ambiente circostante, regolando la formazione stellare e l’evoluzione stessa delle galassie.

«I deflussi estremi trasportano enormi quantità di energia e possono influenzare profondamente le galassie che li ospitano», dice a questo proposito Paola Rodríguez Hidalgo, ricercatrice all’Università di Washington Bothell, negli Usa, e coautrice della ricerca. «Questi venti potrebbero dunque rappresentare il collegamento tra il buco nero attivo al centro di una galassia e il resto della galassia stessa. Questo processo è incluso nelle simulazioni di formazione galattica da decenni, ma resta ancora molto da comprendere attraverso le osservazioni per verificare che i modelli lo descrivano correttamente».

I ricercatori intendono ora proseguire la caccia a fenomeni simili. Le ricerche di altri quasar con venti estremamente veloci sono infatti già in corso. Non sarà facile trovare nell’ultravioletto un deflusso più rapido di quello di J2318, concludono i ricercatori, ma continuiamo a cercare questi fenomeni, dall’universo vicino fino alle regioni più lontane che siamo in grado di osservare.

Per saperne di più:

• Leggi su The Astrophysical Journal l’articolo “A New Member of the Fast and Furious Family: A Relativistic and Time-variable UV Outflow in a Luminous Quasar” di Lucas M. Seaton, Patrick B. Hall, Liliana Flores, Paola Rodríguez Hidalgo, Marianna Veltri, Zezhou Zhu, Javier Serna, W. Niel Brandt, Scott Anderson, Roberto J. Assef, Eduardo Bañados, Catherine J. Grier, Yasaman Homayouni, Sean Morrison, C. Alenka Negrete, Amy L. Rankine, Jessie Runnoe, Donald P. Schneider, Yue Shen, Matthew Temple, Benny Trakhtenbrot, Jonathan R. Trump ed Erik Weiss

 

Se qualcosa non si vede, non è detto che non ci sia. Come i trucchi degli illusionisti, o il lavoro invisibile di chi rassetta e riordina case, uffici e camere d’alberghi. Aguzzando la vista, se ne possono scorgere gli effetti – effetti indiretti su ciò che invece vediamo chiaramente. Succede anche nell’universo, dove una gran parte della massa sembra mancare all’appello ma (molto probabilmente) esiste, anche se non interagisce con la luce e dunque non possiamo osservarla con i telescopi.

Parliamo della materia oscura, quella componente che – a conti fatti – sembra essere ubiqua nel cosmo, superando di ben cinque volte la più banale materia “ordinaria”, quella visibile, per capirci, di cui son fatti stelle, pianeti e pure i nostri miseri corpi mortali. Una componente che è invisibile, sì, ma non si nasconde troppo bene: con la materia visibile, infatti, ci interagisce eccome, attraverso la gravità, lasciando qua e là segni di un camouflage non del tutto riuscito.

Il satellite Euclid dell’Agenzia spaziale europea, lanciato nel 2023 per studiare proprio la materia oscura – insieme alla sua controparte ancor più misteriosa, l’energia oscura – ha prodotto il suo primo risultato in questa direzione: la mappa della materia oscura in un ammasso di galassie. In particolare, si tratta di Abell 2390, un ammasso che contiene poco meno di un centinaio di galassie, la cui luce ha viaggiato per 2,7 miliardi di anni prima di raggiungere il telescopio spaziale, che l’ha studiato nell’ambito del programma di Early Release Observations, i cui dati sono stati resi pubblici a maggio 2024.

Gli ammassi di galassie sono le più grandi strutture cosmiche tenute insieme dalla mutua gravità: contengono fino a centinaia o migliaia di galassie, amalgamate da enormi quantità di gas caldo con temperature di milioni di gradi e, si sospetta, da un ammontare ancor più grande di invisibile materia oscura. Questa ingente quantità di massa deforma il tessuto dello spaziotempo circostante, come previsto dalla teoria della relatività generale di Einstein, curvando il percorso di qualsiasi corpo si trovi a passare nelle vicinanze. Compresa la luce che proviene da galassie ancora più lontane.

L’effetto, dimostrato per la prima volta durante l’eclissi di Sole del 1919, si chiama lensing gravitazionale: i corpi dotati di massa – come il Sole, nel caso dell’eclissi di un secolo fa, oppure il portentoso ammasso di galassie osservato da Euclid – si comportano proprio come una lente d’ingrandimento, deformando le immagini di ciò che osserviamo “dietro” di loro. Queste distorsioni sono i “segni” lasciati dalla materia oscura su quella visibile: da esse possiamo intuire l’entità dell’oggetto che le ha indotte, che sia fatto esso di materia ordinaria, oscura, o una combinazione delle due.

Le lenti gravitazionali più spettacolari, dette lenti “forti”, producono immagini multiple della stessa sorgente e trasformano le galassie distanti in una moltitudine di archi, archetti e addirittura anelli. Nella maggior parte dei casi, tuttavia, la deflessione è minuscola e si riesce a stimare solo statisticamente, misurando con grandissima precisione la forma di un immenso numero di galassie: in questo caso, si parla di lensing gravitazionale debole.

È questo uno dei metodi con cui la missione Euclid sta sondando il “lato oscuro” dell’universo, mappando oltre un miliardo di galassie, stimando le loro posizioni e calcolando quanta parte della loro forma è intrinseca e quanta dovuta, invece, all’effetto di lente gravitazionale della materia che la loro luce ha incontrato nel lungo tragitto attraverso il cosmo. L’obiettivo è dedurre la distribuzione della materia oscura su grande scala, che causa questo sottile effetto di lente gravitazionale debole diffuso, detto in gergo cosmic shear. Per cominciare, però, ha iniziato a farlo su scala più piccola: quella di un singolo ammasso di galassie.

«La grande capacità di Euclid nel misurare la massa degli ammassi di galassie attraverso il lensing gravitazionale risulta cruciale per utilizzare l’evoluzione cosmica del numero di ammassi individuati nella survey per un censimento globale delle componenti oscure dell’universo», racconta a Media Inaf  Piero Rosati, professore all’Università di Ferrara e coautore del nuovo studio, pubblicato su Astronomy & Astrophysics.

«Il nostro studio pilota dimostra che le immagini profonde e nitide fornite da Euclid ci permettono di tracciare queste distorsioni di lensing gravitazionale debole con eccellente precisione», spiega Tim Schrabback, professore all’Università di Innsbruck e primo autore dell’articolo. La mappa rivela un pattern vagamente circolare intorno al centro dell’ammasso, che permette di stimarne il campo gravitazionale e, da esso, la distribuzione della massa totale, costituita per la maggior parte parte di (altrimenti invisibile) materia oscura.

L’anno scorso era già stata pubblicata un’analisi preliminare del fenomeno basata sui dati di Euclid in due ammassi di galassie, compreso lo stesso Abell 2390, del quale questo lavoro approfondisce l’indagine. «In questo articolo si sfrutta l’effetto del lensing nel regime debole, associato alle regioni esterne degli ammassi», aggiunge Rosati. «In quelle interne invece agisce il cosiddetto “regime forte” che permette di mappare in dettaglio la distribuzione di materia oscura negli ammassi, fornendo un controllo indipendente della loro massa». All’effetto di lensing gravitazionale forte prodotto da Abell 2390 era stato dedicato anche un altro lavoro lo scorso anno, basato sugli stessi dati di Euclid in combinazione con osservazioni spettroscopiche dello strumento Muse al Very Large Telescope dell’Eso, in Cile, guidato da Davide Abriola dell’Università di Milano, i cui risultati sono ora stati confermati da un nuovo esame che analizza entrambi gli effetti – lensing debole e forte – sotto la guida di Jose Diego dell’Instituto de Física de Cantabria.

Non essendo possibile stimare l’impatto del lensing gravitazionale debole dall’osservazione di una singola galassia, poiché non se ne conosce la forma intrinseca, i ricercatori non hanno scelta: devono osservarne quante più possibile. «Misuriamo le forme di migliaia di galassie», nota il coautore Giuseppe Congedo, ricercatore all’Università di Edimburgo, che ha sviluppato il metodo per stimare la forma delle galassie usato in questo lavoro. «Le distorsioni gravitazionali, quello che chiamiamo shear, possono quindi essere rilevate come allineamenti netti locali nelle ellitticità delle galassie». La ricerca ha analizzato la forma di 50mila galassie situate più lontano da noi rispetto all’ammasso: solo queste, infatti, subiscono l’effetto di lente gravitazionale, e devono essere selezionate accuratamente. La selezione è stata realizzata stimando la distanza delle galassie sulla base di osservazioni in diverse lunghezze d’onda della luce visibile e infrarossa, ottenute sia con Euclid che con il telescopio Subaru, alle Hawai’i.

I risultati ottenuti su Abell 2390 sono in accordo con studi analoghi compiuti in passato utilizzando immagini di telescopi spaziali, come Hubble, per esempio. Lo studio dimostra così le potenzialità di Euclid – che con un campo di vista 180 volte più grande rispetto a quello di Hubble scansionerà oltre un terzo del cielo – nella stima del lensing gravitazionale debole causato da ammassi di galassie e dalla struttura cosmica su grande scala, per tracciare la crescita delle strutture nel corso della storia dell’universo.

Per saperne di più:

• Leggi su Astronomy & Astrophysics l’articolo “Euclid: Early Release Observations – Weak gravitational lensing analysis of Abell 2390” di T. Schrabback et al.
• Leggi su Astronomy & Astrophysics l’articolo “Euclid: Early Release Observations – A combined strong and weak lensing solution for Abell 2390 beyond its virial radius” di J. M. Diego et al.
• Leggi su Astronomy & Astrophysics l’articolo “Parametric strong lensing model of the galaxy cluster Abell 2390 from Euclid and Muse observations” di D. Abriola et al.
• Leggi su Astronomy & Astrophysics l’articolo “Euclid: Early Release Observations – A preview of the Euclid era through a galaxy cluster magnifying lens” di H. Atek et al.

A period of unsettled weather brought scattered showers and thunderstorms to California’s Bay Area on May 27, 2026. That afternoon, a break in the clouds left downtown San Francisco and nearby communities beneath mostly cloud-free skies, allowing an astronaut aboard the International Space Station to take this photograph.

The image captures two of the region’s iconic bridges. The Golden Gate Bridge connects the northern San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County to the north, while the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge spans the bay toward Oakland to the east.  

Near the center of the image, Golden Gate Park stands out as a long, rectangular strip of green amid the dense urban landscape. Spanning more than 1,000 acres (400 hectares), the park encompasses meadows, gardens, wooded areas, and lakes. Additional green space toward the north around the Golden Gate Bridge is part of a national recreation area. 

