The SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft supporting the company’s 34th commercial resupply services mission for NASA approaches the International Space Station on May 17, 2026, carrying nearly 6,500 pounds of food, supplies, and equipment for the Expedition 74 crew.
Credit: NASA
NASA and its international partners are set to receive scientific research samples and hardware as a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft is scheduled to depart the International Space Station on Tuesday, June 16, for its return to Earth.
Watch NASA’s live undocking coverage beginning at 11:45 a.m. EDT on NASA+, Amazon Prime, and the agency’s YouTube channel. Learn how to watch NASA content through a variety of online platforms, including social media.
The Dragon spacecraft will undock from the forward port of the station’s Harmony module at about 12:05 p.m., after receiving a command from SpaceX ground controllers. The spacecraft then will fire its thrusters to move safely away from the orbiting complex.
Following a June 16 departure, the spacecraft will reenter Earth’s atmosphere on Wednesday, June 17, before splashing down off the coast of California at approximately 5:08 a.m. PDT. NASA will not stream the splashdown but will post updates on its space station blog.
Dragon will return to Earth with thousands of pounds of cargo, carrying samples that could shape future space exploration and life on Earth. Research returning includes bioprinted organ and cartilage tissue, data on improving cryogenic fuel storage for future space missions, and DNA‑inspired materials to develop new cancer treatments. The returning hardware includes an ocular imaging device used to monitor crew members’ eye health, an absorbent bed that filters trace contaminants from cabin air, and a separator pump from the waste and hygiene compartment.
Loaded with nearly 6,500 pounds of crew cargo and science experiments, Dragon arrived at the station on May 17 after launching two days earlier on a Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.
For more than 25 years, people have lived and worked continuously aboard the International Space Station, advancing scientific knowledge and making research breakthroughs not possible on Earth. The space station helps NASA understand and overcome the challenges of human spaceflight, expand commercial opportunities in low Earth orbit, and build on the foundation for long-duration missions to the Moon, as part of the Artemis program, and to Mars.
Get breaking news, images, and features from the space station on Instagram, Facebook, and X.
Learn more about International Space Station research and operations at:
The SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft supporting the company’s 34th commercial resupply services mission for NASA approaches the International Space Station on May 17, 2026, carrying nearly 6,500 pounds of food, supplies, and equipment for the Expedition 74 crew.
Credit: NASA
NASA and its international partners are set to receive scientific research samples and hardware as a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft is scheduled to depart the International Space Station on Tuesday, June 16, for its return to Earth.
Watch NASA’s live undocking coverage beginning at 11:45 a.m. EDT on NASA+, Amazon Prime, and the agency’s YouTube channel. Learn how to watch NASA content through a variety of online platforms, including social media.
The Dragon spacecraft will undock from the forward port of the station’s Harmony module at about 12:05 p.m., after receiving a command from SpaceX ground controllers. The spacecraft then will fire its thrusters to move safely away from the orbiting complex.
Following a June 16 departure, the spacecraft will reenter Earth’s atmosphere on Wednesday, June 17, before splashing down off the coast of California at approximately 5:08 a.m. PDT. NASA will not stream the splashdown but will post updates on its space station blog.
Dragon will return to Earth with thousands of pounds of cargo, carrying samples that could shape future space exploration and life on Earth. Research returning includes bioprinted organ and cartilage tissue, data on improving cryogenic fuel storage for future space missions, and DNA‑inspired materials to develop new cancer treatments. The returning hardware includes an ocular imaging device used to monitor crew members’ eye health, an absorbent bed that filters trace contaminants from cabin air, and a separator pump from the waste and hygiene compartment.
Loaded with nearly 6,500 pounds of crew cargo and science experiments, Dragon arrived at the station on May 17 after launching two days earlier on a Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.
For more than 25 years, people have lived and worked continuously aboard the International Space Station, advancing scientific knowledge and making research breakthroughs not possible on Earth. The space station helps NASA understand and overcome the challenges of human spaceflight, expand commercial opportunities in low Earth orbit, and build on the foundation for long-duration missions to the Moon, as part of the Artemis program, and to Mars.
Get breaking news, images, and features from the space station on Instagram, Facebook, and X.
Learn more about International Space Station research and operations at:
The SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft supporting the company’s 34th commercial resupply services mission for NASA approaches the International Space Station on May 17, 2026, carrying nearly 6,500 pounds of food, supplies, and equipment for the Expedition 74 crew.
Credit: NASA
NASA and its international partners are set to receive scientific research samples and hardware as a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft is scheduled to depart the International Space Station on Tuesday, June 16, for its return to Earth.
Watch NASA’s live undocking coverage beginning at 11:45 a.m. EDT on NASA+, Amazon Prime, and the agency’s YouTube channel. Learn how to watch NASA content through a variety of online platforms, including social media.
The Dragon spacecraft will undock from the forward port of the station’s Harmony module at about 12:05 p.m., after receiving a command from SpaceX ground controllers. The spacecraft then will fire its thrusters to move safely away from the orbiting complex.
Following a June 16 departure, the spacecraft will reenter Earth’s atmosphere on Wednesday, June 17, before splashing down off the coast of California at approximately 5:08 a.m. PDT. NASA will not stream the splashdown but will post updates on its space station blog.
Dragon will return to Earth with thousands of pounds of cargo, carrying samples that could shape future space exploration and life on Earth. Research returning includes bioprinted organ and cartilage tissue, data on improving cryogenic fuel storage for future space missions, and DNA‑inspired materials to develop new cancer treatments. The returning hardware includes an ocular imaging device used to monitor crew members’ eye health, an absorbent bed that filters trace contaminants from cabin air, and a separator pump from the waste and hygiene compartment.
Loaded with nearly 6,500 pounds of crew cargo and science experiments, Dragon arrived at the station on May 17 after launching two days earlier on a Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.
For more than 25 years, people have lived and worked continuously aboard the International Space Station, advancing scientific knowledge and making research breakthroughs not possible on Earth. The space station helps NASA understand and overcome the challenges of human spaceflight, expand commercial opportunities in low Earth orbit, and build on the foundation for long-duration missions to the Moon, as part of the Artemis program, and to Mars.
Get breaking news, images, and features from the space station on Instagram, Facebook, and X.
Learn more about International Space Station research and operations at:
Copertina del numero di giugno 2026 di Universi. Crediti: Nasa
È online – e in arrivo a tutti gli abbonati, che potranno portarselo sotto l’ombrellone – il numero di giugno di Universi, l’house organ dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (Inaf). In copertina, la Terra sorge dietro la Luna, ripresa dalla missione Artemis II: un’immagine che richiama la celebre fotografia Earthrise, scattata cinquantotto anni fa dagli astronauti dell’Apollo 8. Ad aprire il numero, come sempre, è l’editoriale del Presidente di Inaf, che questa volta pone l’accento sull’importanza dell’ingegno e sulla buona pratica di trasformare i limiti incontrati lungo il cammino in opportunità.
Tra gli approfondimenti, Emanuele De Rubeis e Marco Bondi raccontano come, grazie alla combinazione di alta risoluzione e di copertura alle basse frequenze offerta da Lofar-Vlbi, un gruppo di ricerca Inaf ha scoperto un’intricata rete di filamenti radio nell’ammasso di galassie Abell 2255, estesa per centinaia di migliaia di anni luce e mai osservata prima. Per il settore stelle e mezzo interstellare, protagonista è Sn 2024bch, la supernova scoperta il 29 gennaio 2024 nella galassia Ngc 3206 che ha messo alla prova i modelli classici dell’evoluzione stellare: Leonardo Tartaglia e Giorgio Valerin raccontano come il loro gruppo di ricerca ha dimostrato che le sue righe spettrali ad alta ionizzazione, inizialmente scambiate per il segnale di un’interazione violenta con il mezzo circumstellare, erano invece il prodotto di un fenomeno di fluorescenza radiativa – un comportamento così anomalo da ricordarci l’importanza di un’analisi fisica profonda e che non tutto ciò che brilla intensamente è una sorgente multimessaggera. Sul fronte marziano, Teresa Fornaro racconta come lo strumento Sherloc a bordo del rover Perseverance ha rilevato tracce di idrocarburi policiclici aromatici preservati all’interno di sali nel cratere Jezero e spiega come uno studio condotto presso il laboratorio di astrobiologia dell’Inaf di Arcetri suggerisce che questi sali marziani possano aver agito da archivi geochimici per miliardi di anni, con la questione sull’origine – abiotica o biotica – ancora aperta. Risolto invece, dopo mezzo secolo di incertezze, il mistero del litio nella Via Lattea: ne parlano Luca Izzo e Paolo Molaro, autori di uno studio Inaf che indica le nove classiche come la principale “fabbrica” di questo elemento. Chiudono gli approfondimenti Alberto Pellizzoni e Simona Righini con i “guardiani del Sole” – SunDish e Solaris – con cui l’Inaf monitora la nostra stella dai radiotelescopi di Medicina e in Sardegna fino alle basi antartiche, per costruire un sistema di allerta dei fenomeni di meteorologia spaziale.
Le rubriche di questo numero spaziano dalla tecnologia alla cultura. La rubrica Tech racconta come al Sardinia Radio Telescope si stia sperimentando la “super-risoluzione”, una tecnica che permette di ottenere immagini più dettagliate senza aumentare le dimensioni degli specchi, manipolando la forma del fronte d’onda. Metaverso presenta Space Walk, la WebAR che trasforma qualsiasi città in un Sistema solare in scala da percorrere a piedi, con i pianeti che compaiono in realtà aumentata tra piazze e portici. La rubrica Art porta al radiotelescopio di Medicina il duo artistico bolognese Antonello Ghezzi, che ha portato le meteore di Medicina dal Libano al Cile, dall’Argentina alla Palestina, con l’invito a esprimere un desiderio. Musei celebra il recente riallestimento del Museo della Specola di Bologna, riaperto a gennaio con un percorso che intreccia la storia di Guido Horn d’Arturo – inventore degli specchi a tasselli, anticipatore di Webb e del Ctao – con gli strumenti originali del Seicento e Settecento.
Completano il numero le rubriche Flash, Green, Astrobiologia, Scuola, Libri, Pop e Altriversi, e una ricca infografica sugli esopianeti scoperti in Italia. Oltre alle interviste a Roberto Maiolino sulle meraviglie del telescopio Webb e a Mariafelicia De Laurentis sull’ombra dei buchi neri, e alla “visione” di Davide Coero Borga che, insieme al fotografo Riccardo Bonuccelli, è arrivato in Sardegna, per farvi conoscere i luoghi da cui si osserva e si studia l’universo.
Insomma, è tutto pronto per una borsa da spiaggia spaziale.
Ricordo infine che dal sito della rivista è possibile abbonarsi alla versione cartacea, almeno fino a esaurimento delle nostre scorte. Per chi invece preferisce il digitale, sul sito è presente la versione sfogliabile e nell’archivio sono disponibili i pdf di tutti i numeri. Infine, potete iscrivervi alla Newsletter di Universi da questo link.
Wasp-121b è un esopianeta gioviano ultra-caldo situato a 858 anni luce dalla Terra nella costellazione della Poppa. Un team di astronomi guidati da Cyril Gapp, studente di dottorato al Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (Mpia) di Heidelberg, in Germania, ha rilevato un’asimmetria nell’assorbimento della luce infrarossa proveniente dalla sua stella madre Wasp-121, filtrata parzialmente attraverso l’atmosfera del pianeta durante il transito. Questo fenomeno è stato interpretato dai ricercatori come il risultato di temperature e composizioni chimiche non uniformi nell’atmosfera di Wasp-121b. Lo studio, pubblicato questa settimana su Nature Astronomy, è stato realizzato analizzando i dati ottenuti dallo strumento NirSpec di Jwst, spettrografo nel vicino infrarosso.
Rappresentazione artistica dell’esopianeta Wasp-121b. Crediti: Patricia Klein e Mpia
«Grazie alla sua qualità osservativa senza precedenti, Jwst ci offre le immagini più dettagliate mai ottenute finora dei pianeti lontani: misurando come cambia l’assorbimento della luce stellare mentre Wasp-121b ruota, analizziamo la sua atmosfera longitudine per longitudine», spiega Gapp. Oltre a una leggera riduzione generale della luminosità verso la fine del transito, è stato osservato anche un aumento del segnale del monossido di carbonio che sembra essere un effetto termico, non correlato a un aumento delle molecole di monossido di carbonio. Il risultato più interessante è che, al contrario, la quantità di acqua nell’atmosfera sembra diminuire, segnale interpretato dagli astronomi come una reale diminuzione delle molecole d’acqua. Le temperature nell’alta atmosfera di Wasp-121b sono sufficientemente elevate da scindere le molecole d’acqua nei loro costituenti: questo risultato conferma l’esistenza di venti caldi che riscaldano la regione “serale”. Questa zona, infatti, assorbe più luce infrarossa rispetto al lato “mattutino”, in accordo con la visione comunemente accettata secondo cui venti potenti trasportano calore intenso dal giorno alla notte. I venti caldi seguono la rotazione del pianeta verso est, riscaldando la zona serale; con l’aumento delle temperature, questa regione si espande, aumentando la sezione trasversale del pianeta e permettendogli di assorbire più efficacemente la radiazione stellare.
«Wasp-121b è particolarmente estremo: le temperature medie nell’emisfero diurno si aggirano intorno ai 2770 kelvin, mentre quelle nell’emisfero notturno si avvicinano ai 1000 kelvin», spiega il coautore Tom Evans-Soma dell’Università di Newcastle, in Australia. L’esopianeta è infatti in rotazione sincrona con Wasp-121: il suo periodo di rotazione è uguale al periodo di rivoluzione intorno alla stella. La conseguenza di questo fenomeno è che Wasp-121b ha un emisfero caldo costantemente rivolto verso la stella e un emisfero opposto più oscuro e freddo. Durante il passaggio davanti alla stella, il pianeta ruota leggermente, raggiungendo circa 30 gradi di rotazione durante un transito completo. Questo ha permesso agli astronomi di osservare le due differenti zone dell’atmosfera: quella che guida l’orbita (leading), corrispondente al lato del mattino, e quella che segue (trailing), corrispondente al lato della sera.
Vista dall’alto dell’orbita dell’esopianeta Wasp-121b attorno alla sua stella. La rotazione del pianeta è sincronizzata con la sua orbita; di conseguenza, il pianeta presenta costantemente lo stesso lato alla stella, creando così un lato diurno e uno notturno ben distinti. Le zone di transizione tra questi due emisferi sono le regioni del mattino e della sera. Crediti: Mpia
Per verificare le temperature misurate, che potrebbero causare un’espansione locale, gli astronomi hanno simulato la distribuzione di calore negli strati superiori di un pianeta gassoso in base alle proprietà del pianeta e alle posizioni del pianeta e della sua stella ospite. Sebbene questi modelli atmosferici abbiano confermato l’asimmetria causata dalle variazioni spaziali di temperatura, i dati osservati hanno rivelato un’ampiezza del segnale maggiore rispetto a quanto previsto dai modelli, e per questo gli astronomi hanno ipotizzato che nella zona d’alba possano esserci meccanismi di raffreddamento che i modelli non considerano. Alcuni studi precedenti avevano suggerito la possibile presenza di nuvole, composte non da gocce d’acqua ma da minerali come i silicati. Le nuvole possono infatti schermare efficacemente la luce infrarossa emessa dagli strati gassosi caldi sottostanti, e di conseguenza le temperature appaiono più basse. Data la difficoltà nel simulare la fisica delle nuvole, della condensazione e dell’evaporazione in un ambiente dinamico, i modelli fisici comunemente applicati alle atmosfere degli esopianeti non tengono conto delle nuvole, e ciò può portare a risultati non realistici. Dopo aver modificato la simulazione per approssimare l’effetto che le nuvole hanno sulla radiazione infrarossa proveniente dagli strati più profondi, i risultati sono più coerenti con le osservazioni. Tuttavia, solo modelli più sofisticati saranno in grado di confermare con certezza la presenza di nuvole.
Gli astronomi hanno già individuato anche altri esopianeti che rientrano nell’intervallo di temperatura e nella velocità di rotazione richiesti per studiare con successo le regioni crepuscolari, in modo da costruire un campione di pianeti gassosi ultra-caldi e scoprire somiglianze e differenze tra questi mondi estremi.
Easily identified by the spectacular band of dark dust that partially obscures its bright core, Messier 64, or the Black Eye Galaxy, is characterized by its bizarre internal motion.
Easily identified by the spectacular band of dark dust that partially obscures its bright core, Messier 64, or the Black Eye Galaxy, is characterized by its bizarre internal motion.
NASA, CSA, ESA, F. Belfiore (European Southern Observatory – Germany), J. Lee (Space Telescope Science Institute), A. Leroy (The Ohio State University), and D. Thilker (The Johns Hopkins University); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America)
This March 20, 2026, image of Messier 64, or the Black Eye Galaxy, is a composite view from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope. It shows Messier 64 captured at near- and mid-infrared wavelengths by Webb, while Hubble’s image shows the galaxy in ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light.
Messier 64 is characterized by its bizarre internal motion. The gas in the outer regions of this spiral galaxy is rotating in the opposite direction from the gas and stars in its inner regions. This strange behavior may be the result of a merger between M64 and a satellite galaxy over a billion years ago.
Image credit: NASA, CSA, ESA, F. Belfiore (European Southern Observatory – Germany), J. Lee (Space Telescope Science Institute), A. Leroy (The Ohio State University), and D. Thilker (The Johns Hopkins University); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America)
L’annuncio è arrivato ieri da Tenerife, dov’erano riuniti i rappresentanti degli Stati membri dell’Agenzia spaziale europea per prendere decisioni di ampia portata sul futuro del programma scientifico dell’agenzia stessa: la scelta del Comitato consultivo per le scienze spaziali (Ssac, Space Science Advisory Committee) per la prossima missione di classe media – la cosiddetta M7 – è andata a Plasma Observatory, una missione la cui lead proposer è l’astrofisica Maria Federica Marcucci, ricercatrice all’Inaf Iaps di Roma.
«La missione nasce da una visione scientifica maturata nel corso degli ultimi anni grazie al contributo di una vasta comunità internazionale e consentirà di studiare per la prima volta in modo sistematico i processi fondamentali che governano il comportamento dei plasmi nello spazio attraverso osservazioni simultanee su diverse scale spaziali realizzate da una costellazione di sette satelliti», spiega Marcucci «Questa capacità osservativa multiscala senza precedenti permetterà di comprendere fenomeni fondamentali che avvengono nei plasmi che permeano l’intero universo e che hanno effetti diretti anche sull’ambiente spaziale che circonda la Terra».
Il team di Plasma Observatory. Crediti: Esa
«Come lead proposer della missione, insieme ad Alessandro Retinò (co-lead proposer) del Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas di Parigi, e chair dello science study team», continua Marcucci, «sono particolarmente orgogliosa del ruolo svolto dalla comunità italiana e dall’Inaf durante tutte le fasi dello studio. Ricercatrici e ricercatori dell’Istituto hanno partecipato attivamente ai gruppi di lavoro che hanno contribuito a definire gli obiettivi scientifici della missione. In questo contesto, un contributo fondamentale è stato fornito dall’Università della Calabria, attraverso la partecipazione di Francesco Valentini allo science study team, sul solco di una lunga e fruttuosa collaborazione».
«Desidero inoltre sottolineare il ruolo fondamentale svolto dall’Agenzia spaziale italiana, che ha consentito alla comunità scientifica nazionale di contribuire in modo sostanziale alla maturazione scientifica e tecnologica della proposta», ricorda Marcucci. «La raccomandazione di Plasma Observatory rappresenta anche il riconoscimento di questo investimento strategico perseguito con lungimiranza e continuità, nonché della capacità dell’Italia di valorizzare le competenze maturate ed essere protagonista nei grandi programmi scientifici europei, dalla definizione delle domande scientifiche fino alla realizzazione delle tecnologie necessarie per affrontarle.
Schema del processo di selezione di una missione di classe media dell’Esa. Crediti: Esa/Atg
La proposta del Comitato consultivo dell’Esa – che si avvale di gruppi di lavoro composti da scienziati esterni specializzati in diversi ambiti – arriva al termine di una durissima selezione: il numero delle missioni in gara, inizialmente 27, si è infatti ristretto progressivamente a cinque, poi a tre e infine, appunto, alla sola Plasma Observatory. Ora il Comitato per il programma scientifico (Spc, Science Programme Commitee) ha preso atto di questa raccomandazione e adotterà una decisione formale in merito nella prossima riunione, prevista per novembre 2026, una volta consolidati gli impegni finanziari relativi allo sviluppo della strumentazione.
This NASA Hubble Space Telescope image features the galaxy cluster MACS0329-0211.
NASA, ESA, M. Postman (STScI); Image Processing: G. Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America)
Looking somewhat like a swarm of bees returning to their hive, this NASA Hubble Space Telescope image features the galaxy cluster MACS0329-0211. Galaxy clusters like MACS0329-0211 are important signposts in the story of how the structure of the universe evolved, and are the ultimate telescopic lenses, placing gravitationally lensed galaxies from the earliest stages of the universe into our view.