The nadir (downward-looking) perspective also provides a clear view of the patchwork of street grids, which were laid out over San Francisco’s hilly terrain as the city grew in successive stages. In the heart of the downtown area, Market Street runs southwest to northeast and serves as a prominent divider between two distinct grid orientations: one aligned with the bay and the other aligned with the street.  

Along the northeastern and eastern waterfront, various structures extend into the bay. Toward the north, these include a historic wharf, seawalls, and piers—most built in the early 1900s, though some date back into the 1800s. The adjacent waters support heavy maritime traffic, including cargo and container ships, cruise vessels, and regional ferries.

Breaking waves are visible along the western coast, including at Ocean Beach, the 3.5-mile stretch of sandy shore adjacent to Golden Gate Park. On May 27, the National Weather Service warned of hazardous conditions at the region’s beaches due to strong northerly winds. Long-period swells from the northwest contributed to the increased risk of rip currents as well as sneaker waves in the days after this image was acquired.

Astronaut photograph ISS074-E-619284 was acquired on May 27, 2026, with a Nikon Z9 digital camera using a focal length of 800 millimeters. It is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit at NASA Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 74 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Story by Kathryn Hansen.

References & Resources

• California State Parks, Port of San Francisco Embarcadero Historic District. Accessed June 8, 2026.
• National Park Service, Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Accessed June 8, 2026.
• NWS Bay Area via X (2026, May 27) Heading to the beach tomorrow? Accessed June 8, 2026.
• NWS Bay Area via X (2026, May 27) Radar Update: Showers with brief downpours and some isolated thunderstorms are winding down. Accessed June 8, 2026.
• NWS Bay Area via X (2026, May 26) The ocean is not your friend today and tomorrow! Accessed June 8, 2026.
• San Francisco Recreation & Parks, Discover Golden Gate Park. Accessed June 8, 2026.

A period of unsettled weather brought scattered showers and thunderstorms to California’s Bay Area on May 27, 2026. That afternoon, a break in the clouds left downtown San Francisco and nearby communities beneath mostly cloud-free skies, allowing an astronaut aboard the International Space Station to take this photograph.

The image captures two of the region’s iconic bridges. The Golden Gate Bridge connects the northern San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County to the north, while the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge spans the bay toward Oakland to the east.  

Near the center of the image, Golden Gate Park stands out as a long, rectangular strip of green amid the dense urban landscape. Spanning more than 1,000 acres (400 hectares), the park encompasses meadows, gardens, wooded areas, and lakes. Additional green space toward the north around the Golden Gate Bridge is part of a national recreation area. 

The nadir (downward-looking) perspective also provides a clear view of the patchwork of street grids, which were laid out over San Francisco’s hilly terrain as the city grew in successive stages. In the heart of the downtown area, Market Street runs southwest to northeast and serves as a prominent divider between two distinct grid orientations: one aligned with the bay and the other aligned with the street.  

Along the northeastern and eastern waterfront, various structures extend into the bay. Toward the north, these include a historic wharf, seawalls, and piers—most built in the early 1900s, though some date back into the 1800s. The adjacent waters support heavy maritime traffic, including cargo and container ships, cruise vessels, and regional ferries.

Breaking waves are visible along the western coast, including at Ocean Beach, the 3.5-mile stretch of sandy shore adjacent to Golden Gate Park. On May 27, the National Weather Service warned of hazardous conditions at the region’s beaches due to strong northerly winds. Long-period swells from the northwest contributed to the increased risk of rip currents as well as sneaker waves in the days after this image was acquired.

Astronaut photograph ISS074-E-619284 was acquired on May 27, 2026, with a Nikon Z9 digital camera using a focal length of 800 millimeters. It is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit at NASA Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 74 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Story by Kathryn Hansen.

References & Resources

• California State Parks, Port of San Francisco Embarcadero Historic District. Accessed June 8, 2026.
• National Park Service, Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Accessed June 8, 2026.
• NWS Bay Area via X (2026, May 27) Heading to the beach tomorrow? Accessed June 8, 2026.
• NWS Bay Area via X (2026, May 27) Radar Update: Showers with brief downpours and some isolated thunderstorms are winding down. Accessed June 8, 2026.
• NWS Bay Area via X (2026, May 26) The ocean is not your friend today and tomorrow! Accessed June 8, 2026.
• San Francisco Recreation & Parks, Discover Golden Gate Park. Accessed June 8, 2026.

As the FIFA World Cup approaches, NASA is bringing space science and engineering to soccer fans worldwide. From June 11 to July 19, 2026, NASA will host an exhibit at FIFA Fan Festival™ Houston where visitors can learn how research aboard the International Space Station benefits life on Earth and experience missions in low Earth orbit, the Moon, and beyond through the Artemis program. 

On June 11, as the FIFA World Cup begins, NASA’s exhibit at Fan Festival Houston will open to the public. The event is free to attend and open for every match of the tournament in East Downtown, Houston. On June 20, Johnson Space Center Director Vanessa Wyche will introduce select Artemis II crew members following their historic mission around the Moon. The crew will participate in World Cup activities ahead of the Netherlands-Sweden match in Houston and will appear on the Fan Festival Houston main stage to share their experience with fans. 

The connection between NASA and the World Cup goes beyond the exhibit floor, reaching all the way to orbit. NASA spinoff technologies are innovations developed for space exploration that go on to shape commercial products and everyday life – even on the soccer field. 

For more than 25 years, research aboard the International Space Station has enabled breakthroughs in science, technology, and human health while advancing innovations that benefit people on Earth. That work includes studies that improve understanding of the aerodynamics and physics involved in soccer ball flight. 

In partnership with the ISS National Laboratory in 2019, researchers used the station’s microgravity environment to study how a soccer ball’s internal mass affects its motion, stability, and rotation. The findings have improved understanding of how embedded technologies, including match-ball sensors, can influence performance during play. The research contributed to studies used in the development and evaluation of soccer balls for major international tournaments, including FIFA World Cup competition. 

Understanding the relationship between an object’s center of mass and its geometric center is key to predicting how free-flying objects move, including spacecraft, satellites, and aircraft. 

Since 2022, Adidas has embedded electronics inside official match balls used in major tournaments. The sensors track speed, position, and contact in real time to support officiating and broadcast technology. But those sensors also add mass in specific locations inside the ball, and uneven mass distribution can affect how a ball moves through the air. 

The space-based research has helped improve understanding of how internal mass, including embedded sensors, can influence stability and rotation in real-world playing conditions. 

This work builds on earlier research into how spinning objects behave in microgravity. 

Engineers at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley, California tested Adidas’ Brazuca ball, developed for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, in wind tunnel conditions at the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory. Researchers studied aerodynamic behavior, including how low-spin kicks can produce “knuckling,” where the ball moves unpredictably due to unstable airflow across the seams. NASA engineers measured the speeds and flow conditions where this effect was most pronounced. 

Adjustments in panel shape, seam depth, and surface texture can influence flight consistency, helping determine whether a ball curves, dips, or holds its line during play. 

Now, NASA and Adidas are presenting that science through a STEMonstration that compares how differently balanced soccer balls spin and move in microgravity. The experiment shows how the same physics that governs motion in space also shape the game millions watch on Earth. 

Through research aboard the International Space Station and technology developed for exploration, NASA continues to demonstrate how discoveries made for space can benefit people on Earth—including athletes and fans participating in the world’s most popular sport. 

Watch the soccer ball STEMonstration video: 

💾

As the FIFA World Cup approaches, NASA is bringing space science and engineering to soccer fans worldwide. From June 11 to July 19, 2026, NASA will host an exhibit at FIFA Fan Festival™ Houston where visitors can learn how research aboard the International Space Station benefits life on Earth and experience missions in low Earth orbit, the Moon, and beyond through the Artemis program. 

On June 11, as the FIFA World Cup begins, NASA’s exhibit at Fan Festival Houston will open to the public. The event is free to attend and open for every match of the tournament in East Downtown, Houston. On June 20, Johnson Space Center Director Vanessa Wyche will introduce select Artemis II crew members following their historic mission around the Moon. The crew will participate in World Cup activities ahead of the Netherlands-Sweden match in Houston and will appear on the Fan Festival Houston main stage to share their experience with fans. 

The connection between NASA and the World Cup goes beyond the exhibit floor, reaching all the way to orbit. NASA spinoff technologies are innovations developed for space exploration that go on to shape commercial products and everyday life – even on the soccer field. 

For more than 25 years, research aboard the International Space Station has enabled breakthroughs in science, technology, and human health while advancing innovations that benefit people on Earth. That work includes studies that improve understanding of the aerodynamics and physics involved in soccer ball flight. 

In partnership with the ISS National Laboratory in 2019, researchers used the station’s microgravity environment to study how a soccer ball’s internal mass affects its motion, stability, and rotation. The findings have improved understanding of how embedded technologies, including match-ball sensors, can influence performance during play. The research contributed to studies used in the development and evaluation of soccer balls for major international tournaments, including FIFA World Cup competition. 

Understanding the relationship between an object’s center of mass and its geometric center is key to predicting how free-flying objects move, including spacecraft, satellites, and aircraft. 

Since 2022, Adidas has embedded electronics inside official match balls used in major tournaments. The sensors track speed, position, and contact in real time to support officiating and broadcast technology. But those sensors also add mass in specific locations inside the ball, and uneven mass distribution can affect how a ball moves through the air. 

The space-based research has helped improve understanding of how internal mass, including embedded sensors, can influence stability and rotation in real-world playing conditions. 

This work builds on earlier research into how spinning objects behave in microgravity. 

Engineers at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley, California tested Adidas’ Brazuca ball, developed for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, in wind tunnel conditions at the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory. Researchers studied aerodynamic behavior, including how low-spin kicks can produce “knuckling,” where the ball moves unpredictably due to unstable airflow across the seams. NASA engineers measured the speeds and flow conditions where this effect was most pronounced. 

Adjustments in panel shape, seam depth, and surface texture can influence flight consistency, helping determine whether a ball curves, dips, or holds its line during play. 

Now, NASA and Adidas are presenting that science through a STEMonstration that compares how differently balanced soccer balls spin and move in microgravity. The experiment shows how the same physics that governs motion in space also shape the game millions watch on Earth. 

Through research aboard the International Space Station and technology developed for exploration, NASA continues to demonstrate how discoveries made for space can benefit people on Earth—including athletes and fans participating in the world’s most popular sport. 

Watch the soccer ball STEMonstration video: 

💾

NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft completed its first supersonic flight Friday, June 5, 2026, marking the first time the aircraft exceeded the speed of sound in support of NASA’s Quesst mission. The milestone represents a major step in flight testing as the aircraft expands into the supersonic portion of its flight envelope.

Da decenni, in fisica si cerca una quinta forza: un’ipotetica nuova interazione fondamentale oltre alle quattro già note – la gravità, l’interazione elettromagnetica e le forze nucleari debole e forte. Una quinta forza potrebbe manifestarsi come una piccola deviazione dalla legge di gravitazione di Newton, per esempio a distanze molto piccole, ed è normalmente descritta attraverso due parametri: la sua intensità e il suo raggio d’azione.

Finora, queste possibili forze sono state trattate soprattutto come possibilità aperte, da verificare sperimentalmente con misure di precisione. Un nuovo studio, guidato dal ricercatore Alfio Bonanno dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (Inaf) a Catania e associato Infn insieme a Emiliano M. Glaviano, dottorando Inaf presso l’Università di Catania e anch’egli associato Infn, indica però che non tutte queste possibilità sono compatibili con una teoria della gravità quantistica matematicamente coerente.

Il lavoro si inserisce nel quadro della cosiddetta “sicurezza asintotica”, un nuovo programma teorico iniziato alla fine degli anni ’70 dal premio Nobel Steven Weinberg. Secondo questo concetto, la gravità può rimanere consistente fino a energie arbitrariamente elevate grazie all’esistenza di un particolare regime quantistico nel quale l’attrazione gravitazionale smette di aumentare, raggiungendo un comportamento controllato ad altissime energie. In questo ambito, richiedendo che la teoria resti valida e predittiva fino a quelle scale – una proprietà detta “completezza ultravioletta” – i ricercatori hanno trovato che solo una combinazione limitata dei possibili parametri osservabili delle quinte forze può essere realizzata. Il resto viene escluso su basi teoriche, indipendentemente dagli esperimenti. I risultati sono pubblicati su Physical Review Letters.

«L’aspetto più interessante è che parte della regione esclusa teoricamente non è ancora stata esplorata sperimentalmente», spiega Bonanno. «Questo significa che future misure di alta precisione della gravitazione potrebbero testare direttamente – e potenzialmente falsificare – questa classe di modelli ispirati alla gravità quantistica. La novità del nostro lavoro è mostrare quantitativamente come un requisito di coerenza alle altissime energie possa tradursi in vincoli osservabili a basse energie e a distanze macroscopiche, anche planetarie».

Di solito, in fisica, prima si ipotizzano nuove forze e poi si cerca di capire se gli esperimenti riescono a vederle oppure no. In questo caso, il ragionamento è stato diverso: la teoria stessa “scarta” automaticamente alcune possibilità. Una parte di queste “regioni” escluse non è ancora stata raggiunta dagli esperimenti attuali: si apre quindi la possibilità di futuri test della gravità quantistica attraverso misure di precisione della gravitazione.

«Il nostro studio mostra che la gravità quantistica potrebbe non essere soltanto una teoria valida a energie estreme e irraggiungibili, ma avere conseguenze concrete e testabili anche a scale molto più grandi», aggiunge Glaviano. «La fisica delle distanze infinitamente piccole potrebbe lasciare tracce osservabili nel mondo macroscopico: alcune possibili nuove forze della natura sarebbero escluse non dagli esperimenti, ma direttamente dalle leggi fondamentali della teoria».

Tra i possibili test futuri rientrano principalmente misure di precisione della gravitazione: esperimenti di laboratorio a corta distanza, come bilance di torsione e dispositivi analoghi per cercare deviazioni dalla legge di Newton; tecniche emergenti come l’interferometria atomica o i sensori quantistici; misure su scale astronomiche o del Sistema solare, come il lunar laser ranging e i vincoli dalla dinamica planetaria.

Il nuovo lavoro mette in relazione fenomeni che avvengono su scale estremamente diverse: dalla fisica delle distanze infinitamente piccole, dove dovrebbe emergere la gravità quantistica, fino a effetti potenzialmente osservabili su scale macroscopiche e astronomiche. In prospettiva, risultati di questo tipo potrebbero contribuire a orientare la progettazione di nuovi esperimenti e strategie osservative per la ricerca di possibili quinte forze.

«Una delle difficoltà principali è stata superare un blocco soprattutto concettuale: la gravità quantistica viene spesso vista come un argomento estremamente astratto, quasi impossibile da collegare a fenomeni osservabili», conclude Bonanno. «Per certi versi è come trovarsi davanti a una parete in montagna che tutti considerano non scalabile. Il primo passo non è tecnico, ma mentale: convincersi che una via possibile esista davvero. Il lavoro nasce proprio da questa idea: cercare un collegamento concreto tra la fisica delle scale infinitamente piccole e fenomeni potenzialmente osservabili nel mondo reale».

Per saperne di più:

• Leggi su Physical Review Letters l’articolo “Fifth-Force Constraints from UV-Complete Scalar–Tensor Gravity” di Alfio M. Bonanno ed Emiliano M. Glaviano

 

I buchi neri supermassicci al centro delle galassie sono noti per la loro capacità di attrarre e inglobare quello che si trova nelle loro vicinanze. Non tutta la materia che vi cade dentro viene tuttavia divorata. Una parte viene infatti espulsa nell’ambiente circostante: mentre il gas spiraleggia verso il buco nero, esso accelera progressivamente fino a raggiungere velocità prossime a quella della luce; questo processo produce energia e pressione sufficienti a scagliare una parte del materiale verso l’esterno, sotto forma di potenti venti.

Sebbene si ritenga che questi deflussi di materia siano prodotti da tutti i buchi neri supermassicci, finora nessuno è riuscito a osservare venti attivi provenienti dal buco nero di circa quattro milioni di masse solari residente al centro della nostra galassia, la Via Lattea – quello “fotografato” per la prima volta nel 2022: Sagittarius A*.

Finora, appunto. Dopo oltre mezzo secolo dalla scoperta di Sgr A*, avvenuta nei primi anni del 1970, due astrofisici della Northwestern University sono finalmente riusciti nell’impresa. Utilizzando l’array di radiotelescopi Alma, i ricercatori hanno trovato la prova dell’esistenza di un vento attivo generato dal buco nero, risolvendo uno dei misteri più longevi dell’astrofisica moderna e aprendo al tempo stesso una nuova finestra sui processi fisici che avvengono nel cuore della nostra galassia. Lo studio è stato pubblicato la settimana scorsa su The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Per ottenere questo risultato, Mark Gorski e Lena Murchikova, del Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics della Northwestern University, hanno utilizzato i dati raccolti con Alma in cinque anni di osservazioni. La loro analisi ha fornito la mappa più dettagliata mai prodotta del gas molecolare freddo che circonda il buco nero.

L’immagine mostra il gas situato vicino a Sgr A*, a una distanza di appena un parsec – circa tre anni luce – dal buco nero. Applicando una sofisticata tecnica di calibrazione per eliminare i segnali radio provenienti dal buco nero, i ricercatori sono riusciti a ottenere un’immagine cento volte più profonda e ottanta volte più nitida rispetto alle precedenti mappe della stessa regione.

Proprio questa elevata qualità ha permesso di rivelare una struttura mai osservata prima: un’enorme cavità a forma di cono, estesa per quasi un parsec e ampia circa 45 gradi, completamente svuotata del gas molecolare freddo che circonda l’area: l’impronta del vento caldo ricercato da oltre cinquant’anni dai ricercatori.

«A meno che non si trovi in un vuoto perfetto – e  nell’universo il vuoto perfetto non esiste –  un buco nero deve produrre in qualche modo un vento», sottolinea Gorski. «Grazie a queste nuove osservazioni, abbiamo finalmente ottenuto una visione abbastanza nitida da individuarne l’impronta. Guardando i dati abbiamo pensato: eccolo, è proprio ciò che tutti stavano cercando da cinquant’anni».

Secondo i ricercatori, solo un vento proveniente da Sgr A* avrebbe potuto infatti creare questa regione cava: un vento talmente energetico da spazzare via il materiale circostante o da riscaldarlo a tal punto da renderlo invisibile alle osservazioni.

«Se del materiale caldo viene espulso dal buco nero, non può coesistere con il gas freddo», dice a questo proposito Gorski. «O lo spinge via oppure lo riscalda. E quando il gas diventa troppo caldo, semplicemente non lo vediamo più».

Rispetto a quanto ipotizzato dai modelli e confermato dalle osservazioni di altri Agn, questo risultato conferma dunque che il buco nero al centro della nostra galassia non è un’eccezione alla regola. «Siamo stati i primi a mostrare che il gas molecolare molto vicino al buco nero lo sta alimentando», spiega Murchikova. «Il vento che Sagittarius A* produce non è particolarmente potente e probabilmente la sua direzione cambia nel tempo. Questo dimostra che il nostro buco nero non è un caso unico e che il nostro posto nell’universo non ha nulla di speciale».

Nello studio, i ricercatori hanno preso in considerazione anche altri possibili scenari per spiegare l’origine della cavità, tra cui l’azione dei venti prodotti dalle stelle vicine. I loro calcoli mostrano però che l’energia necessaria per scavare una struttura di quelle dimensioni è molto superiore a quella che l’intera popolazione stellare presente nella regione sarebbe in grado di fornire. Di conseguenza, l’ipotesi più plausibile resta quella del vento proveniente da Sagittarius A*.

«Si tratta di una quantità enorme di materiale mancante», osserva Gorski. «Abbiamo calcolato quanta energia sarebbe necessaria per scavare questa cavità e il valore ottenuto supera di gran lunga quella che potrebbe essere fornita dalle stelle presenti nella regione. Deve quindi esserci un contributo del buco nero supermassiccio. Inoltre, se si osserva la forma del cono, si nota che punta direttamente verso il buco nero».

Per rafforzare ulteriormente questa interpretazione, i ricercatori hanno confrontato i propri dati con quelli ottenuti da precedenti osservazioni con il telescopio spaziale a raggi X Chandra della Nasa.

«Affermazioni straordinarie richiedono prove straordinarie», sottolinea Gorski. «Volevamo essere certi di non trovarci di fronte a un artefatto delle immagini. Poi l’immagine ai raggi X di Chandra si è inserita perfettamente. Le caratteristiche  molecolari coincidevano». Le immagini di Chandra mostrano infatti intense emissioni X esattamente nella stessa regione in cui manca il gas freddo.

In base all’estensione degli effetti osservati su un vicino flusso di gas ionizzato, gli autori stimano che questo vento sia attivo da almeno 20mila anni. Lo studio suggerisce inoltre che Sgr A* sia relativamente tranquillo rispetto ai buchi neri supermassicci al centro di altre galassie, offrendoci un’importante lezione sull’evoluzione dei buchi neri supermassicci: sebbene siamo abituati a osservare nuclei galattici estremamente attivi e luminosi, ciò è vero soltanto per brevi fasi della loro esistenza.

«La maggior parte delle galassie trascorre gran parte della propria vita in uno stato relativamente tranquillo», conclude Murchikova. «Noi però tendiamo a notarle quando attraversano fasi spettacolari, simili a fuochi d’artificio cosmici. Sagittarius A* ci offre finalmente l’opportunità di studiare un buco nero nella sua condizione più comune: quella di apparente quiete».