Zoom into this galaxy swarm and you will find large, oval-shaped elliptical galaxies, and thin spiral and lenticular galaxies viewed from the edge. We can also see the full, face-on view of spiral galaxies and their curving spiral arms. The image’s upper-right quadrant holds faint arcs of distant galaxies gravitationally lensed by the cluster’s massive gravity. The largest of these arcs appears above the bright oval shape of a giant elliptical galaxy. Closer inspection of the image’s center reveals several bright-white intersecting curves that appear as a distorted figure eight. This may be another distant galaxy whose light was magnified and distorted by this massive cluster’s gravity.
Hubble looked at MACS0329-0211 as part of an observing program of X-ray bright galaxy clusters. Researchers used Hubble’s two main cameras, the Advanced Camera for Surveys and its Wide Field Camera 3, to gather data visible and infrared light from the cluster. Hubble’s ability to see such a broad spectrum of light makes it a valuable tool in understanding the very nature of these galaxy clusters.
I modelli di emissione del cielo radio giocano un ruolo chiave per studiare l’universo alle basse frequenze. Uno studio pubblicato questa settimana su Nature Astronomy suggerisce che questi modelli raccontano una storia incompleta: il cielo radio è più luminoso di quanto pensassimo.
La brillanza del cielo a basse frequenze radio – tra 60 e 350 megahertz – è stata misurata con una precisione senza precedenti da un team internazionale di ricerca guidato dall’agenzia scientifica australiana Csiro. Secondo il team, uno dei modelli di riferimento più utilizzati in radioastronomia sottostima la luminosità del cielo di circa il 20 per cento alle frequenze più basse considerate, arrivando fino al 50 per cento a 350 megahertz.
Pietro Bolli in Australia al sito di Mwa/Ska-Low. Crediti: Inaf
Per capire meglio le implicazioni di queste misure, Media Inaf ha intervistato uno dei coautori dello studio, Pietro Bolli, dirigente tecnologo all’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica e responsabile per la progettazione e l’analisi elettromagnetica dei sistemi d’antenna di Ska-Low, le antenne a bassa frequenza dell’Osservatorio Ska.
Qual è l’importanza di questo risultato?
«Si tratta di una misura assoluta dell’emissione diffusa dell’emisfero australe, ottenuta attraverso un’accurata calibrazione strumentale. Questo risultato indica la necessità di introdurre termini correttivi rispetto ai modelli attualmente in utilizzo dalla comunità scientifica, basati perlopiù su misure effettuate decenni fa».
Come influenzerà la radioastronomia il nuovo cielo radio?
«Il contesto attuale è particolarmente interessato a questo tema. Nei prossimi decenni la radioastronomia a bassa frequenza sarà infatti dominata dal più grande radiotelescopio mai concepito, Ska-Low. La calibrazione di un interferometro del genere è un passaggio fondamentale per la corretta interpretazione dei dati raccolti. Il nuovo risultato è proprio un follow-up dell’attività di ricerca volta a individuare ed ottimizzare le strategie di calibrazione più efficaci per Ska-Low. La misura presentata è stata condotta utilizzando un’antenna Skala 4.1, che è proprio il modello di antenna scelto per Ska-Low, assieme a un ricevitore sviluppato in Australia da Csiro per misure radiometriche assolute a elevata precisione».
Potrebbe cambiare qualcosa in ciò che sappiamo dell’universo?
«Avere una conoscenza più accurata possibile dell’emissione diffusa dell’universo radio è fondamentale per ottenere modelli di riferimento affidabili e conseguentemente calibrare l’osservazione. L’emissione radio del cielo, a basse frequenze, è dominata dai processi di radiazione di sincrotrone nella nostra galassia e dalle emissioni di tutte le sorgenti extragalattiche. Conoscere con precisione questo contributo è vitale in vari ambiti astrofisici, in particolare per tracciare i processi astrofisici dell’universo primordiale. Inoltre, la conferma di un eccesso di radiazione all’estremo più alto della banda di frequenza farà crescere l’interesse a indagare ipotesi alternative per la sua spiegazione, come ad esempio la presenza di un forte processo di annichilazione della materia oscura nell’universo primordiale».
L’antenna e il ricevitore utilizzati per le osservazioni presso Inyarrimanha Ilgari Bundara, il Murchison Radio-Astronomy Observatory del Csiro, nel territorio del popolo Wajarri. Crediti: Ravi Subrahmanyan
Le vostre misure possono essere considerate un’anticipazione delle capacità scientifiche del futuro Osservatorio Ska?
«Il nostro lavoro usa una singola antenna, che osserva una regione del cielo estremamente ampia, detta all-sky. Si differenzia quindi nettamente dall’interferometro Ska-Low, che viceversa, usando centinaia di stazioni costituite da 256 antenne ciascuna, permetterà di avere risoluzioni angolari estremamente fini e sensibilità elevatissime. Allo stesso tempo, questo lavoro conferma la solidità del progetto dell’antenna, ovvero di un elemento fondamentale nella complessità tecnologica di Ska-Low. Molti dei dati di simulazione usati in questo studio saranno trasferiti anche per la calibrazione e caratterizzazione elettromagnetica delle stazioni di Ska-Low».
Qual è stato il contributo dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica?
«La tecnica utilizzata richiede una caratterizzazione estremamente dettagliata del sistema di ricezione, composto dall’antenna e da successivi stadi a radiofrequenza, in modo da cancellare gli effetti strumentali dai dati ottenuti. Come Inaf, abbiamo contribuito al lavoro dei colleghi australiani fornendo risultati da simulazioni elettromagnetiche dell’antenna Skala 4.1 che potessero essere inseriti nella procedura di calibrazione. Le simulazioni effettuate hanno cercato di rappresentare in maniera più fedele possibile le prestazioni dell’antenna all’interno dell’ambiente operativo. Aggiungerei che con la partecipazione a questo e ad altri studi, l’Inaf capitalizza una strategia partita più di quindici anni fa, di investimento di risorse significative per lo sviluppo tecnologico di grandi infrastrutture di ricerca. Il gruppo tecnologico Ska-Low coordinato da Jader Monari dell’Istituto di Radioastronomia, ha svolto un ruolo di rilievo internazionale nella progettazione di numerosi elementi della catena di ricezione di Ska-Low. La progettazione e sviluppo dell’antenna Skala4.1 e le sofisticate simulazioni elettromagnetiche sono esempi concreti di attività di ricerca in cui Inaf, con i propri partner istituzionali e industriali, ha creato una legacy nel progetto Ska di cui ora raccoglie i frutti».
A pair of Landsat images shows 40 years of westward urban expansion from Guadalajara, Mexico. The Thematic Mapper on Landsat 5 captured the left image in 1986; the Operational Land Imager on Landsat 8 captured the right image in 2026.
A pair of Landsat images shows 40 years of westward urban expansion from Guadalajara, Mexico. The Thematic Mapper on Landsat 5 captured the left image in 1986; the Operational Land Imager on Landsat 8 captured the right image in 2026.
NASA Earth Observatory / Lauren Dauphin
A pair of Landsat images shows 40 years of westward urban expansion from Guadalajara, Mexico. The Thematic Mapper on Landsat 5 captured the left image in 1986; the Operational Land Imager on Landsat 8 captured the right image in 2026.
A pair of Landsat images shows 40 years of westward urban expansion from Guadalajara, Mexico. The Thematic Mapper on Landsat 5 captured the left image in 1986; the Operational Land Imager on Landsat 8 captured the right image in 2026.
NASA Earth Observatory / Lauren Dauphin
April 13, 1986
April 27, 2026
April 13, 1986 – April 27, 2026
A pair of Landsat images shows 40 years of westward urban expansion from Guadalajara, Mexico. The TM (Thematic Mapper) on Landsat 5 captured the left image in 1986; the OLI (Operational Land Imager) on Landsat 8 captured the right image in 2026.
Guadalajara, Mexico, was quite a different place when it last hosted World Cup games 40 years ago. The city welcomed matches in June 1986 and did so again in 2026, when South Korea faced Czechia at Guadalajara Stadium in the opening round of the 2026 FIFA World Cup.
In 1986, Guadalajara Stadium had not yet been built in Zapopan, the fast-growing municipality just northwest of Guadalajara. Many of that year’s World Cup matches were held instead at Jalisco Stadium in northeastern Guadalajara. It was in that stadium that France defeated Brazil in a penalty shootout in the 1986 quarterfinals, in what is widely regarded as one of the most memorable World Cup games of all time.
As seen in the Landsat images above, the land where Guadalajara Stadium (also called Estadio Akron) now sits was farmland in 1986. The new stadium, built in 2010 to host Mexico’s Club Deportivo Guadalajara, or Chivas, lies near the Sierra la Primavera volcanic complex, a rugged landscape full of lava flows, volcanic domes, steam vents, and hot springs. The architects who designed the stadium took inspiration from the nearby volcanic terrain, creating a structure that rises from a grassy earthen berm meant to resemble the flanks of a volcano, topped with a white roof reminiscent of a volcanic cloud.
About 95,000 years ago, the volcanic system underneath Sierra la Primavera produced a massive eruption that caused a caldera 11 kilometers (7 miles) in diameter to slump downward. Water filled the depression for tens of thousands of years, but tectonic uplift and the accumulation of sediment eventually led to the demise of the lake. Erosion wore away the softer surrounding rock over time, leaving harder, erosion-resistant volcanic rocks within the circular feature that now stand high above the surrounding terrain.
Starting about 60,000 years ago, several lava domes erupted along the southern edge of the caldera. The youngest of them, Cerro del Colli, formed about 30,000 years ago, leaving the dome-shaped feature just south of the stadium and contributing to a broader landscape dotted with other volcanic domes and cinder cones.
Today, much of the original caldera has been preserved as a forested area known as La Primavera Biosphere Reserve, even as development has partially encircled it during the past 40 years. The population of the Guadalajara metro area has grown from about 2.7 million in 1986 to more than 5.5 million now, with particularly rapid growth in Zapopan, a burgeoning tech hub sometimes billed as “Mexico’s Silicon Valley.” A prominent development visible in Landsat images is Guadalajara Technology Park, one of several new industrial parks in Zapopan. New greenhouses have also come to the area en masse, including south of the reserve, where they are mostly used to grow fruits and vegetables.
World Cup fever runs particularly high in Guadalajara, which is hosting World Cup matches for the third time. During Brazil’s legendary title run in 1970, when Pelé led the team, Jalisco Stadium was the venue for Brazil’s first-round, quarterfinal, and semifinal matches. To commemorate him, the city in May 2026 erected a 9.5-meter (31-foot) bronze statue of the iconic football (soccer) player.
Even the animals at Guadalajara Zoo are taking part in the festivities, with elephants, gorillas, giraffes, capybaras, pumas, and macaws “predicting” match winners by choosing between food, shirts, boxes, soccer balls, and other items. A puma named Muluk predicted South Korea would beat Czechia by sniffing and moving a ball, one newspaper reported.
Guadalajara will host four first-round matches: South Korea vs. Czechia on June 12, Mexico vs. South Korea on June 18, Colombia vs. Democratic Republic of the Congo on June 23, and Uruguay vs. Spain on June 26.
NASA Earth Observatory images by Lauren Dauphin, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Story by Adam Voiland.
NASA Award Boosts Space Technology Research Capabilities
NASA is introducing a new funding opportunity to accelerate academic research and technology development. The Minority University Research and Education Project Space Technology Artemis Research (M‑STAR) application window opened Thursday and will remain open through 11:59 p.m. EDT on Tuesday, Aug. 11.
The research funded through this award supports the agency’s priorities for exploring the Moon, Mars, and deep space, while strengthening eligible institutions in the future of space exploration. Through M-STAR, institutions are encouraged to grow their scientific and engineering capabilities, enhance faculty and student engagement in aerospace research, and expand their ability to compete for future federal and commercial research awards.
Administered by NASA’s Office of STEM Engagement, this initiative contributes to NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate, and supports the agency’s broader mission to develop innovative technologies that improve space transportation, human exploration, robotic discovery, and the growing space economy.
NASA’s Office of STEM Engagement fosters an ecosystem across education, industry, and government to cultivate a well‑prepared talent pool, while the agency’s Space Technology Mission Directorate develops the transformative space technologies that enable future NASA missions and ensure U.S. leadership in aerospace. Together, they accelerate mission readiness by aligning cutting edge technological innovation with the workforce needed to carry it forward.
For complete eligibility information, help session registration, and to submit an M-STAR proposal, visit:
NASA’s Chandra Discovers Possible Supernova Remnant in Galactic Center
Using data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, astronomers may have found a supernova remnant in an intriguing neighborhood in the middle of our galaxy. A paper describing these new findings published in The Astrophysical Journal.
Supernova remnants are the expanding remains of exploded stars and provide elements – like iron, oxygen, and silicon – that are critical for the formation of planets and for life as we know it to form and flourish.
This new supernova remnant, if confirmed, would be one of the closest ever discovered to the supermassive black hole at the central region of the Milky Way galaxy, an exotic region crammed with massive stars, long threads of magnetic fields and dense clouds of gas orbiting rapidly around the Galactic Center.
Astronomers may have uncovered a new supernova remnant in a star-forming region near the center of the Milky Way galaxy using data from Chandra and XMM-Newton. If confirmed, this would be one of the closest supernova remnants to the supermassive black hole in the Galactic Center. This image shows the region where the evidence was found, which contains X-rays from Chandra and XMM-Newton, radio data from the MeerKAT telescope in South Africa, and an optical image from the Pan-STARRS telescopes in Hawaii.
X-ray: NASA/CXC/UCLA/Z. Zhu et al.; ESA/XMM-Newton; Optical: PanSTARRS; Radio: MeerKAT; Infrared (JWST): NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI; Image Processing: NASA/CXC/SAO/L. Frattare and P. Edmonds
A new composite image of this region contains X-rays from Chandra and ESA’s (European Space Agency’s) XMM-Newton mission (shown in blue) as well as radio data from the MeerKAT telescope (shown in red) in South Africa. These have been combined with an optical image from the Pan-STARRS telescopes in Hawaii (red, green, and blue). The plane of the galaxy runs horizontally from left to right in the image, and the central black hole is off to the left of the image.
The evidence for the new supernova remnant, located about 26,000 light-years from Earth, comes from X-ray data from Chandra and XMM-Newton. The X-ray data reveals a “blob” of X-ray emission that may come from the remains of a massive star that self-destructed as a supernova, buried within the larger cloud of expanding gas.
The location of this suspected supernova remnant in the image is labeled with a circle.
It is in a bubble of gas that has had electrons stripped away from hydrogen – called an “H II region” – surrounding a massive, young star. This bubble is a bright source of radio emission called Sagittarius C.
If this is indeed a supernova remnant, then it is expanding at about two million miles per hour and is at least about 1,700 years old. Previously, observations with NASA’s now-retired SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy) mission had shown evidence for an expanding shell of gas surrounding Sagittarius C. This gave astronomers a hint that a stellar explosion had occurred in the same spot.
The long filaments seen in the radio image are caused by energetic particles travelling along magnetic fields that are mostly directed perpendicular to the plane of the galaxy.
The nuclear fusion engines of stars create elements from hydrogen and helium that were abundant at the beginning of the universe. When stars explode at the end of their lives as supernovae, they send these newly synthesized elements into interstellar space and provide material for the next generation of stars and planets.
The team of astronomers searched the X-ray data for signs of increased amounts of key elements in the remnant, which would have been caused by the stellar explosion blasting them into space. While they did not see an enhancement, this could imply that the stellar debris has already mixed with the surrounding gas.
An alternative explanation for the X-ray blob is that the hot gas comes from a collection of massive stars in the region. The authors of the recent study don’t think this explanation is likely, because the X-ray emission from the blob is more than ten times brighter than the X-ray emission of large, known stellar clusters with bright, massive stars.
An additional image shows data from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope added to the X-ray and radio data. The light blue color represents infrared light from gas in the H II region, and the darker blue depicts X-rays from the supernova remnant candidate, on the right side of the image. X-rays near the center of the image are associated with the H II region, possibly caused by material blown away by massive stars that has heated gas to millions of degrees, producing X-rays.
Sagittarius C, close-up image adding NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope data to the X-ray and radio data.
The study’s authors are Zhenlin Zhu and Mark Morris of the University of California, Los Angeles; Gabriele Ponti of Italy’s National Institute for Astrophysics; and Ping Zhou of Nanjing University in China.
NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, manages the Chandra program. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory’s Chandra X-ray Center controls science operations from Cambridge, Massachusetts, and flight operations from Burlington, Massachusetts.
Visual Description
This release features a composite image of colorful, overlapping clouds, which suggests to astronomers that a supernova remnant may be buried in gas near the center of our Milky Way galaxy.
Set against a backdrop packed with distant stars and other specks of light are two distinct, overlapping clouds. The larger, visually dominant cloud, is red and multifaceted. It has an irregular shape, and features patches of different textures, including pockets that resemble wispy smoke, tangles of faint red veins, and clear streaking lines. This large cloud of expanding gas represents radio data from the MeerKAT telescope in South Africa.
Overlapping with that red cloud is a cloudy blue blob representing X-ray data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESA’s XMM-Newton. Astronomers suggest that this blue blob of X-ray emissions is the remains of a massive star destroyed by a supernova.
Listen to this audio excerpt from Elkin Norena, resident management officer, NASA’s Space Launch System Program:
0:00 / 0:00
NASA’s Elkin Norena has helped the agency launch more than a dozen space shuttle missions – that’s more than a dozen crews to low Earth orbit and more than a dozen historic missions. They were missions that helped build the International Space Station, that provided a final servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope, and that performed critical science experiments that improved life right here on Earth.
Today, he continues that work as the manager of the Resident Management Office for SLS at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, helping launch America’s rocket – the SLS (Space Launch System) – and the Orion spacecraft with its international quartet of astronauts on the Artemis II mission to fly by the Moon and return home.
Elkin Norena, who serves as an SLS resident management officer at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, stands in front of an RS-25 engine.
NASA
As resident manager, Norena provides onsite SLS support for NASA’s Exploration Ground Systems team that is responsible for preparing, stacking, testing, and launching SLS and Orion. He is also the eyes and ears for the SLS Program, providing an avenue of communications back to the program, which is managed at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.
It is the continuation of a childhood dream to be part of space exploration.
“When I was a kid in New Jersey, I watched a space shuttle launch in class one day,” said Norena. “When I watched the power of launch and the brave astronauts going to explore, I knew I had to be a part of that one day. I wanted to become an astronaut.”
The dream to join the space program led the Colombia native to the University of Central Florida in Orlando, where he majored in computer engineering, just miles from the Space Coast and in view of space shuttle launches like the ones he once watched on TV.
When that clock ticks down to T-10 minutes, everybody’s just waiting. You wait for the automated system to kick in. You hold your breath and watch the clock go down to T-0. Then BOOM, launch happens, and you know it was all worth it.
Elkin Norena
Resident management officer, NASA Space Launch System Program
Following college, he joined NASA contractor United Space Alliance at NASA Kennedy, and in 2008 he joined the NASA Kennedy team as a civil servant, working on the same spacecraft that inspired him to pursue the space program as a child.
“I started off in the Space Shuttle Program as an electrical engineer. Then I moved into the firing room for 17 different shuttle missions as a flight termination engineer. It was exciting to be part of all those missions and build the International Space Station,” Norena said.
The Milky Way stretches above Dry Tortugas National Park in Florida.
Elkin Norena
Using those experiences, he became one of the original SLS team members. He was a part of the teams that successfully launched Artemis I and II and is now critical to the upcoming Artemis III mission.
Away from the launch pad, Norena’s hobbies orbit around his teenage daughters, participating in their activities. He also keeps a keen eye on space and is an avid astrophotographer.
“I love capturing the Milky Way! I’ve traveled to Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and all across the western United States,” he said. “A great spot that’s closer for me is Dry Tortugas National Park beyond Key West.”
No matter how he explores space, Norena believes Artemis II is more than just a mission.
“This is historic. I grew up watching the shuttle missions, learning about Apollo, and wanting to be part of those Moon missions. We built the space station. The space shuttle explored space and technology on many levels,” he said. “Now, it’s our turn with Artemis to get back to the Moon, and this time to stay there. I’m excited to be part of the generation that does that.”
NASA Robotic Tech Demo Will Advance Prototype Gamma-Ray Detectors
A new type of gamma-ray sensor developed by NASA, called AstroPix, will take part in a robotic arm demonstration on the agency’s upcoming Fly Foundational Robots mission, set to launch in late 2027.
Gamma rays are the highest-energy form of light. Scientists observe them coming from events like lightning in Earth’s atmosphere, powerful solar flares from our Sun, and cosmic collisions in distant galaxies. The sensors on the AstroPix technology demonstration are designed to measure gamma rays between 20,000 and 700,000 electron volts. For comparison, visible light’s energy falls between 2 and 3 electron volts.
But for energies between 500,000 to 1 million electron volts, existing detectors are less sensitive. This range is where many powerful explosions called gamma-ray bursts shine the brightest. It’s also where astronomers expect to see the strongest glow from the most massive and distant active galaxies powered by black holes. By stacking AstroPix detectors in future missions, scientists could bridge this gap and improve observations of these cosmic objects to better understand the processes that create and drive them.
“The Fly Foundational Robots spacecraft is also a technology demonstration, so the projects were a good fit for each other,” said Dan Violette, an AstroPix team member and post-doctoral fellow at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “We need to thoroughly test AstroPix’s performance before we can use the sensors in future science missions. We’ve flown comparable technologies on a scientific balloon mission, and the current prototype eventually will be part of a sounding rocket payload. Many of those flight opportunities only reach near space, though. It’s not often that technology demonstrations like ours can find a ride into orbit.”
Each AstroPix chip has four silicon pixel gamma-ray detectors. Each of these detectors incorporates 1,225 pixels. AstroPix detectors, which are developed by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., function similarly to the sensors in cellphone cameras except they are sensitive to gamma-ray light.
Image courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory
Each AstroPix chip contains four silicon pixel gamma-ray detectors, and each detector incorporates 1,225 pixels. The chips function similarly to the sensors in cell phone cameras.
The AstroPix Satellite Technology dEmonstration Payload, also known as A-STEP, will be hosted within the Fly Foundational Robots mission’s Orbital Replacement Unit, a movable module built by Rocket Lab Robotics. Rocket Lab Robotics also will provide a robotic arm that will pick up and reposition the unit during flight and perform in-orbit operations as part of a robotic servicing demonstration. The A-STEP payload will collect its data following the repositioning. Astro Digital will provide the spacecraft.
The Orbital Replacement Unit was designed to support power and data interfaces for a payload, but the original plan called for the robotic arm to reposition the module without one. As mission development progressed, however, the Fly Foundational Robots team identified an opportunity to further maximize the mission’s value by integrating an additional technology demonstration that could fit within the 11.8-inch (30-centimeter) cube.
“The unit already had the volume, power, and data needed to support the AstroPix team’s design,” said Bo Naasz, senior technical lead, In-space Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing in the Space Technology Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “One of our major goals with Fly Foundational Robots is to demonstrate robotic changeout of payloads in orbit, enabling upgrades or improvements to satellites and space instruments at a fraction of the cost of a full mission. Allowing AstroPix to complete its own technology demonstration in orbit is a bonus.”
NASA’s Fly Foundational Robots mission will be hosted aboard a spacecraft provided by Astro Digital of Littleton, Colo., as shown in this artist’s concept. The robotic arm, provided by Motiv Space Systems in Pasadena, Calif., will perform a technology demonstration in orbit, including picking up and moving a small box containing the agency’s AstroPix gamma-ray sensors.
Rocket Lab Robotics
The AstroPix team is working to deliver their hardware this September, and it will be integrated into the Fly Foundational Robots payload before final integration onto the spacecraft. The Orbital Replacement Unit will hold the chips and all the associated electronics needed to provide power, and collect and transmit data during flight.
NASA’s Fly Foundational Robots mission is funded through the Space Technology Mission Directorate’s ISAM portfolio, managed at NASA Goddard. Rocket Lab Robotics will supply the mission’s robotic arm system through a NASA Small Business Innovation Research Phase III award. Astro Digital will host the orbital flight test of the arm through NASA’s Flight Opportunities program, managed at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California. The development of AstroPix was supported by NASA’s Astrophysics Division in the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters, through the agency’s Astrophysics Research and Analysis Program, and funded through the Nancy Grace Roman Technology Fellowship.
A soccer ball floats in microgravity in this March 2, 2026, picture from the International Space Station. The space station crew tested soccer balls to study how internal mass affects motion and stability in microgravity. The findings have improved understanding of how embedded technologies, including match-ball sensors, can influence performance during play.
A soccer ball floats in microgravity in this March 2, 2026, picture from the International Space Station. The space station crew tested soccer balls to study how internal mass affects motion and stability in microgravity. The findings have improved understanding of how embedded technologies, including match-ball sensors, can influence performance during play.
A soccer ball floats in microgravity in this March 2, 2026, picture from the International Space Station. The space station crew tested soccer balls to study how internal mass affects motion and stability in microgravity. The findings have improved understanding of how embedded technologies, including match-ball sensors, can influence performance during play.
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)
Students participate in a hands-on robotics demonstration during Career Technical Education Day at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia.
NASA/Mark Knopp
At NASA, remaining a global leader in exploration and innovation includes having a skilled and dedicated workforce. Technicians play a critical role in advancing the agency’s research and missions, applying hands-on expertise across engineering, fabrication, electronics, and countless other technical fields.
To help cultivate the next generation of technical talent, NASA’s Office of STEM Engagement hosted Career Technical Education Day recently at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. One hundred high school and community college students from Virginia and North Carolina attended, eager to explore the technical career paths that help drive NASA’s work.
“Many students picture NASA as only astronauts or engineers and therefore never consider a career at NASA to be within their reach,” said Bonnie Murray, lead for the Office of STEM Engagement at NASA Langley. “Bringing students from local career and technical education programs to Langley allows them the opportunity to see technicians at work, hear the pathways those technicians followed, and understand how the skills they are developing in their related classes have a place in the NASA workforce.”
The event opened with remarks from NASA Langley’s Steve Gayle, who traced his path from an engineering technician co-op in the center’s Fabrication Division and a graduate of Langley’s Engineering Technician Apprentice Program to his current role as acting associate director. Gayle encouraged students to embrace challenges, think critically, stay curious, and create their own opportunities as they pursue their career goals.
“We need young, bright minds,” Gayle said. “At NASA, we rely on skilled hands-on professionals — technicians who operate our wind tunnels, apply their skills in our fabrication shops, and use their electronics knowledge to design, test, and build critical systems.”
Students visit NASA Langley Research Center’s model shop during Career Technical Education Day to learn about the materials and techniques technicians use to build model aircraft and spacecraft.
NASA/Ryan Hill
Throughout the day, students toured several of Langley’s world-class facilities, including the historic Landing and Impact Research Facility and one of the center’s wind tunnels. At each stop, they received a behind-the-scenes look at the spaces where NASA technicians build, test, and refine the tools and technologies that support the agency’s missions. The technicians spoke with students about their work, their career paths, and the skills needed to excel in technical roles.
Hands-on demonstrations and interactive activities lead by NASA technicians and aerospace industry partners helped students connect their classroom experience with real-world applications. Whether observing fabrication techniques, seeing instrumentation up close, or engaging with engineering demonstrations, participants experienced how STEM and technical skills directly translate into meaningful careers.
“Through events such as this, NASA seeks to prepare students for aerospace careers through experiences and investments that strengthen research capacity, build technical expertise, and expand reach in alignment with agency missions and needs,” Murray said. The event ended with a career panel moderated by NASA astronaut Joe Acaba, associate director of mission and strategy at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston and former math and science teacher. The panel featured four Langley technician apprentices who shared insights into their roles and the value of strong foundational skills in technical fields.
Wyatt Healy, mechanical engineering technician apprentice at NASA’s Langley Research Center, answers questions during a career panel featuring NASA Langley technician apprentices during Career Technical Education Day.
NASA/Ryan Hill
“A basic grasp of how software, systems, and even everyday items function goes a long way as you progress in your technician journey,” said Wyatt Healy, mechanical engineering technician apprentice at NASA Langley. “When you have those fundamentals down, learning the more advanced concepts becomes much easier. It doesn’t happen overnight, but with a strong foundation, the sky is the limit.”
By connecting students with NASA professionals, facilities, and hands-on experiences, the event showcased a broad range of opportunities available in technical careers. It also underscored NASA’s commitment to building a strong, skilled workforce equipped to support the agency’s mission and tackle the challenges of tomorrow.
For more information about opportunities to connect students with NASA’s mission, work, and people, visit:
Geologists recently converged on a site near Barstow, California, to ground-truth a mineral discovery made on public land by a NASA JPL sensor flying aboard a plane overhead.
NASA/JPL-Caltech
Equipped with rock picks and hand lenses, a team of geoscientists deployed to the Mojave Desert recently to investigate a tantalizing “fingerprint” detected by a NASA sensor. Their target: a cache of topaz hiding in plain sight.
The geologists weren’t searching for gem-grade treasure. Rather, the presence of topaz could hint at a more valuable deposit below of something known as porphyry copper.
One of the world’s primary sources of copper, these deposits are left behind when magma and hot water from deep underground course through Earth’s crust, chemically transforming the surrounding rock. This tends to occur where one tectonic plate dives below another, known as a subduction zone, such as the North American Cordillera, which stretches from the Canadian Rockies to western Mexico.
California’s high desert stretches below a bright spring sky in April 2026. NASA and USGS scientists are using airborne remote sensing to home in on potential sources of critical minerals here and across the Western U.S.
NASA/JPL-Caltech
In addition to copper — the third most used metal in the world after steel and aluminum — the deposits can hold other critical minerals like molybdenum and tellurium, which are used in everything from steelmaking to solar panels. Finding the deposits isn’t easy. Geologists look for topaz because it forms under the same volcanic conditions.
For the team in the Mojave, the goal was to collect more evidence. That would require boots on the ground and a heavy bag of samples. The scientists who converged on the site included three experts from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Robert Green of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California.
“What we’re doing out here is geologic CSI,” said Green, referring to the investigative TV show, as he split open a weathered red rock to expose a sparkling core. “We’re looking for clues to reconstruct what happened here.”
Three-dimensional image cubes illustrate the volume of data captured by NASA imaging spectrometers. The front face shows an aerial view of the Mojave Desert. The colorful side panels reveal what no eye or camera can detect: the spectral fingerprints of minerals present in every pixel.
NASA/JPL-Caltech
Next-generation mineral mapping
The sensor that detected the topaz deposit on public land near Barstow, California, was built at JPL. Called AVIRIS, short for Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer, it analyzes reflected sunlight and can be used to identify chemicals and minerals by their unique spectral fingerprint. The technology was pioneered in the early 1980s by a team that included Green, and space-hardened versions have explored the Moon, Mars, and other rocky bodies in the solar system in the decades since.
While its cousins study distant worlds aboard spacecraft, the AVIRIS line of sensors is advancing Earth science from aircraft. The latest model, AVIRIS-5, recently took to the skies for the first time as part of the NASA-USGS Geologic Earth Mapping Experiment (GEMx). The goal of GEMx is to identify sources of critical minerals across the American West, including in the waste rock of active and legacy mines. It is led by the USGS as part of its larger, nationwide initiative.
Carrying next-generation sensors, a high-altitude NASA ER-2 aircraft takes off from the agency’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, on March 31, 2026, to support the GEMx mineral mapping campaign.
NASA/Carla Thomas
Since 2023, GEMx flights have covered more than 386,000 square miles (1 million square kilometers) of American soil, including most of California.
Ground-truthing the sensor data can entail hot field work, scrambling over steep crags to uncover samples for lab analysis. While testing has confirmed the topaz discovery, determining if the Mojave site overlies a porphyry copper deposit will require intensive investigation using ground-penetrating equipment. But the AVIRIS finding shows how advanced NASA airborne sensing can help lead geologists to the metaphorical needle in a haystack, even in heavily explored Southern California.
“People have been prospecting this area for generations,” said Erik Tharalson, a USGS geologist. “But there’s a lot more to discover.”
High flyer
From the beginning, the GEMx mineral mapping campaign has been enabled by one of the highest-flying aircraft in NASA’s fleet: the ER‑2. It deployed on March 31 from NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, to Colorado Springs Airport in Colorado.
“We deployed to Colorado Springs to maximize flight time for data collection needed in Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas,” said John McGrath, ER‑2 project manager at NASA Armstrong.
By the conclusion of this deployment on June 5, the aircraft had completed 26 flights totaling more than 125 hours. Soaring at about 65,000 feet, the ER-2 can fly at high altitudes that allow it to collect broad‑area, high‑resolution spectral measurements in a single pass, supporting researchers studying mineral composition and surface processes.
In 2025, the aircraft flew 36 science missions, collecting more than 7 billion measurements over 200 flight hours. The data has contributed to the largest airborne surface mineralogy dataset gathered in a single NASA-USGS campaign.
The GEMx survey is led and funded by the USGS Earth Mapping Resources Initiative. Earth MRI is modernizing mapping the nation’s surface and subsurface to find new, critical, and other minerals. It is a partnership effort with 45 state geological surveys, federal agencies, private industry, tribes, universities, and others. The initiative will capitalize on both the technology developed by NASA for spectroscopic imaging, as well as the USGS expertise in analyzing the datasets, conducting field work, and deriving critical mineral information from them.
Katalyst Space’s LINK robotic servicing satellite awaits encapsulation inside a Northrop Grumman Pegasus XL on June 8, 2026, at NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. The rocket will carry LINK to space for an attempted orbital boost of NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory.
Credit: NASA/Ron Beard
NASA will host an audio-only media teleconference at 11 a.m. EDT, Wednesday, June 17, to preview the Katalyst Space mission to boost the orbit of NASA’s Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory.
Katalyst’s robotic servicing spacecraft, called LINK, will attempt to rendezvous with Swift and raise its altitude, extending its science mission lifespan and advancing a key capability for the future of space exploration. The LINK spacecraft will launch on Northrop Grumman’s Pegasus XL rocket later this month from Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands.
Media interested in participating by phone must RSVP no later than two hours before the start of the call to Amy Barra at: amy.l.barra@nasa.gov. NASA’s media accreditation policy is available online.
Audio of the media teleconference will stream on the agency’s website at:
The Swift mission, which launched in 2004, leads NASA’s fleet of telescopes in studying changes in the high-energy universe, like gamma-ray bursts, which are the most powerful explosions in the cosmos. When a rapid, sudden event takes place in the sky, Swift serves as a “dispatcher,” providing critical information that allows other “first responder” missions to follow up to learn more about how the universe works.
After 21 years, Swift’s low Earth orbit has begun to rapidly decay because of increased solar activity. Rather than allowing the observatory to re-enter Earth’s atmosphere, as many missions do at the end of their lifetimes, NASA is using this opportunity to advance U.S. spacecraft servicing technology. In September 2025, NASA awarded a contract to Katalyst to mount a robotic servicing mission for Swift in less than a year. The mission will use LINK to rendezvous with Swift and boost it to a higher altitude, demonstrating a key capability for the future of space exploration. The mission is targeted for launch in June from Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands.
Learn more about the mission to boost Swift’s orbit at:
Avete presente la celebre Nebulosa di Orione? Ecco, nascosto dietro il suo gas e la sua polvere si trova un oggetto altrettanto spettacolare e variopinto: il complesso delle Nubi Molecolari di Orione, visibile in questa immagine grazie allo strumento agli infrarossi NirCam di Jwst, il James Webb Space Telescope. Selezionata come picture of the month di Jwst per il mese di giugno 2026, riesce a mostrarci uno scenario altrimenti invisibile: in banda ottica, infatti, la luce viene assorbita completamente dal materiale della nebulosa antistante, rendendo le osservazioni impossibili a lunghezze d’onda minori di quelle infrarosse.
Regione all’interno di una nube molecolare in cui si formano le stelle. Lo sfondo è ricoperto da strati di gas e polvere dai colori blu, verde e giallastri. Agglomerati più densi di polvere fredda, di colore che va dal marrone scuro al nero, bloccano completamente la luce. Le stelle si trovano sia all’interno che sopra le nubi, dalle quelle piccole arancioni alle grandi stelle bianche o blu. Le onde e i flussi di gas incandescente di colore biancastro sono generati dai getti delle protostelle che entrano in collisione con il materiale circostante. Crediti: Esa/Webb, Nasa & Csa, T. Megeath, M. Zamani (Esa/Webb)
In realtà, il complesso si divide in quattro parti, denominate da Omc-1 a Omc-4, e la foto scattata da Webb cattura solo una piccola parte di Omc-2, distante 1280 anni luce da noi: una regione ampia circa 150 anni luce in cui è in atto un’intensa attività di formazione stellare che dà origine a questa scenografica composizione di colori.
Le nubi molecolari, infatti, sono enormi agglomerati di gas freddo, molto più densi del mezzo interstellare circostante, ed è proprio questa elevata densità che permette al gas di collassare sotto l’azione della gravità, dando origine alle protostelle, il primo stadio del processo di formazione stellare. Man mano che il materiale continua a precipitare sulla protostella in formazione, si riscalda progressivamente e parte dell’enorme energia liberata durante il processo viene convertita in potenti getti di gas espulsi dai poli della stella. Questi getti generano onde d’urto ad alta velocità che attraversano il gas circostante, comprimendolo e riscaldandolo fino a produrre caratteristiche creste luminose ben definite. Nell’immagine è possibile individuare la posizione delle protostelle, ancora nascoste all’interno dei loro gusci di gas e polvere, seguendo a ritroso la direzione di questi flussi.
Al contrario, stelle già formate hanno disperso gran parte del materiale da cui sono nate attraverso la loro radiazione e i loro venti stellari, e per questo motivo appaiono in regioni relativamente sgombre di gas e polvere, rendendosi osservabili direttamente e illuminando Omc-2 con la loro intensa luce bianco-blu.
A queste zone illuminate si mescolano quelle completamente scure, dove la polvere fredda è così densa da assorbire quasi tutta la luce, mentre le regioni marroni e arancioni indicano la presenza di polvere più calda che assorbe e riemette luce. Le sfumature dal giallo al verde sono dovute in gran parte alle emissioni degli idrocarburi policiclici aromatici, mentre la luce delle stelle e delle protostelle, diffusa dai granelli di polvere, appare sotto forma di foschia blu e ciano.
Le osservazioni di questa regione sono state condotte all’interno di un programma che mira a studiare la formazione stellare all’interno delle nubi Omc-2 e Omc-3. In particolare, i dati di Webb verranno usati per comprendere meglio i fenomeni di accrescimento sulle protostelle e come la presenza dei numerosi flussi di gas nella regione influenzi gli stadi iniziali della vita delle stelle.
TEMPO detected high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide during the morning commute at 7:05 a.m. local time on May 18, 2026 (left), along the New York-Washington corridor. The instrument detected lower levels of the gas at 3:05 p.m. (right), after chemical reactions involving nitrogen dioxide had contributed to elevated ozone concentrations in the afternoon.
NASA Earth Observatory/Michala Garrison
TEMPO detected high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide during the morning commute at 7:05 a.m. local time on May 18, 2026 (left), along the New York-Washington corridor. The instrument detected lower levels of the gas at 3:05 p.m. (right), after chemical reactions involving nitrogen dioxide had contributed to elevated ozone concentrations in the afternoon.
NASA Earth Observatory/Michala Garrison
TEMPO detected high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide during the morning commute at 7:05 a.m. local time on May 18, 2026 (left), along the New York-Washington corridor. The instrument detected lower levels of the gas at 3:05 p.m. (right), after chemical reactions involving nitrogen dioxide had contributed to elevated ozone concentrations in the afternoon.
NASA Earth Observatory/Michala Garrison
TEMPO detected high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide during the morning commute at 7:05 a.m. local time on May 18, 2026 (left), along the New York-Washington corridor. The instrument detected lower levels of the gas at 3:05 p.m. (right), after chemical reactions involving nitrogen dioxide had contributed to elevated ozone concentrations in the afternoon.
NASA Earth Observatory/Michala Garrison
7:05 am
3:05 pm
TEMPO detected high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide during the morning commute at 7:05 a.m. local time on May 18, 2026 (left), along the New York-Washington corridor.The instrument detected lower levels of the gas at 3:05 p.m. EDT (right), after chemical reactions involving nitrogen dioxide had contributed to elevated ozone concentrations in the afternoon. NASA Earth Observatory images by Michala Garrison.
More than 35 million people live along the New York–Washington corridor and breathe the region’s air. While air quality has improved significantly in recent decades, outbreaks of ground-level ozone remain common, particularly in the warm summer months, when the chemical reactions that produce the pollutant accelerate and stagnant air allows ozone to accumulate.
A reminder of this seasonal phenomenon came earlier than usual in 2026, when a mid-May heat wave prompted the New York State Department of Health and the New York Department of Environmental Conservation to issue a health advisory on May 17 over concerns about ozone. The code orange advisory warned young people, older adults, and those working or exercising outdoors to limit activity due to ozone’s respiratory and cardiovascular health impacts.
As expected, ground-based air-quality sensors operated by state and federal agencies showed ozone reaching unhealthy levels for sensitive groups on May 18, something that typically happens several times per year. Meanwhile, NASA’s TEMPO (Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution) instrument observed the event from geostationary orbit 22,000 miles (35,000 kilometers) above the equator, a unique vantage point that allows the sensor to collect frequent observations of air pollution.