Per saperne di più:

• Leggi su The Astrophysical Journal Letters l’articolo “The Discovery of an Active Wind from the Milky Way’s Central Black Hole” di Mark D. Gorski e Lena Murchikova

A chi non è mai capitato di perdersi a osservare le nuvole e riconoscere, tra cirri e cumuli, la forma di un animale, di un volto umano o di una creatura fantastica? Si chiama pareidolia ed è il meccanismo per cui il cervello umano tende a riconoscere forme familiari – un volto, un animale, una figura qualsiasi – in profili casuali. Ecco, la stessa cosa può accadere anche osservando immagini astronomiche, come quella che vedete qui – Immagine della Settimana dell’Eso – ottenuta con il Vlt Survey Telescope (Vst), che oggi celebra il 15esimo anniversario della sua prima luce. 

Queste nebulose – aggregati di polvere e gas nello spazio interstellare – si chiamano Gum 10 e Gum 11. Visibili principalmente dall’emisfero australe, fanno parte di un complesso più ampio in cui nascono le stelle. Gum 10 è la nebulosa più brillante e occupa la maggior parte dell’immagine, mentre Gum 11 è la nube più tenue e isolata in basso a sinistra. Il loro bagliore intenso deriva da una particolare interazione tra l’idrogeno e le stelle massicce e calde presenti in ciascuna nebulosa. Queste stelle emettono luce ultravioletta, con energia sufficiente a strappare gli elettroni dagli atomi, formando ioni. Gli elettroni si ricombinano con gli ioni di idrogeno, provocando l’emissione della caratteristica tonalità di luce rossa visibile nell’immagine. Le linee scure nella nebulosa sono dovute alla polvere, che blocca la luce proveniente dal fondo.

Il progetto Vst è nato da una collaborazione tra Eso e l’Osservatorio astronomico di Capodimonte (Oac) dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (Inaf). Oggi il Vst è gestito interamente dall’Inaf ed è ospitato presso l’Eso, all’Osservatorio di Paranal, in Cile. I dati alla base di questa immagine provengono da un progetto chiamato Vphas+, che utilizza il Vst per mappare il piano della nostra galassia, la Via Lattea, con l’obiettivo di comprendere meglio il ciclo di vita delle stelle.

Ma tornando all’immagine, voi che forme vedete? Un pollo che becca semi sul terreno, la testa di un drago o qualcos’altro del tutto diverso?

 

Nessuna tecnologia extraterrestre rilevata su 3I/Atlas: questo il risultato pubblicato sulla rivista The Astronomical Journal da un gruppo di ricerca del Seti Institute. L’analisi delle osservazioni radio condotte con l’Allen Telescope Array presso lo Hat Creek Radio Observatory, nella California settentrionale, ha mostrato la totale assenza di segnali riconducibili a trasmettitori extraterrestri, confermando che l’oggetto esibisce una composizione e un comportamento naturali simili a quelli di una cometa.

Scoperto a luglio 2025, 3I/Atlas è il terzo oggetto confermato proveniente da un altro sistema stellare a entrare nel Sistema solare, dopo 1I/’Oumuamua e 2I/Borisov. La sua origine interstellare rende 3I/Atlas una rara opportunità per studiare materiale esterno al Sistema solare e comprendere meglio come i sistemi planetari si formano ed evolvono. Sebbene le osservazioni indichino fortemente che 3I/Atlas sia un oggetto naturale, i visitatori interstellari sono interessanti per la ricerca di tecnofirme: un oggetto artificiale – per quanto improbabile – potrebbe rappresentare una tecnologia extraterrestre rilevabile e potenzialmente fornire la prima prova di vita oltre la Terra.

«Un giorno, le nostre navicelle Voyager diventeranno artefatti extraterrestri in altri sistemi stellari», osserva a questo proposito Sofia Sheikh, prima autrice dell’articolo. «Alla luce di ciò, è importante comprendere la distribuzione naturale degli oggetti interstellari, in modo da poter individuare eventuali anomalie che un giorno potrebbero rivelarsi segni della presenza di un oggetto interstellare artificiale».

Il team di ricerca ha osservato 3I/Atlas per più di sette ore con l’Allen Telescope Array, coprendo le bande radio da 1 a 9 gigahertz. Questa ampia gamma consente di cercare segnali radio a banda stretta, che non essendo prodotti in natura sarebbero la prova di una tecnologia. Sono stati identificati in totale quasi 74 milioni di segnali in questa banda e, dopo aver rimosso le interferenze umane e ristretto i segnali a quelli corrispondenti al movimento di 3I/Atlas, ne sono rimasti da analizzare circa duecento: tutti sono stati ricondotti a tecnologie sulla superficie terrestre o a satelliti in orbita attorno alla Terra.

Sebbene non siano stati trovati segnali riconducibili a tecnofirme, i risultati mostrano quanto sia realistico rilevare un segnale con la tecnologia che abbiamo oggi. Lo studio, inoltre, dimostra anche la rapidità di risposta dell’Allen Telescope Array nei confronti dei nuovi oggetti interstellari: le osservazioni sono iniziate, infatti, meno di un giorno dopo l’annuncio della scoperta di 3I/Atlas.

L’osservazione di questi corpi celesti aiuta gli scienziati a conoscere le proprietà naturali degli oggetti interstellari mentre viaggiano attraverso il Sistema solare. Man mano che vengono scoperti altri oggetti, ognuno di essi offre una nuova opportunità per sondare il cosmo alla ricerca di tecnofirme, facendo progredire la nostra comprensione dei fenomeni sia naturali sia potenzialmente tecnologici oltre il Sistema solare.

Per saperne di più:

• Leggi su The Astronomical Journal l’articolo “A Search for Radio Technosignatures from Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS with the Allen Telescope Array” di S. Z. Sheikh, V. Garcia Lopez, I. Gerrard, J. R. A. Davenport, W. Farah, B. Griffin, S. Croft, L. F. Cruz, I. de Pater, B. Jacobson-Bell, M. Masters, K. I. Perez, A. W. Pollak, C. Shumaker e A. Siemion

 

NASA’s experimental X-59 aircraft marked a major milestone Friday, June 5, when it flew faster than the speed of sound for the first time, setting the stage for demonstrating its quiet supersonic capabilities later this year. 

NASA test pilot Jim “Clue” Less took off and landed at Edwards Air Force Base in California, reaching a top speed of approximately Mach 1.1 (713 mph) and altitude of 43,400 feet. The X-59’s flight began at 11:08 a.m. PDT and lasted 81 minutes, with the team focusing on flying qualities at both subsonic and then supersonic speeds.  

”X-59 is getting ready for its quiet supersonic debut. Since the aircraft’s first flight on Oct. 28, 2025, the team has made tremendous progress, flying 16 times in the last 90 days and getting into a steady test rhythm. In the coming days, we expect to take the next step and push to Mach 1.4,” said NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman “I’m grateful to the NASA team and Lockheed Martin Skunk Works for their help getting us to this point, and I hope this is the first of many collaborations as we rebuild NASA’s X-plane portfolio.” 

The X-59 is designed to fly at supersonic speeds while creating only a quiet thump instead of a loud sonic boom. For this flight, a NASA F‑15 chase plane flew nearby to monitor the X‑59. The loud sonic booms from the F-15 obscured any sound made by the X-59.  

“The X-59’s first supersonic flight is a testament to America’s enduring leadership in science, engineering, and aerospace innovation,” said Michael Kratsios, Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. “This achievement comes as the Trump Administration continues work to unleash supersonic flight and enable American ingenuity.” 

This first supersonic flight is a significant milestone, but an event even more critical to the mission is upcoming. In just days, the aircraft is expected to make its first “mission conditions” flight, reaching a cruising speed of Mach 1.4 (925 mph) and altitude of approximately 55,000 feet. The X-59 also will be accompanied by a chase plane for this flight.  

This speed and altitude are the base conditions for the X-59 when it will eventually fly over several U.S. communities enabling NASA to gather data about how people may perceive its quiet thump. NASA will share this data with U.S. and international regulators to help establish new data-driven noise standards to enable a future viable market for supersonic commercial flight over land. 

For the last several months, the X-59 has been participating in an ongoing series of flights where the plane has been flying at a wide range of speeds and altitudes – a process known as envelope expansion. These tests are the first phase of the X-59’s flight testing. They are focused on performance and involve chase plane monitoring. When the aircraft completes this phase it will enter another, focused on its sound profile in order to verify its quiet thump capability.  

The X-59 is the centerpiece of NASA’s Quesst mission, which aims to demonstrate quiet supersonic flight and help enable commercial supersonic flight over land worldwide. These advancements will help travelers reach their preferred destinations faster, spending less time in the air. 

Through Quesst’s development of the X-59, NASA also will deliver design tools and technology for quiet supersonic airliners that will achieve the high speeds desired by commercial operators without disturbing people on the ground. NASA will validate design tools through ground and flight testing, providing U.S. aircraft manufacturers the ability to explore new quiet supersonic concepts, and provide them with confidence that their resulting designs will meet quiet flight requirements.  

Read more about NASA’s Quesst mission and the X-59.

💾

A year after America’s first spacewalk, Gemini IX-A Eugene Cernan stepped outside his spacecraft for an ambitious extravehicular activity scheduled for 167 minutes. The challenges he faced led NASA to reevaluate plans, equipment, and training for future spacewalks.

During its 61st close flyby of Jupiter on May 12, 2024, NASA's Juno spacecraft captured this color-enhanced view of the giant planet's northern hemisphere.

This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image features the spiral galaxy Messier 88 (M88).

Astronauts Sophie Adenot of ESA (European Space Agency) and Jack Hathaway of NASA, both Expedition 74 flight engineers, look out a window in the cupola.

Astronauts Sophie Adenot of ESA (European Space Agency) and Jack Hathaway of NASA, both Expedition 74 flight engineers, look out a window in the cupola, monitoring the automated approach and docking of the SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft to the International Space Station on May 17, 2026. The orbital outpost was soaring 259 miles above the Indian Ocean just west of the Maldives at the time of this photograph.

See the cupola and other parts of the space station in our guided tour.

Image credit: ESA/Sophie Adenot

Astronauts Sophie Adenot of ESA (European Space Agency) and Jack Hathaway of NASA, both Expedition 74 flight engineers, look out a window in the cupola, monitoring the automated approach and docking of the SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft to the International Space Station on May 17, 2026. The orbital outpost was soaring 259 miles above the Indian Ocean just west of the Maldives at the time of this photograph.

See the cupola and other parts of the space station in our guided tour.

Image credit: ESA/Sophie Adenot

This image of Westerlund 2 features Chandra X-ray Observatory data (pink) and James Webb infrared data (red, orange, green, cyan, and blue).