TEMPO detects nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a gas emitted by burning fuels, particularly by motor vehicles, that contributes to ozone formation. “There’s often a clear and interesting pattern in TEMPO’s nitrogen dioxide data during ozone alert days,” said Hazem Mahmoud, an atmospheric scientist at NASA’s Atmospheric Science Data Center at Langley Research Center. “We see high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide during the early morning commute that drop off sharply in the late afternoon as ozone increases.”
The decline occurs as sunlight fuels photochemical reactions involving nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and oxygen that lead to ozone formation. By late afternoon, these reactions deplete much of the available nitrogen dioxide, slowing ozone production until the cycle begins again the next day.
The pair of images above underscores the pattern. The image on the left was acquired at 7:05 a.m. local time when nitrogen dioxide concentrations were high during the morning commute. By 3:05 p.m. (right), most of the nitrogen dioxide had declined substantially, and surface ozone levels were elevated (below). Meanwhile, afternoon sea breezes appear to have transported the remaining nitrogen dioxide slightly to the west. Note that the data shown is provisional, and processing methods are still being refined.
Sensors on earlier polar-orbiting satellites, such as OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) and TROPOMI (Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument), sampled nitrogen dioxide over New York once per day. After its launch in 2023, TEMPO began providing data every hour, allowing researchers to track the evolution and dispersion of air pollution at much finer time scales.
“TEMPO is helping fill data gaps between ground stations and allowing us to ask new questions,” Mahmoud said. The mission provides data that can improve not only air quality forecasts during crisis situations, such as wildfires, but also the atmospheric models used to forecast the daily rhythms of urban pollution. Such models help researchers understand how natural factors such as winds, humidity levels, and air temperatures influence pollution plumes over the course of a day.
TEMPO detected elevated ozone concentrations in an area extending from New York City to Washington, D.C., at 5:05 p.m. on May 18, 2026.
NASA Earth Observatory/Michala Garrison
TEMPO also detects ozone directly, but determining how much of that ozone is near the surface versus higher in the atmosphere can be challenging. Most of Earth’s ozone resides in the stratosphere, well above the troposphere, where people live and breathe. At times, however, stratospheric ozone can be transported downward into the troposphere. During events known as stratospheric intrusions, it can even descend far enough to affect air quality at the surface and add to the ozone produced at ground level.
By combining TEMPO observations with other sources of information, researchers are studying the processes that influence the distribution of ozone vertically in the atmosphere. On May 18, NASA’s ground-based tropospheric lidar network (TOLNet) in New York City recorded high concentrations of ozone near the surface, indicating that TEMPO was detecting mostly surface-level ozone associated with urban emissions and not ozone aloft, said Mahmoud.
However, on May 19, the same sensor observed a layer of ozone descending from above 5 kilometers (3 miles), he added, a clue that some of the ozone TEMPO detected that day may have originated in the stratosphere. “This is the type of information that leads to better air quality forecast models and more accurate alerts,” Mahmoud said. “Alerts can affect tens of millions of people and lead to disruptions in school, sports, and other activities, so it’s essential that they be as accurate as possible.”
On June 6, New York authorities issued another health advisory for ozone. People interested in following the event can access daily near-real-time TEMPO observations of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and other gases on NASA’s Worldview browser, on an interactive Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics browsing tool, and on NASA’s Earthdata portal.
NASA Earth Observatory images by Michala Garrison, using TEMPO data from NASA Earthdata.Story by Adam Voiland.
Utilizzando i dati d’archivio raccolti dalla missione Neowise della Nasa, un team di astronomi del Mit ha individuato il quasar variabile più antico mai osservato. Il suo nome è J0439+1634, era già presente all’“alba cosmica”, quando l’universo aveva appena 850 milioni di anni (z ≈ 6.5), e la sua luminosità cambia nel tempo: un fenomeno mai osservato prima in un oggetto così distante. La scoperta, pubblicata questa settimana su Nature Astronomy, apre una nuova finestra di osservazione sui primi buchi neri supermassicci e sull’evoluzione delle galassie nell’universo primordiale.
Illustrazione artistica che mostra un buco nero supermassiccio al centro di un quasar. Crediti: Nasa/Jpl-Caltech
Per molto tempo si è ritenuto che le prime galassie formatesi nel cosmo avessero bisogno di oltre un miliardo di anni per stabilizzarsi e maturare, e che quindi i buchi neri supermassicci non dovessero essere presenti nelle prime fasi dell’universo. Le osservazioni condotte a partire dai primi anni Duemila hanno però raccontato una storia diversa. Oggi gli astronomi hanno infatti identificato oltre duecento quasar risalenti al primo miliardo di anni di vita dell’universo.
Per studiare meglio questi antichi “mostri cosmici”, un team guidato da Gene Leung, del Massachusetts Institute of Technology, ha cercato le variazioni di luminosità di un quasar primordiale. Per farlo, gli autori dello studio hanno esaminato immagini dell’universo ottenute a lunghezze d’onda infrarosse e su intervalli temporali molto lunghi, dell’ordine di anni. A causa dell’espansione cosmica, infatti, la luce emessa da sorgenti remote viene spostata verso lunghezze d’onda più lunghe (redshift). Anche le variazioni temporali risultano però dilatate: un fenomeno che nel sistema di riferimento d’un quasar durerebbe settimane può apparire infatti distribuito su diversi mesi agli osservatori terrestri.
«Questa è stata la sfida tecnica che dovevamo superare», spiega Anna-Christina Eilers, ricercatrice al Mit e coautrice della pubblicazione. «Avevamo bisogno di dati raccolti ripetutamente a lunghezze d’onda infrarosse e su scale temporali molto estese».
Sfruttando circa quattordici anni di dati raccolti dal telescopio spaziale Neowise, gli astronomi hanno individuato un segnale risalente a soli 850 milioni di anni dopo il Big Bang. Era il segnale di J0439+1634, un quasar la cui luce ha viaggiato per quasi 13 miliardi di anni prima di raggiungerci.
Scoperto nel 2018 da un team internazionale di astronomi comprendente anche il ricercatore dell’Inaf Marco Bonaglia, J0439+1634 è stato a lungo il quasar più luminoso conosciuto nell’universo primordiale. Superato in luminosità nel 2024 da J0529-4351, oggi detiene un altro primato. Le analisi condotte in questo studio hanno infatti rivelato una chiara variabilità della sua emissione: il cosiddetto flickering, o “sfarfallio” – un fenomeno mai osservato prima in un oggetto così distante, rendendolo il quasar variabile più antico mai osservato.
«Nel corso dei 14 anni, abbiamo visto il quasar variare la sua luminosità in modo casuale, un po’ come la fiamma di una candela che tremola senza uno schema fisso», dice a questo proposito Leung.
I ricercatori stimano che il quasar abbia una luminosità pari a 12mila miliardi di Soli e che questa vari di circa il 20 per cento: quasi duemila miliardi di volte la luminosità della nostra stella. Gli scienziati hanno inoltre tracciato le variazioni di luminosità del quasar a diverse lunghezze d’onda, che hanno permesso di ottenere informazioni sulla forma e sulla struttura del disco di accrescimento attorno al buco nero centrale. Poiché la lunghezza d’onda della radiazione dipende dalla temperatura del materiale che la emette — e poiché il materiale più vicino al buco nero è anche il più caldo — le diverse bande possono essere infatti utilizzate per ricostruire la geometria del disco.
Dall’analisi è emerso che il disco del buco nero al centro di J0439+1634 è sorprendentemente sottile e piatto, una configurazione tipica dei buchi neri vicini e antichi, che hanno avuto molto più tempo per stabilizzarsi e maturare, spiegano i ricercatori.
Il team spera ora di spingersi ancora più indietro nel tempo cosmico per osservare quasar in fasi ancora più precoci del loro sviluppo. In questo modo gli scienziati potranno iniziare a ricostruire le condizioni che hanno portato alla nascita dei primi buchi neri supermassicci.
«Questo risultato», conclude Eilers, «fornisce una prova diretta del fatto che gli stessi processi di accrescimento e le stesse strutture osservate nell’universo vicino erano già presenti in epoche molto antiche, nonostante condizioni cosmiche profondamente diverse, qualcosa che non era mai stato osservato prima».
Per saperne di più:
Leggi su Nature Astronomy l’articolo “Discovery of quasar variability and early accretion disk signatures at cosmic dawn” di Gene C. K. Leung, Anna-Christina Eilers, Christos Panagiotou, Julien Wolf, Kishalay De, Luke Weisenbach, Minghao Yue, Xiaohui Fan, Yuzo Ishikawa, Erin Kara, Mirko Krumpe, Andrea Merloni, Robert A. Simcoe, Feige Wang e Jinyi Yang
A train transports eight booster motor segments for the SLS (Space Launch System rocket) that will power NASA’s Artemis III mission from Northrop Grumman’s Railyard Shipping Facility in Corinne, Utah, June 2, to NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
Come fanno due stelle neonate ad avvicinarsi e aggregarsi così rapidamente in sistemi binari? A svelare il mistero è oggi uno studio, pubblicato sulla rivista The Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society e guidato da un team di ricerca giapponese, che ha individuato nei campi magnetici la chiave di volta per spiegare questo fenomeno.
Le stelle si formano da nubi di gas interstellare che collassano in regioni dense, dette nuclei di nubi molecolari. In queste zone, più stelle si formano contemporaneamente vicine tra loro e, in alcuni casi, due di esse rimangono legate gravitazionalmente, dando vita a un sistema stellare binario. Le osservazioni di archivio suggeriscono che questi sistemi si formino molto presto, prima ancora che le stelle stesse si siano sviluppate del tutto.
Visualizzazione dei flussi di gas attorno a un sistema di protostelle binarie calcolata da Aterui III. Il gas in rosso orbita attorno a una delle due protostelle, quello in blu attorno al sistema binario complessivo, mentre il gas riprodotto in verde viene espulso dal sistema, portando via momento angolare. Crediti: Matsumoto, Hotokezaka, Inayoshi 2026
Il team di ricerca ha effettuato nuove simulazioni utilizzando diversi supercomputer, tra cui il supercomputer per simulazioni astronomiche Aterui III e il suo predecessore Aterui II, entrambi presso l’Osservatorio astronomico nazionale del Giappone. I risultati mostrano che le interazioni tra un campo magnetico interstellare e il gas che circonda le protostelle possono rimuovere momento angolare dalla coppia di protostelle, consentendo ai sistemi binari di formarsi in un arco temporale realistico. Nella simulazione eseguita in assenza di alcun campo magnetico, le protostelle si sono in realtà allontanate l’una dall’altra, evidenziando l’importanza del campo magnetico in questo processo.
Inoltre, le simulazioni suggeriscono che lo stesso processo potrebbe applicarsi ai buchi neri binari massicci situati nel cuore ricco di gas di una nuova galassia nata dalla fusione di due galassie più piccole. Questo aiuterebbe a spiegare come i buchi neri massicci riescano ad avvicinarsi abbastanza da fondersi e formare un buco nero supermassiccio. Tuttavia, la simulazione diretta di buchi neri massicci nell’arco di tempo necessario affinché questi si avvicinino spiraleggiando l’uno attorno all’altro rappresenta ancora una sfida dal punto di vista computazionale. Pertanto, un’indagine rigorosa sugli effetti dei campi magnetici sui buchi neri binari massicci rimane un obiettivo per le ricerche future.
The Southern Patagonian Icefield is the largest expanse of ice in the Southern Hemisphere outside of Antarctica. The mass of glacial ice extends hundreds of kilometers along the spine of the Andes, feeding dozens of dynamic outlet glaciers that grind their way down from higher elevations. Many of these rivers of ice terminate in the sea or in proglacial lakes.
An astronaut aboard the International Space Station photographed one of these glaciers—Tyndall Glacier in southern Chile—through a layer of ethereal clouds on May 10, 2026. Fragments of ice that had calved off its terminus were visible floating on Lago Geikie.
Like most Patagonian glaciers, Tyndall has been shrinking since the end of the Little Ice Age about 150 years ago. Lago Geikie formed at Tyndall’s terminus around 1940, according to glaciologist Mauri Pelto of Nichols College, and gradually expanded as the ice retreated. Part of the glacier previously terminated in Lago Tyndall to the east, but thinning ice cut off that outlet by 2010, Pelto said. (The ice’s retreat also exposed bedrock along its eastern edge that contains scores of ichthyosaur fossils.)
Along with thinning, ice calving off the glacier’s front has reduced its volume. Tyndall has lost 2.2 kilometers (1.4 miles) in length since November 2022, Pelto said, following about a decade of limited retreat with considerable thinning. A significant calving event in March and April 2023 contributed to the recent uptick in ice retreat. During that time, satellites observed several large icebergs breaking away from Tyndall’s terminus.
Austral autumn in 2026 was a time of active calving retreat at Tyndall (and some neighboring glaciers), Pelto said, albeit more incremental than three years prior. “The substantial crevasses crisscrossing the glacier near the calving front lead to many smaller icebergs,” he said. On the other hand, larger tabular icebergs tend to form when there are fewer deep crevasses near the terminus and the glacier’s ice is thinner.
May 10, 2026
The ice cliff at the terminus casts a substantial shadow, which can help scientists estimate the height of the glacier’s front. Pelto’s calculations, using information about the Sun’s position provided with the image, indicate that Tyndall’s front loomed 30–40 meters (100–130 feet) above the lake surface in May 2026. Observations from orbit, including astronaut photographs, can help scientists monitor and understand glaciers in remote regions where ground-based observations are scarce.
As for what comes next for Tyndall, Pelto expects many more small icebergs to continue breaking off, given the heavily crevassed appearance of the calving front. “Look for a burst of iceberg production next fall.”
Astronaut photograph ISS074-E-582898 was acquired on May 10, 2026, with a Nikon Z9 digital camera using a focal length of 560 millimeters. It is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit at NASA Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 74 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Story by Lindsey Doermann.
The Southern Patagonian Icefield is the largest expanse of ice in the Southern Hemisphere outside of Antarctica. The mass of glacial ice extends hundreds of kilometers along the spine of the Andes, feeding dozens of dynamic outlet glaciers that grind their way down from higher elevations. Many of these rivers of ice terminate in the sea or in proglacial lakes.
An astronaut aboard the International Space Station photographed one of these glaciers—Tyndall Glacier in southern Chile—through a layer of ethereal clouds on May 10, 2026. Fragments of ice that had calved off its terminus were visible floating on Lago Geikie.
Like most Patagonian glaciers, Tyndall has been shrinking since the end of the Little Ice Age about 150 years ago. Lago Geikie formed at Tyndall’s terminus around 1940, according to glaciologist Mauri Pelto of Nichols College, and gradually expanded as the ice retreated. Part of the glacier previously terminated in Lago Tyndall to the east, but thinning ice cut off that outlet by 2010, Pelto said. (The ice’s retreat also exposed bedrock along its eastern edge that contains scores of ichthyosaur fossils.)
Along with thinning, ice calving off the glacier’s front has reduced its volume. Tyndall has lost 2.2 kilometers (1.4 miles) in length since November 2022, Pelto said, following about a decade of limited retreat with considerable thinning. A significant calving event in March and April 2023 contributed to the recent uptick in ice retreat. During that time, satellites observed several large icebergs breaking away from Tyndall’s terminus.
Austral autumn in 2026 was a time of active calving retreat at Tyndall (and some neighboring glaciers), Pelto said, albeit more incremental than three years prior. “The substantial crevasses crisscrossing the glacier near the calving front lead to many smaller icebergs,” he said. On the other hand, larger tabular icebergs tend to form when there are fewer deep crevasses near the terminus and the glacier’s ice is thinner.
May 10, 2026
The ice cliff at the terminus casts a substantial shadow, which can help scientists estimate the height of the glacier’s front. Pelto’s calculations, using information about the Sun’s position provided with the image, indicate that Tyndall’s front loomed 30–40 meters (100–130 feet) above the lake surface in May 2026. Observations from orbit, including astronaut photographs, can help scientists monitor and understand glaciers in remote regions where ground-based observations are scarce.
As for what comes next for Tyndall, Pelto expects many more small icebergs to continue breaking off, given the heavily crevassed appearance of the calving front. “Look for a burst of iceberg production next fall.”
Astronaut photograph ISS074-E-582898 was acquired on May 10, 2026, with a Nikon Z9 digital camera using a focal length of 560 millimeters. It is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit at NASA Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 74 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Story by Lindsey Doermann.
NASA announced the Artemis III crew on Tuesday, June 9, 2026. NASA astronaut Andre Douglas, mission specialist; ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Luca Parmitano, pilot; NASA astronaut Randy Bresnik, commander; and NASA astronaut Frank Rubio, mission specialist, will demonstrate the Orion spacecraft's rendezvous and docking capabilities with test versions from one, or both, American commercial human landing systems in development by Blue Origin and SpaceX.
La Nasa ha annunciato oggi la composizione dell’equipaggio della missione Artemis III: Randy Bresnik (comandante, Nasa), Luca Parmitano (Esa), Frank Rubio e Andre Douglas (specialisti di atterraggio, entrambi Nasa). È stato inoltre designato come membro di riserva dell’equipaggio l’astronauta Bob Hines (Nasa). L’equipaggio inizierà ora un rigoroso programma di addestramento per familiarizzarsi con i sistemi della navicella Orion e con il funzionamento dei sistemi di atterraggio con equipaggio umano, in vista di un’ambiziosa serie di dimostrazioni che precederanno la missione di atterraggio sulla Luna.
L’equipaggio della missione Artemis III. Da sinistra: Andre Douglas, Luca Parmitano, Randy Bresnik e Frank Rubio. Crediti: Nasa
Luca Parmitano, astronauta italiano dell’Esa, ha trascorso 366 giorni nello spazio nel corso di due missioni di lunga durata sulla Stazione spaziale internazionale, Volare e Beyond. Durante queste missioni, ha collaborato a centinaia di esperimenti, ha effettuato sei passeggiate spaziali per un totale di oltre 30 ore ed è diventato comandante della Stazione. Da quando è tornato sulla Terra, Parmitano ha ricoperto il ruolo di referente dell’Esa presso il Johnson Space Center della Nasa a Houston, agendo come “CapCom” e addestrando gli astronauti dell’Esa per le passeggiate spaziali e le operazioni robotiche. L’anno scorso Parmitano ha partecipato all’Underway Recovery Test 12 della Nasa, al largo delle coste della California, per simulare l’ammaraggio e il recupero degli astronauti di Artemis da un modello in scala reale della navicella Orion.
«Sono onorato di far parte di questo equipaggio e allo stesso tempo mi sento umile: i miei compagni di missione apportano un bagaglio di esperienze molto variegato, e non vedo l’ora di lavorare con loro, desideroso di imparare e di dare il mio massimo contributo nel mio ruolo. In qualità di pilota collaudatore, questa è davvero una missione da sogno, poiché potremo contribuire a testare i sistemi e a sviluppare le procedure affinché i futuri equipaggi possano spingersi più lontano e, in ultima analisi, riportare l’umanità sulla Luna», ha detto Luca Parmitano. «Sono molto grato all’Aeronautica militare per avermi fornito l’addestramento nelle mie prime fasi; all’Agenzia spaziale italiana – e all’Italia nel suo complesso – per avermi affidato il loro primissimo volo di lunga durata quando ero solo un novellino; all’Agenzia spaziale europea per l’addestramento, il sostegno infinito e le incredibili opportunità che ho avuto da quando sono diventato un astronauta dell’Esa, e alla Nasa per la sua leadership nel riportare l’umanità sulla Luna. È la conferma che l’Esa è un partner affidabile e la continuazione di una solida collaborazione che porterà un europeo sulla Luna».
«Artemis III amplierà i confini delle operazioni spaziali in orbita. La nomina dell’astronauta dell’Esa Luca Parmitano a pilota riflette la profonda competenza europea nel campo dei voli spaziali con equipaggio umano e fa leva sulla sua vasta esperienza operativa in situazioni di forte pressione», ha detto Josef Aschbacher, direttore generale dell’Esa. «Allo stesso tempo, il Modulo di servizio europeo (Esm) dell’Esa fornirà ancora una volta le capacità fondamentali che alimentano Orion, dimostrando il ruolo duraturo dell’Europa nel cuore stesso del programma Artemis. La notizia giunta oggi da Houston è un forte riconoscimento del ruolo dell’Esa nel rendere possibile il ritorno dell’umanità sulla Luna – e un progresso chiave nella nostra collaborazione con la Nasa. Gli europei possono essere orgogliosi di far parte di questo emozionante viaggio».
Gli astronomi sanno ormai da quasi trent’anni che al centro di ogni grande galassia si nasconde un enorme buco nero supermassiccio con una massa che può variare da milioni a miliardi di volte quella del Sole. Sebbene questi oggetti celesti siano spesso descritti come divoratori cosmici capaci di inghiottire tutto ciò che si trova nelle loro vicinanze, in realtà non tutta la materia che cade verso di loro finisce oltre l’orizzonte degli eventi. Una parte può essere infatti espulsa sotto forma di potenti venti. È proprio uno di questi deflussi ad aver stabilito un nuovo record osservativo.