NASA will host a public event featuring three crew members from the agency’s SpaceX Crew-11 mission at 11 a.m. EDT Monday, June 1. The event, which takes place during the crew’s standard postflight visit, will be held in the Webb Auditorium at NASA Headquarters in the Mary W. Jackson building, 300 E. Street SW in Washington.

The crew members, including NASA astronauts Zena Cardman and Mike Fincke and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Kimiya Yui, will discuss their recent 167-day mission aboard the International Space Station, where they conducted a wide range of science experiments to benefit life on Earth and advance human space exploration as part of International Space Station Expedition 73/74.

The Crew-11 mission lifted off on Aug.1, 2025, from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The crew’s SpaceX Dragon spacecraft docked to the orbital outpost on Aug. 2.

During their mission, the three astronauts, along with crewmate Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov, traveled nearly 71 million miles and completed more than 2,670 orbits around Earth. The Crew-11 mission was Fincke’s fourth spaceflight, Yui’s second, and the first for Cardman and Platonov. Fincke has logged 549 days in space, ranking him fourth among all NASA astronauts for cumulative days in space. The crew members returned to Earth on Jan. 15, splashing down off the coast of San Diego.

Along the way, Crew-11 logged hundreds of hours of research, maintenance, and technology demonstrations. The crew members also celebrated the 25th anniversary of continuous human presence aboard the orbiting laboratory on Nov. 2, 2025. Research conducted aboard the space station advances scientific knowledge and demonstrates new technologies that enable us to prepare for human exploration of the Moon and Mars.

Media interested in attending the event must RSVP by 8 a.m., June 1, by emailing the NASA Headquarters newsroom at hq-media@mail.nasa.gov. NASA’s media accreditation policy is online. Based on the crew’s schedule, NASA will not be able to accommodate interviews.

This opportunity also is part of NASA’s Frontiers Forum: Voices Shaping the Future of Space speaking series designed to convene bold thinkers and senior leaders at the forefront of exploration and innovation. The series will spotlight mission-critical priorities from advancing the Artemis campaign and strengthening commercial partnerships to shaping the future workforce and accelerating breakthrough technologies. The agency will share more details soon.

To learn more about the International Space Station and its research and crews, visit:

https://www.nasa.gov/station

-end-

Gerelle Dodson
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1600
gerelle.q.dodson@nasa.gov

NASA will host a public event featuring three crew members from the agency’s SpaceX Crew-11 mission at 11 a.m. EDT Monday, June 1. The event, which takes place during the crew’s standard postflight visit, will be held in the Webb Auditorium at NASA Headquarters in the Mary W. Jackson building, 300 E. Street SW in Washington.

The crew members, including NASA astronauts Zena Cardman and Mike Fincke and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Kimiya Yui, will discuss their recent 167-day mission aboard the International Space Station, where they conducted a wide range of science experiments to benefit life on Earth and advance human space exploration as part of International Space Station Expedition 73/74.

The Crew-11 mission lifted off on Aug.1, 2025, from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The crew’s SpaceX Dragon spacecraft docked to the orbital outpost on Aug. 2.

During their mission, the three astronauts, along with crewmate Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov, traveled nearly 71 million miles and completed more than 2,670 orbits around Earth. The Crew-11 mission was Fincke’s fourth spaceflight, Yui’s second, and the first for Cardman and Platonov. Fincke has logged 549 days in space, ranking him fourth among all NASA astronauts for cumulative days in space. The crew members returned to Earth on Jan. 15, splashing down off the coast of San Diego.

Along the way, Crew-11 logged hundreds of hours of research, maintenance, and technology demonstrations. The crew members also celebrated the 25th anniversary of continuous human presence aboard the orbiting laboratory on Nov. 2, 2025. Research conducted aboard the space station advances scientific knowledge and demonstrates new technologies that enable us to prepare for human exploration of the Moon and Mars.

Media interested in attending the event must RSVP by 8 a.m., June 1, by emailing the NASA Headquarters newsroom at hq-media@mail.nasa.gov. NASA’s media accreditation policy is online. Based on the crew’s schedule, NASA will not be able to accommodate interviews.

This opportunity also is part of NASA’s Frontiers Forum: Voices Shaping the Future of Space speaking series designed to convene bold thinkers and senior leaders at the forefront of exploration and innovation. The series will spotlight mission-critical priorities from advancing the Artemis campaign and strengthening commercial partnerships to shaping the future workforce and accelerating breakthrough technologies. The agency will share more details soon.

To learn more about the International Space Station and its research and crews, visit:

https://www.nasa.gov/station

-end-

Gerelle Dodson
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1600
gerelle.q.dodson@nasa.gov

This NASA Hubble Space Telescope image captures the faint glow of the dwarf irregular galaxy ESO 490-017.

NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft is preparing for some of its most significant flights yet. The X-plane is about to begin a new block of test flights that will include its first time flying faster than the speed of sound and other mission-critical objectives.

“What comes next is the first time this one-of-a-kind aircraft will fly supersonic,” said Cathy Bahm, project manager for NASA’s Low Boom Flight Demonstrator. “We are starting toward the mission conditions test point that X-59 was designed for.”

After months of flights, the X-59 team reviewed their progress in late May and now look toward the aircraft’s next series of flight tests, including higher altitudes and faster speeds. This will give engineers a look at how the X-59 handles under required operational conditions for NASA’s Quesst mission to eventually gather data on quiet supersonic flight.

The team expects the X-59 to fly supersonic – over 630 mph – for the first time at approximately 43,000 feet altitude during a series of test flights in early June, a major milestone for the aircraft. After that, it will conduct a “mission conditions” flight, where it will hit Mach 1.4 (925 mph) at approximately 55,000 feet. That speed and altitude are important because they’re NASA’s performance targets for the X-59 to eventually fly over U.S. communities to demonstrate quiet supersonic flight and collect feedback data about the aircraft’s quiet sonic “thump” from the public.

While the X-59 is designed to fly at supersonic speeds without producing a loud sonic boom, these early flights are not yet intended to demonstrate its quiet supersonic capabilities. The X-59 will be accompanied by a traditional supersonic chase plane, so any quiet thump it produces in the current phase of testing will be obscured by louder, traditional sonic booms from the chase. In supersonic flights this summer, the chase aircraft will also be outfitted with a specialized shock-sensing probe to take initial measurements of the X-59’s shock waves.

Completed flights 

The X-59’s first block of flights successfully met several test goals, generating data for its team to analyze. After making its first flight in October 2025, it entered a scheduled period of maintenance before returning to the skies in March 2026. It has since completed 14 additional flights, marking milestones including:

• Its first gear swing, or the retraction of its landing gear to show off its sleek design for the first time.
• Reaching altitudes up to 43,000 feet and near supersonic speeds at Mach 0.95, approximately 627 mph. 
• Marking its first dual-flight day and then making those increasingly routine as the X-59 team increased flight cadence.
• After a period of moving higher and faster, transitioning into lower and slower test flight conditions so engineers could gather information on the X-59’s behavior across a range of flight conditions. 

Data collected during the X-59’s first block of test flights helped teams better assess critical systems, including fuel, hydraulics, environmental controls, and the eXternal Vision System, which is the aircraft’s unique series of cameras that feed into a monitor that allows the pilot to see forward instead of using a traditional windshield. Teams monitored how the aircraft behaved during takeoff, landing, and throughout flight. Strain gauges installed throughout the X-59 collected detailed information on the forces it experienced, and how its structure responded to them.  

Next steps 

During the X-59’s upcoming flights, pilots will run through test points while engineers watch the aircraft’s performance — but now in supersonic flight conditions. 

“Flying at supersonic speeds is a major milestone for the X-59 team,” Bahm said. “Every step of envelope expansion brings us closer to demonstrating the quiet supersonic capability that is at the heart of the Quesst mission. Completing the first mission-conditions flight is especially meaningful – it’s the moment where we begin validating the aircraft in the environment it was designed for.”

In addition to reaching mission condition during this block of flight tests, the X-59 will also achieve its maximum speed of Mach 1.6 (1,218 mph) and altitude of 60,000 feet.

But just because the aircraft can go that fast doesn’t mean it always will fly supersonic. Testing will continue, including a mix of subsonic and lower-altitude flights so the team can continue monitoring it in varied conditions.

“These flights not only deepen our confidence in the X-59’s performance – they mark our progression toward the future phases of the mission that will ultimately help shape the future of supersonic travel,” Bahm said.

All flights so far and in the upcoming test block are part of Phase 1 of the X-59’s Quesst mission, focused on proving the performance and airworthiness of the aircraft. Some of those flights will include early deployment of equipment, including a probe mounted to one of NASA’s F-15 research aircraft that can measure the X-59’s unique shock wave signature.

Data gathered during those early probing flights will allow engineers to prepare for a new stage of work set to begin later this year: Quesst Phase 2, when teams will begin to measure the aircraft’s supersonic flight signature to verify that it’s producing a quiet supersonic thump, as designed.

“Aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal said, ‘To design a flying machine is nothing. To build one is something. But to fly is everything.’ The 15 X-59 flights we’ve accomplished since March have been everything to this team and the mission,” Bahm said. “Every flight has pushed the boundaries of what’s possible, steadily expanding the envelope and strengthening our confidence in the aircraft.”

But, she said, rather than focusing on past progress, the team is already looking ahead.

“As we look ahead to the upcoming flights, we’re poised to open the envelope even further – moving boldly toward the mission test point this aircraft was built to achieve,” Bahm said. “Flying supersonic and reaching these milestones isn’t just progress; it’s the realization of years of perseverance, innovation, and teamwork. Each step brings us closer to Phase 2, and to the future of commercial supersonic flight.” 

💾

NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft flies above NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, during testing focused on lower-speed and altitude flight conditions in support of NASA’s Quesst mission. NASA continues to include two-flight days in its envelope expansion as teams work to better understand how the aircraft responds throughout its operating range.

Tens of thousands of abandoned mines threaten waterways across the American West, but identifying which sites urgently need cleanup is slow and expensive. Now, NASA’s EMIT instrument can analyze the unique light signatures of mine waste from space to help focus remediation efforts where they’re needed most.

Tens of thousands of abandoned mines threaten waterways across the American West, but identifying which sites urgently need cleanup is slow and expensive. Now, NASA’s EMIT instrument can analyze the unique light signatures of mine waste from space to help focus remediation efforts where they’re needed most.

Expedition 74 astronauts aboard the International Space Station are continuing research efforts to manufacture large quantities of stem cells for therapies on Earth. Previous studies have focused on fine-tuning hardware that allows scientists to produce greater quantities of high-quality stem cells. Now, the InSPA-StemCellEX-H2 investigation is aiming to demonstrate large scale production of blood stem cells for pharmaceutical and clinical use.