Rappresentazione artistica di un quasar. Il punto nero al centro rappresenta il buco nero supermassiccio che alimenta la galassia attiva. La struttura a spirale rossa e gialla che lo circonda è il disco di gas caldo in caduta verso il buco nero. Una parte di questa materia è espulsa sotto forma di vento, mostrato in azzurro chiaro. Le dimensioni del disco sono paragonabili a quelle del Sistema solare. Crediti: Nasa/Cxc/M. Weiss, Nahks Tr’Ehnl, Nurten Filiz Ak
Studiando il quasar J2318, una galassia attiva situata nella costellazione di Pegaso, un team guidato da ricercatori della York University ha infatti individuato un vento che raggiunge i 90mila chilometri al secondo, pari al 30 per cento della velocità della luce: il più rapido deflusso di gas mai osservato alle lunghezze d’onda dell’ultravioletto.
Si tratta di una velocità da record, che gli autori hanno voluto sottolineare già nel titolo dello studio che riporta la scoperta, con un richiamo alla celebre saga cinematografica Fast & Furious: “A New Member of the Fast and Furious Family: A Relativistic and Time-variable UV Outflow in a Luminous Quasar”. Il risultato della ricerca, pubblicato la settimana scorsa su The Astrophysical Journal, fornisce nuovi indizi sul modo in cui i buchi neri supermassicci influenzano l’evoluzione delle galassie che li ospitano.
I quasar sono tra gli oggetti più luminosi dell’universo. La loro enorme emissione di radiazione nasce dal disco di accrescimento che circonda il buco nero, una struttura composta da gas surriscaldato che spiraleggia verso il centro dell’oggetto compatto. Proprio questa intensa radiazione può esercitare una pressione sufficiente a spingere parte del materiale in caduta verso l’esterno.
«Il quasar ospita un buco nero con una massa di circa 1,7 miliardi di volte quella del Sole, un valore del tutto normale per questi oggetti», dice uno dei coautori dello studio, Patrick Hall, della York University. «Ciò che non è normale è il gas che vediamo muoversi verso di noi: viaggia a una velocità pari al 30 per cento di quella della luce».
«Spesso osserviamo venti di materia emessi dal buco nero dalla luce del quasar», ricorda il primo autore dello studio. Lucas Seaton, della York University. «Alle lunghezze d’onda dei raggi X si osservano venti ancora più veloci di questo, ma J2318 è il più veloce mai scoperto alle lunghezze d’onda dell’ultravioletto».
Le osservazioni hanno mostrato, infatti, che il gas viene espulso a 90mila chilometri al secondo: una velocità che, come anticipato, ne fa il più rapido deflusso mai osservato nell’ultravioletto in prossimità di un buco nero supermassiccio.
Da anni gli studi mostrano come la radiazione prodotta dal disco di accrescimento di un buco nero supermassiccio possa spingere il gas verso l’esterno. A differenza dei venti terrestri, generati da differenze di pressione atmosferica, quelli dei quasar sono infatti alimentati direttamente dalla luce. I fotoni trasferiscono una piccolissima quantità di moto agli atomi del gas e, quando il numero di fotoni è enorme, come nel caso di un quasar, l’effetto complessivo può accelerare il gas a velocità impressionanti.
«I quasar emettono così tanti fotoni che questi piccoli impulsi si sommano fino a raggiungere velocità estreme», spiega a questo proposito Seaton. «Il problema è che i fotoni possono anche strappare tutti gli elettroni dagli atomi, rendendoli invisibili. Capire come il gas possa essere accelerato fino alle velocità che osserviamo mantenendo, allo stesso tempo, intatti gli ioni che rileviamo rappresenta ancora un enigma».
Il quasar J2318 è stato individuato grazie ai dati raccolti nell’ambito di due sottoprogrammi della Sloan Digital Sky Survey, uno dei più grandi programmi di mappatura astronomica mai realizzati: il Time-Domain Spectroscopic Survey della quarta campagna osservativa (Sdss-IV) e il Black Hole Mapper della quinta campagna osservativa (Sdss-V). A notare per prima le caratteristiche insolite della galassia attiva è stata Marianna Veltri, sll’epoca studentessa universitaria, oggi ricercatrice al Dipartimento di fisica e astronomia della York University. Analizzando più nel dettaglio gli spettri di luce, il team si è reso conto di avere di fronte qualcosa di eccezionale: il vento più veloce mai osservato nell’ultravioletto in prossimità di un buco nero supermassiccio. Osservazioni di follow-up con il telescopio Gemini North, alle Hawaii, hanno confermato la natura estrema del deflusso.
Oltre al record osservativo, il risultato dello studio offre nuovi indizi su uno dei processi più importanti dell’evoluzione galattica: il cosiddetto feedback dei nuclei galattici attivi, il processo attraverso il quale l’energia prodotta nelle regioni centrali delle galassie influenza l’ambiente circostante, regolando la formazione stellare e l’evoluzione stessa delle galassie.
«I deflussi estremi trasportano enormi quantità di energia e possono influenzare profondamente le galassie che li ospitano», dice a questo proposito Paola Rodríguez Hidalgo, ricercatrice all’Università di Washington Bothell, negli Usa, e coautrice della ricerca. «Questi venti potrebbero dunque rappresentare il collegamento tra il buco nero attivo al centro di una galassia e il resto della galassia stessa. Questo processo è incluso nelle simulazioni di formazione galattica da decenni, ma resta ancora molto da comprendere attraverso le osservazioni per verificare che i modelli lo descrivano correttamente».
I ricercatori intendono ora proseguire la caccia a fenomeni simili. Le ricerche di altri quasar con venti estremamente veloci sono infatti già in corso. Non sarà facile trovare nell’ultravioletto un deflusso più rapido di quello di J2318, concludono i ricercatori, ma continuiamo a cercare questi fenomeni, dall’universo vicino fino alle regioni più lontane che siamo in grado di osservare.
Per saperne di più:
Leggi su The Astrophysical Journal l’articolo “A New Member of the Fast and Furious Family: A Relativistic and Time-variable UV Outflow in a Luminous Quasar” di Lucas M. Seaton, Patrick B. Hall, Liliana Flores, Paola Rodríguez Hidalgo, Marianna Veltri, Zezhou Zhu, Javier Serna, W. Niel Brandt, Scott Anderson, Roberto J. Assef, Eduardo Bañados, Catherine J. Grier, Yasaman Homayouni, Sean Morrison, C. Alenka Negrete, Amy L. Rankine, Jessie Runnoe, Donald P. Schneider, Yue Shen, Matthew Temple, Benny Trakhtenbrot, Jonathan R. Trump edErik Weiss
Se qualcosa non si vede, non è detto che non ci sia. Come i trucchi degli illusionisti, o il lavoro invisibile di chi rassetta e riordina case, uffici e camere d’alberghi. Aguzzando la vista, se ne possono scorgere gli effetti – effetti indiretti su ciò che invece vediamo chiaramente. Succede anche nell’universo, dove una gran parte della massa sembra mancare all’appello ma (molto probabilmente) esiste, anche se non interagisce con la luce e dunque non possiamo osservarla con i telescopi.
Parliamo della materia oscura, quella componente che – a conti fatti – sembra essere ubiqua nel cosmo, superando di ben cinque volte la più banale materia “ordinaria”, quella visibile, per capirci, di cui son fatti stelle, pianeti e pure i nostri miseri corpi mortali. Una componente che è invisibile, sì, ma non si nasconde troppo bene: con la materia visibile, infatti, ci interagisce eccome, attraverso la gravità, lasciando qua e là segni di un camouflage non del tutto riuscito.
Il satellite Euclid dell’Agenzia spaziale europea, lanciato nel 2023 per studiare proprio la materia oscura – insieme alla sua controparte ancor più misteriosa, l’energia oscura – ha prodotto il suo primo risultato in questa direzione: la mappa della materia oscura in un ammasso di galassie. In particolare, si tratta di Abell 2390, un ammasso che contiene poco meno di un centinaio di galassie, la cui luce ha viaggiato per 2,7 miliardi di anni prima di raggiungere il telescopio spaziale, che l’ha studiato nell’ambito del programma di Early Release Observations, i cui dati sono stati resi pubblici a maggio 2024.
L’ammasso di galassie Abell 2390, osservato da Euclid. In viola, la distribuzione della massa totale, dovuta principalmente all’invisibile materia oscura, ricostruita a partire dal lensing gravitazionale debole. Le piccole macchie blu sono artefatti dell’immagine, creati dalla riflessione della luce all’interno dello strumento Vis a bordo di Euclid. Crediti: Esa/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/Nasa, image processing by J.-C. Cuillandre (CEA Paris-Saclay), G. Anselmi. Weak lensing map: T. Schrabback et al. (2026). CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
Gli ammassi di galassie sono le più grandi strutture cosmiche tenute insieme dalla mutua gravità: contengono fino a centinaia o migliaia di galassie, amalgamate da enormi quantità di gas caldo con temperature di milioni di gradi e, si sospetta, da un ammontare ancor più grande di invisibile materia oscura. Questa ingente quantità di massa deforma il tessuto dello spaziotempo circostante, come previsto dalla teoria della relatività generale di Einstein, curvando il percorso di qualsiasi corpo si trovi a passare nelle vicinanze. Compresa la luce che proviene da galassie ancora più lontane.
L’effetto, dimostrato per la prima volta durante l’eclissi di Sole del 1919, si chiama lensing gravitazionale: i corpi dotati di massa – come il Sole, nel caso dell’eclissi di un secolo fa, oppure il portentoso ammasso di galassie osservato da Euclid – si comportano proprio come una lente d’ingrandimento, deformando le immagini di ciò che osserviamo “dietro” di loro. Queste distorsioni sono i “segni” lasciati dalla materia oscura su quella visibile: da esse possiamo intuire l’entità dell’oggetto che le ha indotte, che sia fatto esso di materia ordinaria, oscura, o una combinazione delle due.
Le lenti gravitazionali più spettacolari, dette lenti “forti”, producono immagini multiple della stessa sorgente e trasformano le galassie distanti in una moltitudine di archi, archetti e addirittura anelli. Nella maggior parte dei casi, tuttavia, la deflessione è minuscola e si riesce a stimare solo statisticamente, misurando con grandissima precisione la forma di un immenso numero di galassie: in questo caso, si parla di lensing gravitazionale debole.
È questo uno dei metodi con cui la missione Euclid sta sondando il “lato oscuro” dell’universo, mappando oltre un miliardo di galassie, stimando le loro posizioni e calcolando quanta parte della loro forma è intrinseca e quanta dovuta, invece, all’effetto di lente gravitazionale della materia che la loro luce ha incontrato nel lungo tragitto attraverso il cosmo. L’obiettivo è dedurre la distribuzione della materia oscura su grande scala, che causa questo sottile effetto di lente gravitazionale debole diffuso, detto in gergo cosmic shear. Per cominciare, però, ha iniziato a farlo su scala più piccola: quella di un singolo ammasso di galassie.
«La grande capacità di Euclid nel misurare la massa degli ammassi di galassie attraverso il lensing gravitazionale risulta cruciale per utilizzare l’evoluzione cosmica del numero di ammassi individuati nella survey per un censimento globale delle componenti oscure dell’universo», racconta a Media InafPiero Rosati, professore all’Università di Ferrara e coautore del nuovo studio, pubblicato su Astronomy & Astrophysics.
L’ammasso di galassie Abell 2390, osservato da Euclid. In magenta, la misura della deflessione (shear) causata dall’effetto di lensing gravitazionale debole. Crediti: Esa/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/Nasa, image processing by J.-C. Cuillandre (CEA Paris-Saclay), G. Anselmi. Weak lensing map: T. Schrabback et al. (2026). CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
«Il nostro studio pilota dimostra che le immagini profonde e nitide fornite da Euclid ci permettono di tracciare queste distorsioni di lensing gravitazionale debole con eccellente precisione», spiega Tim Schrabback, professore all’Università di Innsbruck e primo autore dell’articolo. La mappa rivela un pattern vagamente circolare intorno al centro dell’ammasso, che permette di stimarne il campo gravitazionale e, da esso, la distribuzione della massa totale, costituita per la maggior parte parte di (altrimenti invisibile) materia oscura.
L’anno scorso era già stata pubblicata un’analisi preliminare del fenomeno basata sui dati di Euclid in due ammassi di galassie, compreso lo stesso Abell 2390, del quale questo lavoro approfondisce l’indagine. «In questo articolo si sfrutta l’effetto del lensing nel regime debole, associato alle regioni esterne degli ammassi», aggiunge Rosati. «In quelle interne invece agisce il cosiddetto “regime forte” che permette di mappare in dettaglio la distribuzione di materia oscura negli ammassi, fornendo un controllo indipendente della loro massa». All’effetto di lensing gravitazionale forte prodotto da Abell 2390 era stato dedicato anche un altro lavoro lo scorso anno, basato sugli stessi dati di Euclid in combinazione con osservazioni spettroscopiche dello strumento Muse al Very Large Telescope dell’Eso, in Cile, guidato da Davide Abriola dell’Università di Milano, i cui risultati sono ora stati confermati da un nuovo esame che analizza entrambi gli effetti – lensing debole e forte – sotto la guida di Jose Diego dell’Instituto de Física de Cantabria.
Non essendo possibile stimare l’impatto del lensing gravitazionale debole dall’osservazione di una singola galassia, poiché non se ne conosce la forma intrinseca, i ricercatori non hanno scelta: devono osservarne quante più possibile. «Misuriamo le forme di migliaia di galassie», nota il coautore Giuseppe Congedo, ricercatore all’Università di Edimburgo, che ha sviluppato il metodo per stimare la forma delle galassie usato in questo lavoro. «Le distorsioni gravitazionali, quello che chiamiamo shear, possono quindi essere rilevate come allineamenti netti locali nelle ellitticità delle galassie». La ricerca ha analizzato la forma di 50mila galassie situate più lontano da noi rispetto all’ammasso: solo queste, infatti, subiscono l’effetto di lente gravitazionale, e devono essere selezionate accuratamente. La selezione è stata realizzata stimando la distanza delle galassie sulla base di osservazioni in diverse lunghezze d’onda della luce visibile e infrarossa, ottenute sia con Euclid che con il telescopio Subaru, alle Hawai’i.
I risultati ottenuti su Abell 2390 sono in accordo con studi analoghi compiuti in passato utilizzando immagini di telescopi spaziali, come Hubble, per esempio. Lo studio dimostra così le potenzialità di Euclid – che con un campo di vista 180 volte più grande rispetto a quello di Hubble scansionerà oltre un terzo del cielo – nella stima del lensing gravitazionale debole causato da ammassi di galassie e dalla struttura cosmica su grande scala, per tracciare la crescita delle strutture nel corso della storia dell’universo.
A period of unsettled weather brought scattered showers and thunderstorms to California’s Bay Area on May 27, 2026. That afternoon, a break in the clouds left downtown San Francisco and nearby communities beneath mostly cloud-free skies, allowing an astronaut aboard the International Space Station to take this photograph.
The image captures two of the region’s iconic bridges. The Golden Gate Bridge connects the northern San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County to the north, while the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge spans the bay toward Oakland to the east.
Near the center of the image, Golden Gate Park stands out as a long, rectangular strip of green amid the dense urban landscape. Spanning more than 1,000 acres (400 hectares), the park encompasses meadows, gardens, wooded areas, and lakes. Additional green space toward the north around the Golden Gate Bridge is part of a national recreation area.
The nadir (downward-looking) perspective also provides a clear view of the patchwork of street grids, which were laid out over San Francisco’s hilly terrain as the city grew in successive stages. In the heart of the downtown area, Market Street runs southwest to northeast and serves as a prominent divider between two distinct grid orientations: one aligned with the bay and the other aligned with the street.
Along the northeastern and eastern waterfront, various structures extend into the bay. Toward the north, these include a historic wharf, seawalls, and piers—most built in the early 1900s, though some date back into the 1800s. The adjacent waters support heavy maritime traffic, including cargo and container ships, cruise vessels, and regional ferries.
Breaking waves are visible along the western coast, including at Ocean Beach, the 3.5-mile stretch of sandy shore adjacent to Golden Gate Park. On May 27, the National Weather Service warned of hazardous conditions at the region’s beaches due to strong northerly winds. Long-period swells from the northwest contributed to the increased risk of rip currents as well as sneaker waves in the days after this image was acquired.
Astronaut photograph ISS074-E-619284 was acquired on May 27, 2026, with a Nikon Z9 digital camera using a focal length of 800 millimeters. It is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit at NASA Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 74 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Story by Kathryn Hansen.
A period of unsettled weather brought scattered showers and thunderstorms to California’s Bay Area on May 27, 2026. That afternoon, a break in the clouds left downtown San Francisco and nearby communities beneath mostly cloud-free skies, allowing an astronaut aboard the International Space Station to take this photograph.
The image captures two of the region’s iconic bridges. The Golden Gate Bridge connects the northern San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County to the north, while the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge spans the bay toward Oakland to the east.
Near the center of the image, Golden Gate Park stands out as a long, rectangular strip of green amid the dense urban landscape. Spanning more than 1,000 acres (400 hectares), the park encompasses meadows, gardens, wooded areas, and lakes. Additional green space toward the north around the Golden Gate Bridge is part of a national recreation area.
The nadir (downward-looking) perspective also provides a clear view of the patchwork of street grids, which were laid out over San Francisco’s hilly terrain as the city grew in successive stages. In the heart of the downtown area, Market Street runs southwest to northeast and serves as a prominent divider between two distinct grid orientations: one aligned with the bay and the other aligned with the street.
Along the northeastern and eastern waterfront, various structures extend into the bay. Toward the north, these include a historic wharf, seawalls, and piers—most built in the early 1900s, though some date back into the 1800s. The adjacent waters support heavy maritime traffic, including cargo and container ships, cruise vessels, and regional ferries.
Breaking waves are visible along the western coast, including at Ocean Beach, the 3.5-mile stretch of sandy shore adjacent to Golden Gate Park. On May 27, the National Weather Service warned of hazardous conditions at the region’s beaches due to strong northerly winds. Long-period swells from the northwest contributed to the increased risk of rip currents as well as sneaker waves in the days after this image was acquired.
Astronaut photograph ISS074-E-619284 was acquired on May 27, 2026, with a Nikon Z9 digital camera using a focal length of 800 millimeters. It is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit at NASA Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 74 crew. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory as part of the ISS National Lab to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Story by Kathryn Hansen.
Researchers tested soccer balls aboard the International Space Station to study how internal mass affects motion and stability in microgravity.
NASA
As the FIFA World Cup approaches, NASA is bringing space science and engineering to soccer fans worldwide. From June 11 to July 19, 2026, NASA will host an exhibit at FIFA Fan Festival™ Houston where visitors can learn how research aboard the International Space Station benefits life on Earth and experience missions in low Earth orbit, the Moon, and beyond through the Artemis program.
On June 11, as the FIFA World Cup begins, NASA’s exhibit at Fan Festival Houston will open to the public. The event is free to attend and open for every match of the tournament in East Downtown, Houston. On June 20, Johnson Space Center Director Vanessa Wyche will introduce select Artemis II crew members following their historic mission around the Moon. The crew will participate in World Cup activities ahead of the Netherlands-Sweden match in Houston and will appear on the Fan Festival Houston main stage to share their experience with fans.
The connection between NASA and the World Cup goes beyond the exhibit floor, reaching all the way to orbit. NASA spinoff technologies are innovations developed for space exploration that go on to shape commercial products and everyday life – even on the soccer field.
For more than 25 years, research aboard the International Space Station has enabled breakthroughs in science, technology, and human health while advancing innovations that benefit people on Earth. That work includes studies that improve understanding of the aerodynamics and physics involved in soccer ball flight.
In partnership with the ISS National Laboratory in 2019, researchers used the station’s microgravity environment to study how a soccer ball’s internal mass affects its motion, stability, and rotation. The findings have improved understanding of how embedded technologies, including match-ball sensors, can influence performance during play. The research contributed to studies used in the development and evaluation of soccer balls for major international tournaments, including FIFA World Cup competition.
Understanding the relationship between an object’s center of mass and its geometric center is key to predicting how free-flying objects move, including spacecraft, satellites, and aircraft.
Since 2022, Adidas has embedded electronics inside official match balls used in major tournaments. The sensors track speed, position, and contact in real time to support officiating and broadcast technology. But those sensors also add mass in specific locations inside the ball, and uneven mass distribution can affect how a ball moves through the air.
The space-based research has helped improve understanding of how internal mass, including embedded sensors, can influence stability and rotation in real-world playing conditions.
This work builds on earlier research into how spinning objects behave in microgravity.
Engineers at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley, California tested Adidas’ Brazuca ball, developed for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, in wind tunnel conditions at the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory. Researchers studied aerodynamic behavior, including how low-spin kicks can produce “knuckling,” where the ball moves unpredictably due to unstable airflow across the seams. NASA engineers measured the speeds and flow conditions where this effect was most pronounced.