The research uses stem cells derived from the human body to produce large quantities of cells for patient use through a process called “expansion”. Although stem cells can be expanded in labs on Earth, they have limitations. For example, Earth-produced cells lose their ability to form the different cells in our blood system, like red and white blood cells or platelets, which are critical for leukemia patients that receive stem cells to build up their blood system after chemotherapy.

Dr. Tobias Niederwieser, assistant research professor at BioServe Space Technologies within the University of Colorado Boulder says, “The microgravity environment in space is much more suitable for keeping the stem cells in their high-quality state during expansion.” Scientists predict that growing cells in space may lead to higher expansion potential and a lower risk of rejection when used in patients on Earth. This research could create long-term cell supplies for patients suffering from fatal blood disorders, various blood cancers, or severe immune diseases, and enable more reliable and accessible therapies. “The end result is really to benefit patients in hospitals here on Earth,” Dr. Niederwieser says.

Space station research allows scientists and commercial companies around the world to test new technologies and innovative medical solutions that have the potential to greatly benefit life on Earth.

Expedition 74 astronauts aboard the International Space Station are continuing research efforts to manufacture large quantities of stem cells for therapies on Earth. Previous studies have focused on fine-tuning hardware that allows scientists to produce greater quantities of high-quality stem cells. Now, the InSPA-StemCellEX-H2 investigation is aiming to demonstrate large scale production of blood stem cells for pharmaceutical and clinical use.

The research uses stem cells derived from the human body to produce large quantities of cells for patient use through a process called “expansion”. Although stem cells can be expanded in labs on Earth, they have limitations. For example, Earth-produced cells lose their ability to form the different cells in our blood system, like red and white blood cells or platelets, which are critical for leukemia patients that receive stem cells to build up their blood system after chemotherapy.

Dr. Tobias Niederwieser, assistant research professor at BioServe Space Technologies within the University of Colorado Boulder says, “The microgravity environment in space is much more suitable for keeping the stem cells in their high-quality state during expansion.” Scientists predict that growing cells in space may lead to higher expansion potential and a lower risk of rejection when used in patients on Earth. This research could create long-term cell supplies for patients suffering from fatal blood disorders, various blood cancers, or severe immune diseases, and enable more reliable and accessible therapies. “The end result is really to benefit patients in hospitals here on Earth,” Dr. Niederwieser says.

Space station research allows scientists and commercial companies around the world to test new technologies and innovative medical solutions that have the potential to greatly benefit life on Earth.

Katherine Rauscher, of Michigan Technological University, prepares her team’s prototype lunar robot for its turn during the finals for NASA’s 2026 Lunabotics Challenge competition on Tuesday, May 19, 2026, inside the Astronauts Memorial Foundation’s Center for Space Education at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. Forty-seven teams from around the U.S. designed and built remote-controlled robots capable of traversing challenging lunar terrain while constructing regolith-based berm under conditions similar to those the agency will face as it returns to the lunar surface through Artemis.

Students in New York will hear from NASA astronaut Jessica Meir as she answers their prerecorded science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) questions while aboard the International Space Station.

The Earth-to-space call will begin at 11:05 p.m. EDT Thursday, May 28, and will stream live on the agency’s Learn With NASA YouTube channel.

This event is hosted by the Cradle of Aviation Museum in Garden City, New York, for students in grades K-12 and members of the community. This unique opportunity aims to deepen understanding of space exploration and enhance awareness of STEM careers.

Media interested in covering the event must RSVP no later than 5 p.m. EDT, Wednesday, May 27, to Jerelyn Zontini at: 516-567-0537 or jzontini@cradleofaviation.org.

For more than 25 years, astronauts have continuously lived and worked aboard the space station, testing technologies, performing science, and developing skills needed to explore farther from Earth. Astronauts communicate with NASA’s Mission Control Center in Houston 24 hours a day through SCaN’s (Space Communications and Navigation) Near Space Network.

Research and technology investigations taking place aboard the space station benefit people on Earth and lay the groundwork for other agency deep space missions. As part of NASA’s Artemis program, the agency will send astronauts to the Moon to prepare for future human exploration of Mars, inspiring the world through discovery in a new Golden Age of innovation and exploration.

For more information on NASA in-flight calls, visit:

https://www.nasa.gov/stemonstation

Students in New York will hear from NASA astronaut Jessica Meir as she answers their prerecorded science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) questions while aboard the International Space Station.

The Earth-to-space call will begin at 11:05 p.m. EDT Thursday, May 28, and will stream live on the agency’s Learn With NASA YouTube channel.

This event is hosted by the Cradle of Aviation Museum in Garden City, New York, for students in grades K-12 and members of the community. This unique opportunity aims to deepen understanding of space exploration and enhance awareness of STEM careers.

Media interested in covering the event must RSVP no later than 5 p.m. EDT, Wednesday, May 27, to Jerelyn Zontini at: 516-567-0537 or jzontini@cradleofaviation.org.

For more than 25 years, astronauts have continuously lived and worked aboard the space station, testing technologies, performing science, and developing skills needed to explore farther from Earth. Astronauts communicate with NASA’s Mission Control Center in Houston 24 hours a day through SCaN’s (Space Communications and Navigation) Near Space Network.

Research and technology investigations taking place aboard the space station benefit people on Earth and lay the groundwork for other agency deep space missions. As part of NASA’s Artemis program, the agency will send astronauts to the Moon to prepare for future human exploration of Mars, inspiring the world through discovery in a new Golden Age of innovation and exploration.

For more information on NASA in-flight calls, visit:

https://www.nasa.gov/stemonstation

Chennai, on India's southern coast along the Bay of Bengal and with a metropolitan population of about 8.7 million, shines with white LED streetlights in this photograph taken at approximately 9:13 p.m. local time on May 2, 2026, from the International Space Station.

This near-infrared image shows a section of one of the spiral arms of Messier 51 (M51).

From high‑speed research flights to high‑altitude science campaigns, NASA depends on aircraft that perform at their best and the ground crews who keep them mission ready.

At NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, specially trained maintenance crews are essential to keeping the agency’s aircraft flying safely and reliably.

This year, NASA added two F-15s and a Pilatus PC-12 to its fleet at Armstrong. These aircraft – alongside platforms such as the high-altitude ER-2s and NASA’s newest X-plane, the X-59 – reflect a wide range of capabilities. The maintenance staff is responsible for keeping each one mission ready.

“That’s the beauty of our Armstrong maintenance teams. They adapt to any type of change,” said Jose “Manny” Rodriguez, NASA Armstrong Gulfstream G-IV crew chief. “One day you could have an instrument being loaded, and the next day it may be aircraft reconfiguration, all while other aircraft systems may need fixing. They adapt and they overcome any situation.”

Each aircraft supports a specific mission, whether it’s conducting science research, serving as a support or chase aircraft, or assisting NASA rocket launches. The aircraft fly at different speeds, carry specialized hardware, and require maintenance crews to stay agile with fast-paced changes.

To ensure NASA can make aeronautics and science advancements safely, the crews work continuously, checking on the ejection seats, filling the tanks with fuel, and changing out brakes, wheels, wiring, and hardware constantly, all of which can degrade with each flight.

On any given day, an aircraft may be flight-ready for a mission, undergoing scheduled maintenance or modifications, or down for longer-term care.

There are typically multiple NASA Armstrong aircraft in the air in one day. Currently, the center’s C-20A is flying in Peru and Panama, the X-59 is often  flying twice per day with a chase plane, and the center’s ER-2 is flying in Colorado, supporting the Geological Earth Mapping Experiment (GEMx). All this work is happening at the same time, and Armstrong’s skilled maintenance staff is prepping and fixing aircraft as needed along the way.

The team includes mechanics with both military and civilian backgrounds, and the job involves a lot of on-the-job training.

Maintenance crews are composed of:

• a crew chief – the person in charge of the airplane
• an avionics technician, who specializes in navigation, communication, and flight control systems
• quality assurance personnel, who oversee the work being done
• additional mechanics assigned to each airplane

After the maintenance crew ensures the aircraft is in the best condition possible, the team tows it out to the flightline, and it becomes ready for operations. The NASA pilot assigned to the mission will walk around the aircraft with the assigned crew chief for a final safety check before flight.

“There is a crew chief assigned to every aircraft,” Rodriguez said. “The crew chief is responsible for the integrity of that aircraft, and at the end of the day, his signature and the pilot’s together are what constitutes that the aircraft is safe for flight.”

Maintenance crews track each flight to help ensure it completes the mission without returning early. If an aircraft does return to base early, the maintenance team stands ready. When it lands, the crew is right there again, helping the research team complete the mission and fixing whatever is needed to stay nimble and ready for the next flight.

“It’s difficult at times to work with different airplanes from both the civilian and military sides, but it’s very rewarding to see that we have the capability and the expertise to keep these aircraft flying,” Rodriguez said.

Editor’s Note: This advisory was updated May 22, 2026 to include a retirement.

NASA announced Friday an agencywide realignment to increase mission focus and move out on the National Space Policy. These changes position the agency to better deliver on the nation’s highest‑priority objectives with speed and efficiency.

During the Ignition event in late March, NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman and agency leaders outlined the most pressing objectives to deliver on the next chapter of American leadership in space. President Trump’s Executive Order Ensuring American Space Superiority, otherwise known as the National Space Policy, directed NASA to focus talent and resources on objectives including accelerating the Artemis program, establishing a Moon Base, developing a nuclear space reactor, igniting the orbital economy, and expanding missions of science and discovery.

To support the agency’s ambitious short- and long-term goals, NASA is taking action to increase specialization at centers and integrate mission directorates, elevating delivery of technically excellent work. Some of these actions include:

• Center directors will continue reporting to Associate Administrator Amit Kshatriya, empowered to foster the unique capabilities of each center, and strengthen investments in infrastructure and the health of their workforce.
• Mission directorates will now report directly to the administrator, ensuring focus on the mission and enabling them to leverage resources across centers, industry, and international partnerships with greater speed and efficiency.
• The associate administrator also now serves as NASA chief engineer, reinforcing the agency’s technical backbone and ensuring continuity and autonomy in critical engineering decisions.
• The agency continues to focus on rebuilding core competencies, insourcing contractors to civil servants where appropriate, strengthening the intern pipeline, and leveraging the agency’s joint recruitment initiative with the U.S. Office of Personnel Management, NASA Force, to build a strong, sustainable workforce for generations to come.

“This initiative reflects NASA’s extreme focus on executing the mission in direct support of the National Space Policy. We are focusing resources on the most pressing objectives only NASA is capable of undertaking and liberating the workforce from unnecessary bureaucracy and obstacles that impede progress. We aim to rebuild competencies and instill a culture that attracts the best and brightest capable of pursuing the most demanding engineering challenges and moving safely and urgently,” said Isaacman. “There will be no reduction in force, no program cancellations, no closures, but we will achieve cost savings through more efficient execution and taking an active role in delivering the outcomes the world has been waiting for from NASA. This is how we deliver on the mission, meet the moment, and continue to make history on behalf of the American people.”