Adjustments in panel shape, seam depth, and surface texture can influence flight consistency, helping determine whether a ball curves, dips, or holds its line during play.
Now, NASA and Adidas are presenting that science through a STEMonstration that compares how differently balanced soccer balls spin and move in microgravity. The experiment shows how the same physics that governs motion in space also shape the game millions watch on Earth.
Through research aboard the International Space Station and technology developed for exploration, NASA continues to demonstrate how discoveries made for space can benefit people on Earth—including athletes and fans participating in the world’s most popular sport.
Have you ever kicked a soccer ball and wondered why it curves, spins, or sometimes wobbles? NASA astronaut Jessica Meir aboard the International Space Statio...
Researchers tested soccer balls aboard the International Space Station to study how internal mass affects motion and stability in microgravity.
NASA
As the FIFA World Cup approaches, NASA is bringing space science and engineering to soccer fans worldwide. From June 11 to July 19, 2026, NASA will host an exhibit at FIFA Fan Festival™ Houston where visitors can learn how research aboard the International Space Station benefits life on Earth and experience missions in low Earth orbit, the Moon, and beyond through the Artemis program.
On June 11, as the FIFA World Cup begins, NASA’s exhibit at Fan Festival Houston will open to the public. The event is free to attend and open for every match of the tournament in East Downtown, Houston. On June 20, Johnson Space Center Director Vanessa Wyche will introduce select Artemis II crew members following their historic mission around the Moon. The crew will participate in World Cup activities ahead of the Netherlands-Sweden match in Houston and will appear on the Fan Festival Houston main stage to share their experience with fans.
The connection between NASA and the World Cup goes beyond the exhibit floor, reaching all the way to orbit. NASA spinoff technologies are innovations developed for space exploration that go on to shape commercial products and everyday life – even on the soccer field.
For more than 25 years, research aboard the International Space Station has enabled breakthroughs in science, technology, and human health while advancing innovations that benefit people on Earth. That work includes studies that improve understanding of the aerodynamics and physics involved in soccer ball flight.
In partnership with the ISS National Laboratory in 2019, researchers used the station’s microgravity environment to study how a soccer ball’s internal mass affects its motion, stability, and rotation. The findings have improved understanding of how embedded technologies, including match-ball sensors, can influence performance during play. The research contributed to studies used in the development and evaluation of soccer balls for major international tournaments, including FIFA World Cup competition.
Understanding the relationship between an object’s center of mass and its geometric center is key to predicting how free-flying objects move, including spacecraft, satellites, and aircraft.
Since 2022, Adidas has embedded electronics inside official match balls used in major tournaments. The sensors track speed, position, and contact in real time to support officiating and broadcast technology. But those sensors also add mass in specific locations inside the ball, and uneven mass distribution can affect how a ball moves through the air.
The space-based research has helped improve understanding of how internal mass, including embedded sensors, can influence stability and rotation in real-world playing conditions.
This work builds on earlier research into how spinning objects behave in microgravity.
Engineers at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley, California tested Adidas’ Brazuca ball, developed for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, in wind tunnel conditions at the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory. Researchers studied aerodynamic behavior, including how low-spin kicks can produce “knuckling,” where the ball moves unpredictably due to unstable airflow across the seams. NASA engineers measured the speeds and flow conditions where this effect was most pronounced.
Adjustments in panel shape, seam depth, and surface texture can influence flight consistency, helping determine whether a ball curves, dips, or holds its line during play.
Now, NASA and Adidas are presenting that science through a STEMonstration that compares how differently balanced soccer balls spin and move in microgravity. The experiment shows how the same physics that governs motion in space also shape the game millions watch on Earth.
Through research aboard the International Space Station and technology developed for exploration, NASA continues to demonstrate how discoveries made for space can benefit people on Earth—including athletes and fans participating in the world’s most popular sport.
Have you ever kicked a soccer ball and wondered why it curves, spins, or sometimes wobbles? NASA astronaut Jessica Meir aboard the International Space Statio...
NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft completed its first supersonic flight Friday, June 5, 2026, marking the first time the aircraft exceeded the speed of sound in support of NASA’s Quesst mission. The milestone represents a major step in flight testing as the aircraft expands into the supersonic portion of its flight envelope.
Da decenni, in fisica si cerca una quinta forza: un’ipotetica nuova interazione fondamentale oltre alle quattro già note – la gravità, l’interazione elettromagnetica e le forze nucleari debole e forte. Una quinta forza potrebbe manifestarsi come una piccola deviazione dalla legge di gravitazione di Newton, per esempio a distanze molto piccole, ed è normalmente descritta attraverso due parametri: la sua intensità e il suo raggio d’azione.
Finora, queste possibili forze sono state trattate soprattutto come possibilità aperte, da verificare sperimentalmente con misure di precisione. Un nuovo studio, guidato dal ricercatore Alfio Bonanno dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (Inaf) a Catania e associato Infn insieme a Emiliano M. Glaviano, dottorando Inaf presso l’Università di Catania e anch’egli associato Infn, indica però che non tutte queste possibilità sono compatibili con una teoria della gravità quantistica matematicamente coerente.
Illustrazione artistica del collegamento tra gravità quantistica e possibili deviazioni dalla legge di Newton. Crediti: Inaf / realizzata con AI Gemini
Il lavoro si inserisce nel quadro della cosiddetta “sicurezza asintotica”, un nuovo programma teorico iniziato alla fine degli anni ’70 dal premio Nobel Steven Weinberg. Secondo questo concetto, la gravità può rimanere consistente fino a energie arbitrariamente elevate grazie all’esistenza di un particolare regime quantistico nel quale l’attrazione gravitazionale smette di aumentare, raggiungendo un comportamento controllato ad altissime energie. In questo ambito, richiedendo che la teoria resti valida e predittiva fino a quelle scale – una proprietà detta “completezza ultravioletta” – i ricercatori hanno trovato che solo una combinazione limitata dei possibili parametri osservabili delle quinte forze può essere realizzata. Il resto viene escluso su basi teoriche, indipendentemente dagli esperimenti. I risultati sono pubblicati su Physical Review Letters.
«L’aspetto più interessante è che parte della regione esclusa teoricamente non è ancora stata esplorata sperimentalmente», spiega Bonanno. «Questo significa che future misure di alta precisione della gravitazione potrebbero testare direttamente – e potenzialmente falsificare – questa classe di modelli ispirati alla gravità quantistica. La novità del nostro lavoro è mostrare quantitativamente come un requisito di coerenza alle altissime energie possa tradursi in vincoli osservabili a basse energie e a distanze macroscopiche, anche planetarie».
Di solito, in fisica, prima si ipotizzano nuove forze e poi si cerca di capire se gli esperimenti riescono a vederle oppure no. In questo caso, il ragionamento è stato diverso: la teoria stessa “scarta” automaticamente alcune possibilità. Una parte di queste “regioni” escluse non è ancora stata raggiunta dagli esperimenti attuali: si apre quindi la possibilità di futuri test della gravità quantistica attraverso misure di precisione della gravitazione.
«Il nostro studio mostra che la gravità quantistica potrebbe non essere soltanto una teoria valida a energie estreme e irraggiungibili, ma avere conseguenze concrete e testabili anche a scale molto più grandi», aggiunge Glaviano. «La fisica delle distanze infinitamente piccole potrebbe lasciare tracce osservabili nel mondo macroscopico: alcune possibili nuove forze della natura sarebbero escluse non dagli esperimenti, ma direttamente dalle leggi fondamentali della teoria».
Tra i possibili test futuri rientrano principalmente misure di precisione della gravitazione: esperimenti di laboratorio a corta distanza, come bilance di torsione e dispositivi analoghi per cercare deviazioni dalla legge di Newton; tecniche emergenti come l’interferometria atomica o i sensori quantistici; misure su scale astronomiche o del Sistema solare, come il lunar laser ranging e i vincoli dalla dinamica planetaria.
Il nuovo lavoro mette in relazione fenomeni che avvengono su scale estremamente diverse: dalla fisica delle distanze infinitamente piccole, dove dovrebbe emergere la gravità quantistica, fino a effetti potenzialmente osservabili su scale macroscopiche e astronomiche. In prospettiva, risultati di questo tipo potrebbero contribuire a orientare la progettazione di nuovi esperimenti e strategie osservative per la ricerca di possibili quinte forze.
«Una delle difficoltà principali è stata superare un blocco soprattutto concettuale: la gravità quantistica viene spesso vista come un argomento estremamente astratto, quasi impossibile da collegare a fenomeni osservabili», conclude Bonanno. «Per certi versi è come trovarsi davanti a una parete in montagna che tutti considerano non scalabile. Il primo passo non è tecnico, ma mentale: convincersi che una via possibile esista davvero. Il lavoro nasce proprio da questa idea: cercare un collegamento concreto tra la fisica delle scale infinitamente piccole e fenomeni potenzialmente osservabili nel mondo reale».
I buchi neri supermassicci al centro delle galassie sono noti per la loro capacità di attrarre e inglobare quello che si trova nelle loro vicinanze. Non tutta la materia che vi cade dentro viene tuttavia divorata. Una parte viene infatti espulsa nell’ambiente circostante: mentre il gas spiraleggia verso il buco nero, esso accelera progressivamente fino a raggiungere velocità prossime a quella della luce; questo processo produce energia e pressione sufficienti a scagliare una parte del materiale verso l’esterno, sotto forma di potenti venti.
Sebbene si ritenga che questi deflussi di materia siano prodotti da tutti i buchi neri supermassicci, finora nessuno è riuscito a osservare venti attivi provenienti dal buco nero di circa quattro milioni di masse solari residente al centro della nostra galassia, la Via Lattea – quello “fotografato” per la prima volta nel 2022: Sagittarius A*.
Immagine ottenuta con i dati del radiotelescopio Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (Alma), in Cile, che mappa la posizione del gas freddo, composto principalmente da monossido di carbonio, nei pressi di Sagittarius A*. In basso nell’immagine è visibile la cavità a forma di cono che punta direttamente verso il buco nero. Crediti: Eso/Naoj/Nrao/Alma; Image processing: Nasa/Cxc/Sao/K. Arcand and P. Edmonds
Finora, appunto. Dopo oltre mezzo secolo dalla scoperta di Sgr A*, avvenuta nei primi anni del 1970, due astrofisici della Northwestern University sono finalmente riusciti nell’impresa. Utilizzando l’array di radiotelescopi Alma, i ricercatori hanno trovato la prova dell’esistenza di un vento attivo generato dal buco nero, risolvendo uno dei misteri più longevi dell’astrofisica moderna e aprendo al tempo stesso una nuova finestra sui processi fisici che avvengono nel cuore della nostra galassia. Lo studio è stato pubblicato la settimana scorsa su The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
Per ottenere questo risultato, Mark Gorski e Lena Murchikova, del Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics della Northwestern University, hanno utilizzato i dati raccolti con Alma in cinque anni di osservazioni. La loro analisi ha fornito la mappa più dettagliata mai prodotta del gas molecolare freddo che circonda il buco nero.
L’immagine mostra il gas situato vicino a Sgr A*, a una distanza di appena un parsec – circa tre anni luce – dal buco nero. Applicando una sofisticata tecnica di calibrazione per eliminare i segnali radio provenienti dal buco nero, i ricercatori sono riusciti a ottenere un’immagine cento volte più profonda e ottanta volte più nitida rispetto alle precedenti mappe della stessa regione.
Proprio questa elevata qualità ha permesso di rivelare una struttura mai osservata prima: un’enorme cavità a forma di cono, estesa per quasi un parsec e ampia circa 45 gradi, completamente svuotata del gas molecolare freddo che circonda l’area: l’impronta del vento caldo ricercato da oltre cinquant’anni dai ricercatori.
«A meno che non si trovi in un vuoto perfetto – e nell’universo il vuoto perfetto non esiste – un buco nero deve produrre in qualche modo un vento», sottolinea Gorski. «Grazie a queste nuove osservazioni, abbiamo finalmente ottenuto una visione abbastanza nitida da individuarne l’impronta. Guardando i dati abbiamo pensato: eccolo, è proprio ciò che tutti stavano cercando da cinquant’anni».
Secondo i ricercatori, solo un vento proveniente da Sgr A* avrebbe potuto infatti creare questa regione cava: un vento talmente energetico da spazzare via il materiale circostante o da riscaldarlo a tal punto da renderlo invisibile alle osservazioni.
«Se del materiale caldo viene espulso dal buco nero, non può coesistere con il gas freddo», dice a questo proposito Gorski. «O lo spinge via oppure lo riscalda. E quando il gas diventa troppo caldo, semplicemente non lo vediamo più».
Rispetto a quanto ipotizzato dai modelli e confermato dalle osservazioni di altri Agn, questo risultato conferma dunque che il buco nero al centro della nostra galassia non è un’eccezione alla regola. «Siamo stati i primi a mostrare che il gas molecolare molto vicino al buco nero lo sta alimentando», spiega Murchikova. «Il vento che Sagittarius A* produce non è particolarmente potente e probabilmente la sua direzione cambia nel tempo. Questo dimostra che il nostro buco nero non è un caso unico e che il nostro posto nell’universo non ha nulla di speciale».
Nello studio, i ricercatori hanno preso in considerazione anche altri possibili scenari per spiegare l’origine della cavità, tra cui l’azione dei venti prodotti dalle stelle vicine. I loro calcoli mostrano però che l’energia necessaria per scavare una struttura di quelle dimensioni è molto superiore a quella che l’intera popolazione stellare presente nella regione sarebbe in grado di fornire. Di conseguenza, l’ipotesi più plausibile resta quella del vento proveniente da Sagittarius A*.
«Si tratta di una quantità enorme di materiale mancante», osserva Gorski. «Abbiamo calcolato quanta energia sarebbe necessaria per scavare questa cavità e il valore ottenuto supera di gran lunga quella che potrebbe essere fornita dalle stelle presenti nella regione. Deve quindi esserci un contributo del buco nero supermassiccio. Inoltre, se si osserva la forma del cono, si nota che punta direttamente verso il buco nero».
Immagine composita che mostra le evidenze di un vento in uscita da Sagittarius A*, il buco nero supermassiccio al centro della Via Lattea. Il punto bianco al centro dell’immagine ne indica la posizione. In arancione sono mostrati i dati dell’Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (Alma), in Cile, che tracciano la distribuzione del gas molecolare freddo composto da monossido di carbonio; in blu i dati nei raggi X del Chandra X-ray Observatory. La struttura conica visibile nell’immagine sarebbe stata scavata da un vento caldo ed energetico proveniente da Sgr A*, che avrebbe disperso o riscaldato il gas freddo presente nella regione. Crediti: Nasa/Cxc/Northwestern University/Mark Gorski
Per rafforzare ulteriormente questa interpretazione, i ricercatori hanno confrontato i propri dati con quelli ottenuti da precedenti osservazioni con il telescopio spaziale a raggi X Chandra della Nasa.
«Affermazioni straordinarie richiedono prove straordinarie», sottolinea Gorski. «Volevamo essere certi di non trovarci di fronte a un artefatto delle immagini. Poi l’immagine ai raggi X di Chandra si è inserita perfettamente. Le caratteristiche molecolari coincidevano». Le immagini di Chandra mostrano infatti intense emissioni X esattamente nella stessa regione in cui manca il gas freddo.
In base all’estensione degli effetti osservati su un vicino flusso di gas ionizzato, gli autori stimano che questo vento sia attivo da almeno 20mila anni. Lo studio suggerisce inoltre che Sgr A* sia relativamente tranquillo rispetto ai buchi neri supermassicci al centro di altre galassie, offrendoci un’importante lezione sull’evoluzione dei buchi neri supermassicci: sebbene siamo abituati a osservare nuclei galattici estremamente attivi e luminosi, ciò è vero soltanto per brevi fasi della loro esistenza.
«La maggior parte delle galassie trascorre gran parte della propria vita in uno stato relativamente tranquillo», conclude Murchikova. «Noi però tendiamo a notarle quando attraversano fasi spettacolari, simili a fuochi d’artificio cosmici. Sagittarius A* ci offre finalmente l’opportunità di studiare un buco nero nella sua condizione più comune: quella di apparente quiete».
A chi non è mai capitato di perdersi a osservare le nuvole e riconoscere, tra cirri e cumuli, la forma di un animale, di un volto umano o di una creatura fantastica? Si chiama pareidolia ed è il meccanismo per cui il cervello umano tende a riconoscere forme familiari – un volto, un animale, una figura qualsiasi – in profili casuali. Ecco, la stessa cosa può accadere anche osservando immagini astronomiche, come quella che vedete qui – Immagine della Settimana dell’Eso – ottenuta con il Vlt Survey Telescope (Vst), che oggi celebra il 15esimo anniversario della sua prima luce.
Le nebulose Gum 10 e Gum 11. Crediti: Eso/Vphas+ team
Queste nebulose – aggregati di polvere e gas nello spazio interstellare – si chiamano Gum 10 e Gum 11. Visibili principalmente dall’emisfero australe, fanno parte di un complesso più ampio in cui nascono le stelle. Gum 10 è la nebulosa più brillante e occupa la maggior parte dell’immagine, mentre Gum 11 è la nube più tenue e isolata in basso a sinistra. Il loro bagliore intenso deriva da una particolare interazione tra l’idrogeno e le stelle massicce e calde presenti in ciascuna nebulosa. Queste stelle emettono luce ultravioletta, con energia sufficiente a strappare gli elettroni dagli atomi, formando ioni. Gli elettroni si ricombinano con gli ioni di idrogeno, provocando l’emissione della caratteristica tonalità di luce rossa visibile nell’immagine. Le linee scure nella nebulosa sono dovute alla polvere, che blocca la luce proveniente dal fondo.
Il progetto Vst è nato da una collaborazione tra Eso e l’Osservatorio astronomico di Capodimonte (Oac) dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (Inaf). Oggi il Vst è gestito interamente dall’Inaf ed è ospitato presso l’Eso, all’Osservatorio di Paranal, in Cile. I dati alla base di questa immagine provengono da un progetto chiamato Vphas+, che utilizza il Vst per mappare il piano della nostra galassia, la Via Lattea, con l’obiettivo di comprendere meglio il ciclo di vita delle stelle.
Ma tornando all’immagine, voi che forme vedete? Un pollo che becca semi sul terreno, la testa di un drago o qualcos’altro del tutto diverso?
Nessuna tecnologia extraterrestre rilevata su 3I/Atlas: questo il risultato pubblicato sulla rivista The Astronomical Journal da un gruppo di ricerca del Seti Institute. L’analisi delle osservazioni radio condotte con l’Allen Telescope Array presso lo Hat Creek Radio Observatory, nella California settentrionale, ha mostrato la totale assenza di segnali riconducibili a trasmettitori extraterrestri, confermando che l’oggetto esibisce una composizione e un comportamento naturali simili a quelli di una cometa.
Scoperto a luglio 2025, 3I/Atlas è il terzo oggetto confermato proveniente da un altro sistema stellare a entrare nel Sistema solare, dopo 1I/’Oumuamua e 2I/Borisov. La sua origine interstellare rende 3I/Atlas una rara opportunità per studiare materiale esterno al Sistema solare e comprendere meglio come i sistemi planetari si formano ed evolvono. Sebbene le osservazioni indichino fortemente che 3I/Atlas sia un oggetto naturale, i visitatori interstellari sono interessanti per la ricerca di tecnofirme: un oggetto artificiale – per quanto improbabile – potrebbe rappresentare una tecnologia extraterrestre rilevabile e potenzialmente fornire la prima prova di vita oltre la Terra.
«Un giorno, le nostre navicelle Voyager diventeranno artefatti extraterrestri in altri sistemi stellari», osserva a questo proposito Sofia Sheikh, prima autrice dell’articolo. «Alla luce di ciò, è importante comprendere la distribuzione naturale degli oggetti interstellari, in modo da poter individuare eventuali anomalie che un giorno potrebbero rivelarsi segni della presenza di un oggetto interstellare artificiale».
L’Allen Telescope Array presso l’Osservatorio Radio di Hat Creek. Crediti: Seth Shostak/Seti Institute
Il team di ricerca ha osservato 3I/Atlas per più di sette ore con l’Allen Telescope Array, coprendo le bande radio da 1 a 9 gigahertz. Questa ampia gamma consente di cercare segnali radio a banda stretta, che non essendo prodotti in natura sarebbero la prova di una tecnologia. Sono stati identificati in totale quasi 74 milioni di segnali in questa banda e, dopo aver rimosso le interferenze umane e ristretto i segnali a quelli corrispondenti al movimento di 3I/Atlas, ne sono rimasti da analizzare circa duecento: tutti sono stati ricondotti a tecnologie sulla superficie terrestre o a satelliti in orbita attorno alla Terra.