Mission directorate realignment is as follows:

• Human Spaceflight Mission Directorate (HSMD): With human spaceflight operational to both low Earth orbit and the Moon, the Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate and Space Operations Mission Directorate will unify as HSMD.
• Research and Technology Mission Directorate (RTMD): NASA will integrate the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate and Space Technology Mission Directorate into the new RTMD. As a combined research, space technology, and aeronautics organization charged with nuclear power and propulsion development, RTMD will ensure NASA has the capabilities needed for the mission of today and the future.
• Science Mission Directorate (SMD): Remains unchanged and continues to provide the foundation for NASA’s world‑leading scientific discovery.

Additional leadership roles, in alphabetical order, include:

• John Bailey, associate administrator, Mission Support Directorate
• Kevin Coggins, director, SCaN (Space Communications and Navigation), RTMD
• Wesley Deadrick, director, Katherine Johnson IV&V Facility
• Jamie Dunn, director, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
• Carlos García-Galán, program manager, Moon Base, HSMD
• Dr. Lori Glaze, associate administrator, HSMD
• Laurie Grindle, director, Aeronautics Division, RTMD
• Marvin Horne, deputy assistant administrator for Procurement
• Brian Hughes, director, NASA’s Kennedy Space Center
• Kathleen Karika, associate administrator, Office of International and Interagency Relations, OIIR
• Dr. James Kenyon, associate administrator, RTMD
• Kelvin Manning, deputy associate administrator, HSMD
• Meredith McKay, deputy associate administrator, OIIR
• Dave Mitchell, special assignment lead for NASA Headquarters Relocation
• Joel Montalbano, deputy associate administrator, HSMD
• Bradley Niese, associate administrator for Procurement
• Eli Ouder, acting deputy associate administrator, Mission Support Directorate
• Jeremy Parsons, program manager, Artemis, HSMD
• Bob Pearce to retire as head of ARMD after an amazing 36-year career at NASA
• Wanda Peters, deputy associate administrator, RTMD
• Dawn Schaible, director, NASA’s Glenn Research Center
• Cynthia Simmons, deputy director, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
• Steve Sinacore, acting director, Space Reactor Office; program manager for SR-1, LR-1, RTMD
• Adam Steltzner, chief engineer for Special Projects
• Greg Stover, director, Advanced Research and Technology Division, RTMD
• Dana Weigel, program manager, Low Earth Orbit, HSMD

Leadership at unlisted centers remains unchanged.

For more, please visit:

https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-leadership

-end-

Bethany Stevens / Camille Gallo
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1600
bethany.c.stevens@nasa.gov / camille.m.gallo@nasa.gov

NASA’s home for experimental flight is welcoming more flyers to its already high-performing fleet as it continues to support science and aeronautics test missions – continuing the legacy of pioneers like Neil Armstrong.

NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, added multiple aircraft this year: two F-15s supersonic jets, a Pilatus PC-12 utility plane, and a T-34 turboprop trainer, which the center will use to support the agency’s advancement of aerospace research.

Throughout the center’s history, pilots have flown everything from large aircraft like the 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft and rocket-powered airplanes like the X-15 to high-speed repurposed fighter jets like the F-18. And after almost 80 years, flight research is still going strong in the desert today.

“Armstrong has a rich history of flight research, but it’s the multidimensional skills of the people we have here, and the knowledge they’ve built to handle very unique aircraft maintenance and modifications, that stands out,” said Darren Cole, capabilities manager for the Flight Demonstrations and Capabilities project at NASA Armstrong.

The center plays a pivotal role in worldwide airborne science missions, flying scientists and equipment from NASA, other government agencies, industry, and academia to collect measurements such as air pollution levels, glacier melt trends, and wildland fire mapping.

Scientists can manage experiments in real time aboard flying laboratories like the NASA ER-2, to collect important data with the help of Armstrong’s pilots and airborne science team.

“We all come together to make the science happen,” said Matt Berry, airborne research platforms branch chief at NASA Armstrong. “It is the agility of the Armstrong team that allows us to collaborate with scientists, get their equipment onboard, and to fly them to areas where they need to collect data.”

The center sits on Rogers Dry Lake, a 44-square-mile slat flat area used for aviation research and test operations. Rogers and the adjacent Rosamond Dry Lake have seen everything from space shuttle landings to emergency test flight recoveries. The Rogers lakebed continues to serve as an important piece of Armstrong’s test missions.

For NASA Armstrong, it all started with the first attempt by a human to fly faster than the speed of sound in the Bell X-1. In 1946, 13 employees from NASA’s predecessor agency, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), arrived at what was then known as Muroc Army Airfield to prepare for the X-1 tests. A year later, NACA’s Muroc Flight Test Unit was established as a permanent facility at the airfield.

The center has gone by several names over the years, most recently changing from NASA’s Dryden Flight Research Center to NASA Armstrong in 2014. But its legacy has never shifted: The Bell X-1E, the last of the X-1 series of aircraft, now sits in front of NASA Armstrong, welcoming the newest test pilots, engineers, scientists, explorers, and dreamers. And they’re using the aircraft of today to break new barriers.

“I don’t think there is another place in the world with a more diverse fleet of aircraft. We have everything from a low-altitude powered glider to ER-2s, which are flying at high altitudes, and a multitude of aircraft in between,” Cole said.

From sourcing rare components to machining custom parts in-house, NASA Armstrong’s teams transform these aircraft into research workhorses. The center continues its crucial role in leading aeronautics testing, Earth science research, and supporting government and industry partners.

A team of Cornell University students are turning heads within industry and the federal government with the results of their research into creating a national air transportation management system in which thousands of drones could safely operate together.

NASA is sponsoring their work through the University Student Research Challenge (USRC), which provides grants to college students interested in helping the agency realize its aeronautical research goals.

“Looking at new traffic management systems for drones is not new,” said Mehrnaz Sabet, a doctoral student in the field of information science who serves as principal investigator on the grant and leads the Cornell team. “In fact, NASA has led that effort for years.”

Now, through USRC, NASA is giving Sabet and her team the chance to offer up innovative approaches to drone safety by managing their movements in the air, taking advantage of their young minds and fresh ideas.

The ultimate benefit of Cornell’s research in this area is the full realization of advanced air mobility, an area of industry focus that includes everything from urban flying taxis, more robust disaster response aircraft, and hot fresh pizza delivered right to your door.

The work also underscores the value NASA places on maturing cutting-edge technologies and helping to develop its future workforce through initiatives like USRC.

“Sabet and her team have demonstrated versatile skills involving software, algorithms, hardware, sensors development, laboratory tests, simulations, and actual flight tests – a rare combination,” said Parimal Koperdekar, acting director of NASA’s Airspace Operations and Safety Program.

Flying drones like we drive

Currently, drone operators must file plans that fully describes the intended flight path of the drone with a traffic management service. Those plans are checked with others to ensure there will be no collisions – what Sabet calls strategic deconfliction.

The challenge is that today’s air traffic management system is limited in its ability to handle the growing number of aircraft taking to the sky. Adding thousands of drones to the mix during the coming years risks over burdening the system, Sabet said.

What is needed in the air is essentially what we have on the ground – where millions of people drive on a road every day, she said.

As a driver you might know your whole “trajectory,” or the path you’d follow to reach your destination. But you would never coordinate your plan with every other driver on the road before you leave. Instead, traffic laws and infrastructure such as stop lights and traffic signs allow you to deconflict with other cars as you go.

Drone operators will still have to file flight plans saying where they intend to go, but the idea is to incorporate that car-like flexibility into drone operating systems, allowing them to be adaptable during their journeys.

“We need to ensure all these different types of drones can tactically deconflict with each other so that it is safe for them to operate like cars do on the ground. And that missing piece – tactical deconfliction – is at the center of our project,” Sabet said.

Two worlds joined

The key to the Cornell team’s research is the notion of integrating a simulated world with the real one to test and demonstrate how drones can learn to adapt to potentially hazardous conditions and make necessary corrections in their flight path on their own.

Knowing they could not go out and fly 100 drones at the same time to test their ideas for tactical deconfliction, the students decided to create an entirely virtual urban world to evaluate different high-volume traffic models, separation algorithms, and related data.

“Our first year of the project went into adapting and scaling that simulation engine and it all went very well,” Sabet said. “But we didn’t want to stick to a simulation. We wanted to see how the simulation translated to the real world, which mattered more.”

Still hampered by the limitations of how many drones they could operate and where they could fly – not many and basically in the middle of nowhere – they sought the best of both worlds, real and imagined.

“What we wound up doing was to embed the simulation into a real drone, so the drone thought it was flying in a dense urban environment although it was actually flying out in an open field where there wasn’t a real city in sight,” Sabet said.

Real world lessons

This allowed the team to try out different traffic management tools and evaluate how drones might coordinate course corrections and avoid collisions with each other.

During the past year, they’ve taken the idea further by flying two real drones in the real world, each running the real-time simulation on board, allowing them to coordinate and “see” both simulated traffic and each other within the integrated test environment.

“We would then intentionally put them on a direct collision course to stress-test the detect and avoid and coordination models and see how well they react and coordinate the drone’s maneuvers to avoid hitting each other,” Sabet said.

Their success struck a chord with NASA experts in Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM).

“What’s impressive is that Cornell’s study included over 10,000 runs involving more than one million trajectories, and over 200,000 hours of experimentation to understand how multi-agent decentralized coordination would safely take place,” Kopardekar said.

Industry and the Federal Aviation Administration have also responded positively to this research and its potential. The team was asked to use its infrastructure and technology to virtually recreate an incident in 2025 in which a pair of drones collided with a stationary crane in Arizona. The team also showed how the accident could have been prevented.

The team was also asked to simulate recent, real-world fires in California to showcase how drones could better coordinate their movements both to provide situational awareness for public safety officials on the ground and to stay clear of fire-suppressing air tankers.

And according to the Cornell team, the FAA is interested in applying the project’s mix of virtual and real-world testing to evaluate drone operations under increasing levels of operational complexity.

“This kind of mixed-reality type of operational complexity enables them to test drone operations in a way that was not possible before,” Sabet said.

Thanks to NASA’s support through USRC, the Cornell team will continue to expand their capabilities and manage increasingly complex advanced air mobility operations.

“Our goal is to build the foundational systems that enable safe, large-scale autonomy in the skies,” Sabet said.

USRC is an opportunity within NASA’s Transformative Aeronautics Concepts Program under the agency’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate.

NASA and Boeing have completed wind tunnel testing to study an innovative advanced aircraft design intended to improve aerodynamic efficiency.

A truss-braced wing configuration, involving a long, thin wing with aerodynamically shaped structural supports, has the potential to reduce fuel and operational costs for future airliners, which is why NASA has collaborated with Boeing to advance the design.

But this kind of wing would be much more than a simple tweak to existing designs – for an aircraft the size of a passenger jet, it would be a revolutionary redesign, requiring extensive study from NASA and Boeing.

The most recent round of testing used a complex wind tunnel model to collect data on how air flows around a truss-braced wing model and the forces that would be exerted on such a wing in flight.

The test used a semispan model – essentially half an aircraft mounted on a wind tunnel floor. The model has features built in to simulate the mechanisms that increase the amount of lift a wing produces. By adjusting the model’s slats, flaps, and other moving control surfaces, the team can configure it to the low speed, high-lift settings of takeoff and landing conditions.

The model is part of a collaboration to test what’s known as Boeing’s Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research (SUGAR) concept.

In December, teams completed testing of the model wind tunnel operated by the company QinetiQ in Farnborough, England. This large wind tunnel uses pressurized conditions to predict airplane behavior in takeoff and landing conditions.

The large size of the tunnel gives the model fidelity to better predict the behavior of a plane in flight. This capability allowed the team to confidently assess aerodynamic performance.

NASA and Boeing research teams analyzed data in real time to ensure the model performed as expected. Researchers are still reviewing the full results, but the test has already added valuable information to a growing body of research aimed at reducing fuel use in future aircraft designs.

The testing was just the latest stop for this research. NASA and Boeing have tested the concept at multiple NASA facilities to collect data as they work to build a comprehensive understanding of this advanced airframe concept.

This collaboration serves as an example of how NASA serves as an incubator for breakthrough technology with profound commercial applications. The transonic truss-braced wing concept originated from NASA aeronautics-supported research and NASA and Boeing engineers have worked together, test-by-test, to move this wing design from an idea to a practical reality.

The work began in NASA’s Advanced Air Vehicles Program and continues as part of the Subsonic Flight Demonstrator project under the Integrated Aviation Systems Program in the agency’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate.

There’s no sign reading “home sweet home” in the hangar where the X‑59 now sits, but the sentiment is unmistakable among those tending to the quiet supersonic aircraft.

Located at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, the X-59 hangar was built in 1968 but looks like new thanks to a full renovation and modernization. While the X-59 was being assembled in Palmdale, California, workers at NASA Armstrong gutted the hangar, adding new electrical wiring, a fire suppression system, office space, air conditioning, and other safety features.

“The whole team is incredibly proud of what we’ve accomplished in preparing this new home for the X-59,” said Bryan Watters, the NASA project manager at Armstrong who led the renovation effort. “The fact we could take a 1960s hangar and modernize it for use by a 2020’s X-plane is very special.”

The X-59 is the centerpiece of NASA’s Quesst mission to enable a new era of commercial supersonic air travel over land by reducing the sound of typically loud sonic booms to a much quieter sonic thump.

Home hunting

When NASA test pilot Nils Larson successfully took the X-59 into the air for the first time on Oct. 28, 2025, he flew from the Lockheed Martin Skunk Works assembly site in Palmdale to nearby NASA Armstrong, from where test flights have continued to make progress.

From the beginning of the program, knowing the X-59 would eventually need a new residence at NASA Armstrong, Quesst managers were on the hunt for somewhere to house the quiet supersonic demonstrator.

Like anyone looking for the ideal place to call home, the team made sure there would be enough space for the airplane and all its support equipment. But with the experimental jet measuring at just under 100 feet long and 30 feet wide, there were few options.

“We had to find a hangar that was long enough so that part of the X-59 wouldn’t hang outside, exposed to the elements,” Watters said.

Building 4826, as the hangar is officially designated, turned out to be the choice spot. “It was basically stripped down and gutted so that essentially it was just structural steel with siding. From that state it was rebuilt,” Watters said.

The feature they are perhaps most proud of is the hangar’s new floor. Covering more than 32,000 square feet, it is coated with epoxy that prevents any spills from seeping into the concrete.

From the hangar’s office windows, the view of the hangar floor can include the F-15 research jets that will be used as chase planes to support X-59 flights in the coming months. The renovation faced challenges along the way, chief among them being supply chain issues stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. But there were some incredible, unforgettable moments too.

Moved in

With X-59 now flying regularly and comfortably settled into its new digs, the Quesst team is gauging its performance on the way to quiet supersonic flight.

“This is truly a great time for Quesst and the X-59,” said Cathy Bahm, NASA’s project manager for the Low Boom Flight Demonstrator. “It’s also still a little surreal to be able to just walk down from your office and see the airplane in our hangar.”

For more than a year, the hangar refurbishment team worked through every detail of the X-59’s new home to make sure it would be safe and sound. But actually seeing the aircraft occupy that space is an adjustment for them, too.

“We’ve looked at X-59 models on our desk for years and then, you know, there’s the real thing right in front of us, in a hangar that we renovated,” Watters said.

A real thing in the hangar – and streaking across the California desert sky. The X-59’s transition from an idea into a working aircraft is a testament to the teams that help build out every aspect of its infrastructure.  

NASA’s X-59 is supported under the agency’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate.

💾

For 10 years, a NASA initiative has helped the agency produce breakthrough aeronautical innovations while fostering the aviation workforce of tomorrow – and the University Leadership Initiative (ULI) is still flying high, making awards with the potential to change 21st century air travel. 

Through ULI, NASA has supported more than 1,100 students at 100 schools, allowing them to pursue advancements in top priority areas for U.S. aviation, including high-speed flight, advanced air mobility, future airspace management and safety, and electrified propulsion.  

Many of those students have used their ULI experience as a springboard to careers in aviation. And many of their ideas — such as designing more efficient wings or building supersonic aircraft that can change shape in flight — are either being investigated further by industry or the technologies adopted outright.  

As it celebrates a decade of success, NASA’s ULI team is looking forward to leveraging student innovations with new awards in 2026 and beyond. 

“Through ULI we’re building the workforce of the future and fostering the skill sets we so desperately need to compete globally,” said John Cavolowsky, director of NASA’s Transformative Aeronautics Concepts Program at NASA Headquarters in Washington. 

What makes ULI unique from other NASA research projects, and especially appealing to universities, is that it provides the opportunity for university students and faculty to propose what research to conduct.  

Usually, NASA determines the research it needs and then does the work itself or through partnerships and contracts. But with ULI, the agency shares its goals and universities consider how they can best help realize them.  

“There are no better ways in my mind to help develop that talent within the students than to engage them in identifying big problems and then give them the resources they need to use their creativity to solve them,” Cavolowsky said.  

ULI history 

NASA’s relationship with academia and reliance on its research proficiency is written into NASA’s DNA going back to the days of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, from which NASA was formed in 1958. 

“For more than a century we have leaned on the brilliance and the capabilities of universities to help us think,” Cavolowsky said. “With ULI we can ensure they continue to bring their fresh ideas and young energy to the work we do at NASA Aeronautics.”  

ULI evolved from an earlier project called Leading Edge Aeronautics Research for NASA (LEARN). NASA selected five LEARN teams in 2015 to pursue truly outside of the box ideas that showed promise but needed additional study.  

One of those teams, for example, sought to take a cue from migrating flocks of birds by asking if airliners could save fuel by cruising in a giant ‘V’ formation. The numbers were intriguing and simple flight tests proved the concept, although the idea never made it to practice. 

Slightly retooled but keeping the innovative spirit of LEARN, ULI was officially announced in 2016 and a year later NASA selected five teams of university professors and students to contribute solutions to the biggest aeronautical challenges of the 21^st century. 

A decade later, NASA has made a total of $220 million in awards to 33 teams over eight rounds of solicitations 

Smooth flying 

One of the earliest selected ULI teams was led by James Coder, who at the time was an aerospace engineering professor at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville. His team worked on technology that would smooth the airflow around a wing to make it more efficient. 

Technically known as slotted natural laminar flow (SNLF) wings, Coder has called the idea a potential game changer for commercial airliners. The more efficient wing would mean less drag on an airplane, which in turn could help airlines save money on fuel. 

Coder credits ULI for not only helping to prove the technology’s effectiveness – with the aid of wind tunnel testing at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California – but for providing students with an experience they couldn’t get elsewhere. 

“After 10 years industry remains interested in the SNLF technology and I am optimistic for good reason about its future,” Coder said. “And project alumni have gone on to do many wonderful things and leverage what they did and learned through the ULI.” 

With ULI experience prominent on their resumes, several of the students on Coder’s team wound up with jobs in industry – such as Boeing and Lockheed Martin – and government labs. One is currently a NASA Pathways intern working on his PhD. 

Now at Pennsylvania State University, Coder remains a strong advocate for ULI. 

“It goes above and beyond simple workforce development,” he said. “We recognized early on the value-add of ULI is the students themselves. While we could have just trained students en masse, we wanted to put them in the front seat of technical leadership on the project. I think this was a very successful strategy that benefited the project and the students as they embarked on their careers.” 

Mighty morphing 

Forrest Carpenter is another example of a student whose ULI support led to work after graduation – in this case at NASA.  

“Working on the ULI project was an incredible experience, one I will always be thankful for and will remember fondly,” Carpenter said. “I think the project challenged me to be something more than ‘just an engineer;’ really helping my professional development and giving me a clearer focus on my passion.”  

As a student at Texas A&M, he was part of a team selected by NASA in 2017 to research a novel idea in which a supersonic aircraft could alter its shape to fly more efficiently based on the atmospheric conditions in real time. Dimitris Lagoudas, now the university’s interim department head for aerospace engineering, led the team.  

A laser shooting out ahead of the aircraft would take measurements of the oncoming air and then the aircraft’s computer would command patches of shape memory alloys and other mechanisms to morph the aircraft’s outer shape. 

One possible application of the technology could be in contributing to the reduction of the loudness of a sonic boom, expanding on the science behind NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic technology demonstrator that seeks to reduce the sonic boom to a sonic thump.  

“My main research role on the team was performing Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations of the various geometries we were looking at, including a pre-production version of X-59,” Carpenter said.  

His work on the idea continues. A follow-on NASA project, GoSWIFT, will flight test the core technologies Carpenter and his ULI team worked on at Texas A&M. Only this time, Carpenter is the co-lead for the tests, which are targeted to take place at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in California in the near future.  

Carpenter’s enthusiasm for his work and gratitude for how ULI led to his career with NASA resonates with many other ULI alumni.  

“The number of students impacted, and how they were impacted, by a long-term project like ULI is huge,” Carpenter said. “NASA’s involvement in this kind of activity can only strengthen the research done in this country and to help inspire and develop the next generation of our workforce.”  

ULI is supported by the Transformative Aeronautics Concepts Program within NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, which publishes ULI solicitations and other opportunities to collaborate with the agency’s aeronautical innovators.