Sebbene non siano stati trovati segnali riconducibili a tecnofirme, i risultati mostrano quanto sia realistico rilevare un segnale con la tecnologia che abbiamo oggi. Lo studio, inoltre, dimostra anche la rapidità di risposta dell’Allen Telescope Array nei confronti dei nuovi oggetti interstellari: le osservazioni sono iniziate, infatti, meno di un giorno dopo l’annuncio della scoperta di 3I/Atlas.
L’osservazione di questi corpi celesti aiuta gli scienziati a conoscere le proprietà naturali degli oggetti interstellari mentre viaggiano attraverso il Sistema solare. Man mano che vengono scoperti altri oggetti, ognuno di essi offre una nuova opportunità per sondare il cosmo alla ricerca di tecnofirme, facendo progredire la nostra comprensione dei fenomeni sia naturali sia potenzialmente tecnologici oltre il Sistema solare.
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)
NASA’s X-59 eXternal Vision System shows Mach 1.077 on Friday, June 5, 2026, marking the aircraft’s first time reaching supersonic speed in support of NASA’s Quesst mission. The moment represents a milestone for the aircraft as it transitions to include test flights faster than the speed of sound.
NASA
NASA’s experimentalX-59 aircraft marked a major milestone Friday, June 5, when it flew faster than the speed of sound for the first time, setting the stage for demonstrating its quiet supersonic capabilities later this year.
NASA test pilot Jim “Clue” Less took off and landed at Edwards Air Force Base in California, reaching a top speed of approximately Mach 1.1 (713 mph) and altitude of 43,400 feet. The X-59’s flight began at 11:08 a.m. PDT and lasted 81 minutes, with the team focusing on flying qualities at both subsonic and then supersonic speeds.
In the coming days, we expect to take the next step and push to Mach 1.4
jared isaacman
NASA Administrator
”X-59 is getting ready for its quiet supersonic debut. Since the aircraft’s first flight on Oct. 28, 2025, the team has made tremendous progress, flying 16 times in the last 90 days and getting into a steady test rhythm. In the coming days, we expect to take the next step and push to Mach 1.4,” said NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman “I’m grateful to the NASA team and Lockheed Martin Skunk Works for their help getting us to this point, and I hope this is the first of many collaborations as we rebuild NASA’s X-plane portfolio.”
The X-59 is designed to fly at supersonic speeds while creating only a quiet thump instead of a loud sonic boom. For this flight, a NASA F‑15 chase plane flew nearby to monitor the X‑59. The loud sonic booms from the F-15 obscured any sound made by the X-59.
“The X-59’s first supersonic flight is a testament to America’s enduring leadership in science, engineering, and aerospace innovation,” said Michael Kratsios, Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. “This achievement comes as the Trump Administration continues work to unleash supersonic flight and enable American ingenuity.”
This first supersonic flight is a significant milestone, but an event even more critical to the mission is upcoming. In just days, the aircraft is expected to make its first “mission conditions” flight, reaching a cruising speed of Mach 1.4 (925 mph) and altitude of approximately 55,000 feet. The X-59 also will be accompanied by a chase plane for this flight.
NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft completed its first supersonic flight Friday, June 5, 2026, marking the first time the aircraft exceeded the speed of sound in support of NASA’s Quesst mission. The milestone represents a major step in flight testing as the aircraft expands into the supersonic portion of its flight envelope.
NASA / Lori Losey
This speed and altitude are the base conditions for the X-59 when it will eventually fly over several U.S. communities enabling NASA to gather data about how people may perceive its quiet thump. NASA will share this data with U.S. and international regulators to help establish new data-driven noise standards to enable a future viable market for supersonic commercial flight over land.
For the last several months, the X-59 has been participating in an ongoing series of flights where the plane has been flying at a wide range of speeds and altitudes – a process known as envelope expansion. These tests are the first phase of the X-59’s flight testing. They are focused on performance and involve chase plane monitoring. When the aircraft completes this phase it will enter another, focused on its sound profile in order to verify its quiet thump capability.
The X-59 is the centerpiece of NASA’s Quesst mission, which aims to demonstrate quiet supersonic flight and help enable commercial supersonic flight over land worldwide. These advancements will help travelers reach their preferred destinations faster, spending less time in the air.
Through Quesst’s development of the X-59, NASA also will deliver design tools and technology for quiet supersonic airliners that will achieve the high speeds desired by commercial operators without disturbing people on the ground. NASA will validate design tools through ground and flight testing, providing U.S. aircraft manufacturers the ability to explore new quiet supersonic concepts, and provide them with confidence that their resulting designs will meet quiet flight requirements.
NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft completed its first supersonic flight Friday, June 5, 2026, marking the first time the aircraft exceeded the s...
A year after America’s first spacewalk, Gemini IX-A Eugene Cernan stepped outside his spacecraft for an ambitious extravehicular activity scheduled for 167 minutes. The challenges he faced led NASA to reevaluate plans, equipment, and training for future spacewalks.
Misurata la massa di un buco nero dormiente che si nasconde al centro di una galassia dell’universo primordiale. Sebbene il buco nero – un colosso sei miliardi di volte più massiccio del Sole – non sia più visibile, avendo smesso di rendere luminoso il materiale che lo circonda, i ricercatori sono comunque riusciti a determinarne la massa. Lo hanno fatto misurando, con il James Webb Space Telescope (Jwst), il moto delle stelle vicine al centro della galassia, influenzate dalla sua gravità.
Jwst e il lensing gravitazionale hanno permesso a un team internazionale di astronomi, guidato da Andrew Newman della Carnegie Science, di misurare per la prima volta la massa di un buco nero dormiente dell’universo primordiale. Crediti: Navid Marvi/ Carnegie Science
I buchi neri in fase di accrescimento attivo sono, per confronto, molto più facili da individuare. Gli astronomi li cercano da decenni osservando i quasar – tra gli oggetti più luminosi dell’universo, alimentati dal gas che cade nel buco nero al centro della galassia.
Il buco nero protagonista di questo studio, pubblicato ieri su Science e firmato tra gli altri da numerosi astronomi associati all’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (Inaf), si trova al centro di Mrg-M0138, una galassia massiccia la cui luce ha impiegato circa 10 miliardi di anni per raggiungere Jwst, provenendo da un’epoca in cui l’universo aveva circa tre miliardi di anni. La galassia, però, non è attiva: non forma più stelle e il suo buco nero centrale è anch’esso quiescente.
I moti collettivi delle stelle nei nuclei galattici sono stati utilizzati per pesare i buchi neri fino a una distanza di circa 700 milioni di anni luce. Ma senza la sofisticata strumentazione di Jwst e il contributo del lensing gravitazionale, questo tipo di misurazione non sarebbe stato possibile per questa galassia lontana e, in generale, per le galassie più distanti.
Per nostra fortuna, Mrg-M0138 si trova infatti dietro un massiccio ammasso di galassie, che ne amplifica e distorce l’aspetto. Di conseguenza, la galassia appare circa 30 volte più grande di quanto sarebbe normalmente. «Combinando i dati di Jwst con la lente gravitazionale, abbiamo potuto sondare la sfera di influenza del buco nero, dove la sua gravità accelera il moto delle stelle», spiega Andrew Newman della Carnegie Science di Pasadena, in California. «È una delle migliori tecniche a nostra disposizione per pesare un buco nero, e siamo stati entusiasti di estenderla a un’epoca molto più antica della storia cosmica».
In precedenza, erano stati individuati solo pochi buchi neri dormienti di questa massa, tutti nell’universo vicino. La scoperta offre quindi nuovi indizi su come i buchi neri e le galassie siano cresciuti insieme nell’universo primordiale. Le galassie vicine mostrano strette correlazioni tra le masse dei loro buchi neri centrali e le proprietà delle galassie che li ospitano. Tuttavia, è stato difficile verificare se queste relazioni esistessero già miliardi di anni fa. I risultati dei ricercatori suggeriscono che le galassie più compatte sono state sedi di una rapida crescita dei buchi neri nelle prime epoche del cosmo.
«Questo importante risultato conferma ancora una volta il ruolo di primo piano della comunità astrofisica italiana nello studio delle lenti gravitazionali, un ambito di ricerca condotto in stretta sinergia con collaborazioni internazionali», ricorda a Media Inaf uno degli autori dello studio, Pietro Bergamini dell’Inaf Oas di Bologna. «La modellizzazione di questi sistemi è infatti fondamentale per sfruttare gli ammassi di galassie come veri e propri telescopi cosmici e, in questo caso, ha permesso di esplorare le regioni più interne di un buco nero supermassiccio al centro di una galassia nell’universo lontano».
Sebbene oggi quiescente, in passato Mrg-M0138 fu probabilmente un potente quasar. Solo che l’energia rilasciata da un buco nero in rapida crescita, come quelli al centro dei quasar, può disperdere il gas che alimenta la nascita delle stelle, frenando così ogni ulteriore attività di formazione stellare.
Il team sta attualmente analizzando dati Jwst relativi ad altre galassie simili. Il satellite Euclid e il Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope riveleranno molti più esempi di lenti gravitazionali di quanti ne siano attualmente noti. E il Giant Magellan Telescope, attualmente in costruzione presso il Las Campanas Observatory in Cile, avrà la capacità di studiare i moti stellari nelle galassie distanti con un livello di dettaglio molto superiore a quello di Jwst.
Applicare questi metodi a un numero sempre maggiore di galassie, permetterà di comprendere come i buchi neri più massicci si siano formati, cresciuti e abbiano plasmato l’evoluzione delle galassie.
Per saperne di più:
Leggi su Science l’articolo “A stellar dynamical mass measurement of an inactive black hole at redshift 2” di Andrew B. Newman, Meng Gu, Sirio Belli, Richard S. Ellis, Sai Gangula, Jenny E. Greene, Jonelle L. Walsh, Sherry H. Suyu, Sebastian Ertl, Gabriel Caminha, Giovanni Granata, Claudio Grillo, Stefan Schuldt, Tania M. Barone, Simeon Bird, Karl Glazebrook, Marziye Jafariyazani, Mariska Kriek, Allison Matthews, Takahiro Morishita, Themiya Nanayakkara, Justin D. R. Pierel, Ana Acebrón, Pietro Bergamini, Sangjun Cha, Jose M. Diego, Nicholas Foo, Brenda Frye, Yoshinobu Fudamoto, M. James Jee, Patrick S. Kamieneski, Anton M. Koekemoer, Asish K. Meena, Shun Nishida, Masamune Oguri, Piero Rosati e Adi Zitrin
Il campo magnetico della Terra agisce come uno scudo che devia il flusso continuo di particelle cariche proveniente dal Sole lungo strutture magnetiche chiamate tubi di flusso: è l’effetto Zwan-Wolf, scoperto nel 1976. Il campo magnetico è confinato in una regione di spazio, la magnetosfera, che si estende a decine di migliaia di chilometri oltre la superficie terrestre. Finora l’effetto Zwan-Wolf era stato osservato solo nelle magnetosfere dei pianeti, ma un nuovo studio guidato da Christopher Fowler dell’Università della Virginia Occidentale ne descrive ora la rilevazione nella ionosfera di Marte, la regione ionizzata della sua alta atmosfera.
Il lavoro, pubblicato il mese scorso su Nature Communications, riporta che l’effetto è emerso durante un evento di espulsione di massa coronale del Sole avvenuto nel dicembre 2023: attraverso i dati raccolti dalla missione Maven della Nasa, è stata osservata la compressione del plasma lungo tubi di flusso magnetici, riconducibile proprio al fenomeno Zwan-Wolf. Come spiegato da Fowler, «questa compressione contribuisce a spostare il plasma del vento solare attorno al pianeta e ne riduce la densità nella zona davanti». Marte non possiede un campo magnetico globale come quello terrestre, e quindi offre un laboratorio naturale per capire come il vento solare interagisce con mondi esposti.
Rappresentazione artistica dell’effetto Zwan-Wolf su Marte: è stato dimostrato che comprime l’atmosfera e influisce sull’interazione del meteo spaziale con il pianeta. Le frecce gialle indicano il movimento dell’effetto nell’atmosfera marziana. Crediti: LASP/CU Boulder
«Mentre analizzavo i dati, ho notato all’improvviso alcune oscillazioni molto interessanti», ricorda il primo autore. «Non avrei mai immaginato che si trattasse di questo effetto, dato che non era mai stato osservato prima in un’atmosfera planetaria». L’osservazione dei segnali attribuiti all’effetto Zwan-Wolf si estende fino alle quote più basse campionate dalla sonda, suggerendo che abbia influenzato l’atmosfera anche al di sotto del veicolo spaziale; il forte evento di tempesta solare ha probabilmente amplificato un fenomeno altrimenti troppo debole per essere rilevato dagli strumenti di Maven, rendendo quindi visibile un processo che potrebbe verificarsi anche in condizioni normali ma a livelli più difficili da misurare.
«Rilevando questo effetto nell’atmosfera di Marte, stiamo scoprendo nuovi modi in cui il Sole può interagire con i pianeti del Sistema solare e influenzarli. È incredibile pensare che un’eruzione solare possa alterare l’atmosfera di Marte a 229 milioni di chilometri di distanza», dice Fowler. «Comprendere in che modo questi fenomeni meteorologici spaziali influenzano il nostro Sistema solare è importante non solo per garantire la sicurezza dei nostri esploratori robotici — e, potenzialmente, anche di quelli umani — in futuro, ma anche per proteggere le infrastrutture spaziali da cui dipendono le tecnologie che utilizziamo quotidianamente qui sulla Terra». Per gli scienziati, questo apre una nuova finestra sulla fisica del plasma in ambienti non magnetizzati, con possibili implicazioni anche per Venere e Titano, oltre che per la comprensione della perdita dell’atmosfera di Marte.
Maven è in orbita attorno al Pianeta rosso dal 2014 con l’obiettivo di studiare l’alta atmosfera, l’ionosfera e l’interazione con il vento solare. La missione era nata proprio per ricostruire come Marte abbia perso parte della sua atmosfera nel tempo e come questo abbia influenzato l’evoluzione del pianeta, l’acqua liquida e la possibile abitabilità passata. L’ultimo segnale arrivato dalla sonda risale al 6 dicembre e, dopo vari accertamenti riguardo la perdita del segnale, mercoledì scorso la Nasa ha dichiarato la missione ufficialmente conclusa.
Per saperne di più:
Leggi su Nature Communications l’articolo “Detection of Zwan-Wolf effect in the ionosphere of Mars”, di Christopher M. Fowler, Kathleen G. Hanley, James McFadden, David Mitchell, Jasper Halekas, Laila Andersson, Duncan Bark, Yingjuan Ma, Christopher Chaston, Beatriz Sanchez-Cano, Mark Lester, David Brain, Christian Mazelle, Jared Espley, Mehdi Benna, Rebecca Jolitz, Robin Ramstad e Shannon Curry
L’abitabilità della Terra non dipende soltanto dalla sua posizione nella cosiddetta zona abitabile del Sole. Un fattore altrettanto importante è stato l’approvvigionamento degli elementi chimici essenziali per la vita: carbonio, idrogeno, azoto, ossigeno, fosforo e zolfo. Gli addetti ai lavori li chiamano Chnops, acronimo formato dalle iniziali dei loro nomi in inglese.
Tutta le forme di vita sulla Terra hanno bisogno degli stessi elementi: carbonio, idrogeno, azoto, ossigeno, fosforo e zolfo (Chnops). Elementi che provengono dallo spazio: a parte l’idrogeno, sono stati forgiati all’interno delle stelle e si sono diffusi in nubi di gas e polvere. La gravità ha poi fatto sì che questo materiale si aggregasse, formando nuove stelle e oggetti più piccoli come i pianeti. Crediti: Nasa
Da tempo gli scienziati si chiedono quale sia l’origine di questi elementi sulla Terra. L’ipotesi più diffusa sostiene che siano stati trasportati dalle condriti carbonacee, meteoriti provenienti dal Sistema solare esterno, considerate planetesimi di seconda generazione. Secondo tale scenario, questi corpi avrebbero raggiunto la Terra nelle fasi finali della sua formazione, arricchendola di elementi fondamentali come fosforo e azoto.
Uno studio pubblicato ieri su Science Advances propone ora uno scenario diverso. Secondo la nuova ricerca, gli ingredienti chimici indispensabili alla vita sarebbero stati forniti alla Terra dai primi planetesimi formatisi nel Sistema solare interno, ovvero i corpi progenitori delle meteoriti ferrose, oggi rappresentati da oggetti situati in gran parte nella fascia principale degli asteroidi tra Marte e Giove.
Nelle primissime fasi della storia del Sistema solare, gas e polveri si sono aggregati formando piccoli corpi chiamati planetesimi. Attraverso collisioni e successive fusioni, questi oggetti hanno dato origine ai pianeti e alle lune che osserviamo oggi. Alcuni frammenti di quei corpi primitivi sono sopravvissuti fino ai nostri giorni sotto forma di asteroidi e meteoriti, offrendo una preziosa finestra sul passato del Sistema solare.
Illustrazione artistica che mostra un disco protoplanetario in orbita attorno a una giovane stella. Crediti: Nasa/Fuse/Lynette Cook
Le meteoriti ferrose e le condriti carbonacee rappresentano due popolazioni distinte di questi corpi. Le prime, composte prevalentemente da ferro e nichel, derivano dalla generazione più antica di planetesimi. Le seconde sono invece meteoriti rocciose provenienti da corpi formatisi circa due o tre milioni di anni più tardi e costituiscono la maggior parte delle meteoriti ritrovate sulla Terra.
Gli autori dello studio – Debjeet Pathak, Rajdeep Dasgupta e Naidhruv Iyer della Rice University – si sono chiesti quale di queste due generazioni di planetesimi abbia fornito la maggior parte degli elementi indispensabili alla vita sulla Terra, in particolare fosforo e azoto. Si tratta di due elementi bioessenziali: il primo è fondamentale per la formazione di Dna e Rna, le macromolecole che regolano la trasmissione e l’espressione dell’informazione genetica, oltre a svolgere un ruolo chiave nel metabolismo energetico dei sistemi viventi; il secondo, invece, è un componente essenziale delle proteine, indispensabili per la struttura e il funzionamento delle cellule.
Per rispondere a questa domanda, il team ha ricreato in laboratorio le condizioni di formazione dei planetesimi del Sistema solare primordiale. Per farlo, hanno sottoposto la materia costituente queste meteoriti ferrose a pressioni fino a 2 gigapascal e temperature comprese tra 1050 e 1600 gradi Celsius. In questo modo gli scienziati hanno potuto ricostruire il contenuto di fosforo e azoto dei corpi progenitori delle meteoriti e determinare come questi elementi fossero distribuiti tra il Sistema solare interno ed esterno. «Utilizzando la loro composizione chimica nota, abbiamo ricreato in laboratorio la cristallizzazione delle meteoriti ferrose», spiega Debjeet Pathak, primo autore dello studio. «Questo ci ha permesso di determinare la composizione dei piccoli corpi planetari, chiamati planetesimi, da cui queste meteoriti derivano».
Il team ha quindi confrontato il rapporto tra fosforo e azoto così ottenuto con quello della Terra attuale. Il primo risultato che è emerso dallo studio è che la prima generazione di planetesimi presentava rapporti fosforo/azoto più elevati nelle regioni esterne del Sistema solare e più bassi in quelle interne. Questa tendenza si invertiva nella seconda generazione di planetesimi, con rapporti più elevati nella parte interna del Sistema solare.
Infografica che mostra come le meteoriti ferrose (in alto) presentino un rapporto fosforo/azoto più basso nel Sistema solare interno rispetto a quello esterno. Per le condriti carbonacee (in basso) la situazione risulta invertita. Crediti: Rice University/Rajdeep Dasgupta
Lo studio ha individuato in Giove il fattore critico che ha modificato la distribuzione chimica dei due elementi. Secondo i ricercatori, crescendo rapidamente fino a diventare il gigante gassoso che conosciamo oggi, il pianeta avrebbe agito come una barriera gravitazionale, limitando il trasporto di fosforo e azoto dal Sistema solare interno verso quello esterno. Di conseguenza, i planetesimi formatisi all’interno dell’orbita di Giove avrebbero conservato una maggiore abbondanza relativa di questi elementi.
«Con l’aumento delle dimensioni di Giove il trasporto di fosforo e azoto ha iniziato a bloccarsi progressivamente», osserva Pathak. «Ciò ha determinato una diminuzione dei rapporti osservati nelle condriti formatesi fino a due o tre milioni di anni dopo i corpi progenitori delle meteoriti ferrose».
Il risultato più importante emerge però dalla comparazione dei rapporti degli elementi chimici. I ricercatori hanno infatti scoperto che l’attuale rapporto fosforo/azoto della Terra è riprodotto molto meglio assumendo un contributo predominante di planetesimi provenienti dal Sistema solare interno.
«Lo studio suggerisce che la Terra abbia acquisito le sue riserve di fosforo e azoto, elementi essenziali per la vita, principalmente dal Sistema solare interno, senza richiedere un contributo significativo delle condriti provenienti dal Sistema solare esterno», sottolinea Pathak. Se confermato, questo scenario modificherebbe la visione tradizionale sull’origine degli ingredienti chimici della vita sulla Terra. Inoltre, attribuirebbe a Giove un ruolo fondamentale non solo nell’architettura del Sistema solare, ma anche nella distribuzione degli elementi che hanno reso possibile l’abitabilità del nostro pianeta.
«Per quanto riguarda il Sistema solare», conclude Rajdeep Dasgupta, coautore dello studio, «la presenza e la storia di crescita di Giove sembrano aver avuto un ruolo cruciale nel determinare la distribuzione degli ingredienti chimici di base necessari per i mondi abitabili. Resta da capire se sia possibile ottenere un inventario di elementi essenziali simile a quello terrestre in sistemi planetari privi di un pianeta analogo a Giove».
Ci sono luoghi in cui il cielo non è soltanto uno sfondo, ma una parte viva del paesaggio. Ad Allai, piccolo comune sardo di circa trecento abitanti nel cuore del Barigadu, le stelle sono diventate un patrimonio da proteggere, raccontare e condividere.
Il borgo ha ottenuto la certificazione internazionale di “Villaggio delle Stelle” rilasciata dalla Fundación Starlight dell’Istituto di astrofisica delle Canarie, diventando il primo borgo d’Italia a ricevere questo riconoscimento. Un risultato che inserisce Allai nella rete internazionale dei luoghi considerati eccezionali per la qualità del cielo notturno e per l’impegno nella sua tutela.
Il cielo notturno di Allai. Crediti: Manuel Floris
La certificazione Starlight premia i siti che conservano cieli bui e adatti all’osservazione astronomica, riconoscendo anche il valore naturalistico, culturale e turistico dei territori che scelgono di proteggere il cielo notturno e di promuovere attività di divulgazione scientifica, educazione ambientale e astroturismo. Con questo risultato, Allai si affianca ai due “Parchi delle Stelle” già presenti in Italia: il Parco astronomico di Saint-Barthélemy, in Valle d’Aosta, e l’area del Centro Gal Hassin del Parco astronomico di Isnello, in Sicilia.
Il riconoscimento è il risultato di un lavoro avviato negli ultimi quattro anni per rendere il paese più attento al cielo e al paesaggio notturno. L’amministrazione comunale, insieme alla comunità locale, è intervenuta sull’illuminazione pubblica per ridurre l’inquinamento luminoso e limitare la dispersione della luce verso l’alto.
Un punto informativo e di osservazione del cielo stellato ad Allai. Crediti: CiMA – Civico Museo di Allai
Allo stesso tempo, alcuni punti del borgo sono stati pensati come luoghi in cui fermarsi a guardare le stelle, con sedute dedicate e mappe celesti a disposizione dei visitatori. In questo senso, la certificazione non riguarda soltanto la qualità del cielo, ma anche il modo in cui quel cielo viene condiviso con la comunità: attraverso attività di divulgazione, osservazioni guidate, iniziative culturali e percorsi capaci di avvicinare cittadini, scuole e visitatori all’astronomia.
A rendere questo percorso anche un’occasione di incontro tra territorio, scienza e divulgazione hanno contribuito eventi di osservazione del cielo, conferenze e workshop fotografici organizzati con il supporto del Planetario de L’Unione Sarda, di Flavia Dell’Agli dell’Inaf di Roma e di Manuel Floris del Planetario de L’Unione Sarda.
Un’altra immagine del cielo notturno di Allai. Crediti: Manuel Floris
«In questi anni il Comune di Allai, e la sua comunità tutta, hanno investito molto sul salvaguardare e valorizzare le ricchezze naturali di cui dispone», dice Flavia Dell’Agli. «Una di queste è un meraviglioso cielo stellato che si può ammirare anche nel cuore del borgo, tra i vicoli e le piazze. Orientare energie e risorse in questa direzione non è scontato e lo dimostrano i dati più recenti sull’inquinamento luminoso. È stato un privilegio poter sostenere questa scelta coraggiosa, nella speranza che possa essere di esempio per molti altri luoghi bui d’Italia. Il cielo stellato è troppo spesso dimenticato o dato per scontato. Poterlo donare nuovamente agli occhi di tutti noi è qualcosa per cui dobbiamo lottare».
Il tema dell’inquinamento luminoso riguarda infatti non solo gli astronomi, ma tutti. L’aumento dell’illuminazione artificiale rende sempre più difficile osservare la Via Lattea e le stelle più deboli. Per questo la protezione del cielo buio è oggi anche una forma di tutela ambientale e culturale.
La certificazione Starlight non rappresenta quindi un punto di arrivo, ma l’inizio di una nuova fase per il borgo. Le attività del Civico Museo di Allai, insieme alle serate di osservazione astronomica guidata, alle conferenze e ai laboratori scientifici, contribuiranno ad arricchire l’offerta culturale e turistica del territorio.
In un’epoca in cui il cielo stellato scompare sempre più spesso dietro la luce artificiale, Allai sceglie di ripartire dalla notte. Non come limite, ma come risorsa da proteggere: uno spazio condiviso in cui tornare ad alzare lo sguardo.
During its 61st close flyby of Jupiter on May 12, 2024, NASA's Juno spacecraft captured this color-enhanced view of the giant planet's northern hemisphere.
Astronauts Sophie Adenot of ESA (European Space Agency) and Jack Hathaway of NASA, both Expedition 74 flight engineers, look out a window in the cupola.
Astronauts Sophie Adenot of ESA (European Space Agency) and Jack Hathaway of NASA, both Expedition 74 flight engineers, look out a window in the cupola, monitoring the automated approach and docking of the SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft to the International Space Station on May 17, 2026. The orbital outpost was soaring 259 miles above the Indian Ocean just west of the Maldives at the time of this photograph.
Astronauts Sophie Adenot of ESA (European Space Agency) and Jack Hathaway of NASA, both Expedition 74 flight engineers, look out a window in the cupola, monitoring the automated approach and docking of the SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft to the International Space Station on May 17, 2026. The orbital outpost was soaring 259 miles above the Indian Ocean just west of the Maldives at the time of this photograph.
NASA’s SpaceX Crew-11 astronauts gather together for a crew portrait wearing their Dragon pressure suits during a suit verification check inside the International Space Station’s Kibo laboratory module. Clockwise from bottom left are, NASA astronaut Mike Fincke, Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov, NASA astronaut Zena Cardman, and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Kimiya Yui.
Credit: NASA
NASA will host a public event featuring three crew members from the agency’s SpaceX Crew-11 mission at 11 a.m. EDT Monday, June 1. The event, which takes place during the crew’s standard postflight visit, will be held in the Webb Auditorium at NASA Headquarters in the Mary W. Jackson building, 300 E. Street SW in Washington.
The crew members, including NASA astronauts Zena Cardman and Mike Fincke and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Kimiya Yui, will discuss their recent 167-day mission aboard the International Space Station, where they conducted a wide range of science experiments to benefit life on Earth and advance human space exploration as part of International Space Station Expedition 73/74.
The Crew-11 mission lifted off on Aug.1, 2025, from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The crew’s SpaceX Dragon spacecraft docked to the orbital outpost on Aug. 2.
During their mission, the three astronauts, along with crewmate Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov, traveled nearly 71 million miles and completed more than 2,670 orbits around Earth. The Crew-11 mission was Fincke’s fourth spaceflight, Yui’s second, and the first for Cardman and Platonov. Fincke has logged 549 days in space, ranking him fourth among all NASA astronauts for cumulative days in space. The crew members returned to Earth on Jan. 15, splashing down off the coast of San Diego.
Along the way, Crew-11 logged hundreds of hours of research, maintenance, and technology demonstrations. The crew members also celebrated the 25th anniversary of continuous human presence aboard the orbiting laboratory on Nov. 2, 2025. Research conducted aboard the space station advances scientific knowledge and demonstrates new technologies that enable us to prepare for human exploration of the Moon and Mars.
Media interested in attending the event must RSVP by 8 a.m., June 1, by emailing the NASA Headquarters newsroom at hq-media@mail.nasa.gov. NASA’s media accreditation policy is online. Based on the crew’s schedule, NASA will not be able to accommodate interviews.
This opportunity also is part of NASA’s Frontiers Forum: Voices Shaping the Future of Space speaking series designed to convene bold thinkers and senior leaders at the forefront of exploration and innovation. The series will spotlight mission-critical priorities from advancing the Artemis campaign and strengthening commercial partnerships to shaping the future workforce and accelerating breakthrough technologies. The agency will share more details soon.
To learn more about the International Space Station and its research and crews, visit:
NASA’s SpaceX Crew-11 astronauts gather together for a crew portrait wearing their Dragon pressure suits during a suit verification check inside the International Space Station’s Kibo laboratory module. Clockwise from bottom left are, NASA astronaut Mike Fincke, Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov, NASA astronaut Zena Cardman, and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Kimiya Yui.
Credit: NASA
NASA will host a public event featuring three crew members from the agency’s SpaceX Crew-11 mission at 11 a.m. EDT Monday, June 1. The event, which takes place during the crew’s standard postflight visit, will be held in the Webb Auditorium at NASA Headquarters in the Mary W. Jackson building, 300 E. Street SW in Washington.
The crew members, including NASA astronauts Zena Cardman and Mike Fincke and JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Kimiya Yui, will discuss their recent 167-day mission aboard the International Space Station, where they conducted a wide range of science experiments to benefit life on Earth and advance human space exploration as part of International Space Station Expedition 73/74.
The Crew-11 mission lifted off on Aug.1, 2025, from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The crew’s SpaceX Dragon spacecraft docked to the orbital outpost on Aug. 2.
During their mission, the three astronauts, along with crewmate Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov, traveled nearly 71 million miles and completed more than 2,670 orbits around Earth. The Crew-11 mission was Fincke’s fourth spaceflight, Yui’s second, and the first for Cardman and Platonov. Fincke has logged 549 days in space, ranking him fourth among all NASA astronauts for cumulative days in space. The crew members returned to Earth on Jan. 15, splashing down off the coast of San Diego.
Along the way, Crew-11 logged hundreds of hours of research, maintenance, and technology demonstrations. The crew members also celebrated the 25th anniversary of continuous human presence aboard the orbiting laboratory on Nov. 2, 2025. Research conducted aboard the space station advances scientific knowledge and demonstrates new technologies that enable us to prepare for human exploration of the Moon and Mars.
Media interested in attending the event must RSVP by 8 a.m., June 1, by emailing the NASA Headquarters newsroom at hq-media@mail.nasa.gov. NASA’s media accreditation policy is online. Based on the crew’s schedule, NASA will not be able to accommodate interviews.
This opportunity also is part of NASA’s Frontiers Forum: Voices Shaping the Future of Space speaking series designed to convene bold thinkers and senior leaders at the forefront of exploration and innovation. The series will spotlight mission-critical priorities from advancing the Artemis campaign and strengthening commercial partnerships to shaping the future workforce and accelerating breakthrough technologies. The agency will share more details soon.
To learn more about the International Space Station and its research and crews, visit:
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)
NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft flies over Rogers Dry Lake near NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, on Tuesday, May 12, 2026. NASA continues expanding the aircraft’s flight envelope through a series of lower-altitude and slower-speed flights ahead of upcoming flight tests at speeds faster than the speed of sound.
NASA/Jim Ross
NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft is preparing for some of its most significant flights yet. The X-plane is about to begin a new block of test flights that will include its first time flying faster than the speed of sound and other mission-critical objectives.
“What comes next is the first time this one-of-a-kind aircraft will fly supersonic,” said Cathy Bahm, project manager for NASA’s Low Boom Flight Demonstrator. “We are starting toward the mission conditions test point that X-59 was designed for.”
After months of flights, the X-59 team reviewed their progress in late May and now look toward the aircraft’s next series of flight tests, including higher altitudes and faster speeds. This will give engineers a look at how the X-59 handles under required operational conditions for NASA’s Quesst mission to eventually gather data on quiet supersonic flight.
The team expects the X-59 to fly supersonic – over 630 mph – for the first time at approximately 43,000 feet altitude during a series of test flights in early June, a major milestone for the aircraft. After that, it will conduct a “mission conditions” flight, where it will hit Mach 1.4 (925 mph) at approximately 55,000 feet. That speed and altitude are important because they’re NASA’s performance targets for the X-59 to eventually fly over U.S. communities to demonstrate quiet supersonic flight and collect feedback data about the aircraft’s quiet sonic “thump” from the public.
While the X-59 is designed to fly at supersonic speeds without producing a loud sonic boom, these early flights are not yet intended to demonstrate its quiet supersonic capabilities. The X-59 will be accompanied by a traditional supersonic chase plane, so any quiet thump it produces in the current phase of testing will be obscured by louder, traditional sonic booms from the chase. In supersonic flights this summer, the chase aircraft will also be outfitted with a specialized shock-sensing probe to take initial measurements of the X-59’s shock waves.
Completed flights
The X-59’s first block of flights successfully met several test goals, generating data for its team to analyze. After making its first flight in October 2025, it entered a scheduled period of maintenance before returning to the skies in March 2026. It has since completed 14 additional flights, marking milestones including:
Its first gear swing, or the retraction of its landing gear to show off its sleek design for the first time.
Reaching altitudes up to 43,000 feet and near supersonic speeds at Mach 0.95, approximately 627 mph.
Marking its first dual-flight day and then making those increasingly routine as the X-59 team increased flight cadence.
After a period of moving higher and faster, transitioning into lower and slower test flight conditions so engineers could gather information on the X-59’s behavior across a range of flight conditions.
Data collected during the X-59’s first block of test flights helped teams better assess critical systems, including fuel, hydraulics, environmental controls, and the eXternal Vision System, which is the aircraft’s unique series of cameras that feed into a monitor that allows the pilot to see forward instead of using a traditional windshield. Teams monitored how the aircraft behaved during takeoff, landing, and throughout flight. Strain gauges installed throughout the X-59 collected detailed information on the forces it experienced, and how its structure responded to them.
NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft flies above mountains near NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, on Tuesday, May 12, 2026. NASA continues expanding the aircraft’s flight envelope to evaluate how it performs across a range of flight conditions ahead of upcoming flight tests at speeds faster than the speed of sound in support of the agency’s Quesst mission.
NASA/Jim Ross
Next steps
During the X-59’s upcoming flights, pilots will run through test points while engineers watch the aircraft’s performance — but now in supersonic flight conditions.
“Flying at supersonic speeds is a major milestone for the X-59 team,” Bahm said. “Every step of envelope expansion brings us closer to demonstrating the quiet supersonic capability that is at the heart of the Quesst mission. Completing the first mission-conditions flight is especially meaningful – it’s the moment where we begin validating the aircraft in the environment it was designed for.”
In addition to reaching mission condition during this block of flight tests, the X-59 will also achieve its maximum speed of Mach 1.6 (1,218 mph) and altitude of 60,000 feet.
But just because the aircraft can go that fast doesn’t mean it always will fly supersonic. Testing will continue, including a mix of subsonic and lower-altitude flights so the team can continue monitoring it in varied conditions.
“These flights not only deepen our confidence in the X-59’s performance – they mark our progression toward the future phases of the mission that will ultimately help shape the future of supersonic travel,” Bahm said.
All flights so far and in the upcoming test block are part of Phase 1 of the X-59’s Quesst mission, focused on proving the performance and airworthiness of the aircraft. Some of those flights will include early deployment of equipment, including a probe mounted to one of NASA’s F-15 research aircraft that can measure the X-59’s unique shock wave signature.
Data gathered during those early probing flights will allow engineers to prepare for a new stage of work set to begin later this year: Quesst Phase 2, when teams will begin to measure the aircraft’s supersonic flight signature to verify that it’s producing a quiet supersonic thump, as designed.
“Aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal said, ‘To design a flying machine is nothing. To build one is something. But to fly is everything.’ The 15 X-59 flights we’ve accomplished since March have been everything to this team and the mission,” Bahm said. “Every flight has pushed the boundaries of what’s possible, steadily expanding the envelope and strengthening our confidence in the aircraft.”
But, she said, rather than focusing on past progress, the team is already looking ahead.
“As we look ahead to the upcoming flights, we’re poised to open the envelope even further – moving boldly toward the mission test point this aircraft was built to achieve,” Bahm said. “Flying supersonic and reaching these milestones isn’t just progress; it’s the realization of years of perseverance, innovation, and teamwork. Each step brings us closer to Phase 2, and to the future of commercial supersonic flight.”
NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft is gearing up for some of its most significant flights yet as teams continue expanding the aircraft’s flight e...
NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft flies above NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, during testing focused on lower-speed and altitude flight conditions in support of NASA’s Quesst mission. NASA continues to include two-flight days in its envelope expansion as teams work to better understand how the aircraft responds throughout its operating range.
Tens of thousands of abandoned mines threaten waterways across the American West, but identifying which sites urgently need cleanup is slow and expensive. Now, NASA’s EMIT instrument can analyze the unique light signatures of mine waste from space to help focus remediation efforts where they’re needed most.
Tens of thousands of abandoned mines threaten waterways across the American West, but identifying which sites urgently need cleanup is slow and expensive. Now, NASA’s EMIT instrument can analyze the unique light signatures of mine waste from space to help focus remediation efforts where they’re needed most.
NASA astronaut Jessica Meir works on InSPA-StemCellEX-H2 inside the Life Sciences Glovebox. Microgravity samples will be frozen and returned to Earth for further analysis of stem cell expansion in space.
NASA
Expedition 74 astronauts aboard the International Space Station are continuing research efforts to manufacture large quantities of stem cells for therapies on Earth. Previous studies have focused on fine-tuning hardware that allows scientists to produce greater quantities of high-quality stem cells. Now, the InSPA-StemCellEX-H2 investigation is aiming to demonstrate large scale production of blood stem cells for pharmaceutical and clinical use.
Preflight microscopic image of hematopoietic stem cells for the InSPA-StemCellEX-H2 investigation. This investigation aims to produce stem cells in greater numbers with BioServe’s newly developed microgravity bioreactor.
Mayo Clinic
The research uses stem cells derived from the human body to produce large quantities of cells for patient use through a process called “expansion”. Although stem cells can be expanded in labs on Earth, they have limitations. For example, Earth-produced cells lose their ability to form the different cells in our blood system, like red and white blood cells or platelets, which are critical for leukemia patients that receive stem cells to build up their blood system after chemotherapy.
Dr. Tobias Niederwieser, assistant research professor at BioServe Space Technologies within the University of Colorado Boulder says, “The microgravity environment in space is much more suitable for keeping the stem cells in their high-quality state during expansion.” Scientists predict that growing cells in space may lead to higher expansion potential and a lower risk of rejection when used in patients on Earth. This research could create long-term cell supplies for patients suffering from fatal blood disorders, various blood cancers, or severe immune diseases, and enable more reliable and accessible therapies. “The end result is really to benefit patients in hospitals here on Earth,” Dr. Niederwieser says.
Space station research allows scientists and commercial companies around the world to test new technologies and innovative medical solutions that have the potential to greatly benefit life on Earth.
NASA astronaut Jessica Meir works on InSPA-StemCellEX-H2 inside the Life Sciences Glovebox. Microgravity samples will be frozen and returned to Earth for further analysis of stem cell expansion in space.
NASA
Expedition 74 astronauts aboard the International Space Station are continuing research efforts to manufacture large quantities of stem cells for therapies on Earth. Previous studies have focused on fine-tuning hardware that allows scientists to produce greater quantities of high-quality stem cells. Now, the InSPA-StemCellEX-H2 investigation is aiming to demonstrate large scale production of blood stem cells for pharmaceutical and clinical use.
Preflight microscopic image of hematopoietic stem cells for the InSPA-StemCellEX-H2 investigation. This investigation aims to produce stem cells in greater numbers with BioServe’s newly developed microgravity bioreactor.
Mayo Clinic
The research uses stem cells derived from the human body to produce large quantities of cells for patient use through a process called “expansion”. Although stem cells can be expanded in labs on Earth, they have limitations. For example, Earth-produced cells lose their ability to form the different cells in our blood system, like red and white blood cells or platelets, which are critical for leukemia patients that receive stem cells to build up their blood system after chemotherapy.
Dr. Tobias Niederwieser, assistant research professor at BioServe Space Technologies within the University of Colorado Boulder says, “The microgravity environment in space is much more suitable for keeping the stem cells in their high-quality state during expansion.” Scientists predict that growing cells in space may lead to higher expansion potential and a lower risk of rejection when used in patients on Earth. This research could create long-term cell supplies for patients suffering from fatal blood disorders, various blood cancers, or severe immune diseases, and enable more reliable and accessible therapies. “The end result is really to benefit patients in hospitals here on Earth,” Dr. Niederwieser says.
Space station research allows scientists and commercial companies around the world to test new technologies and innovative medical solutions that have the potential to greatly benefit life on Earth.
Katherine Rauscher, of Michigan Technological University, prepares her team’s prototype lunar robot for its turn during the finals for NASA’s 2026 Lunabotics Challenge competition on Tuesday, May 19, 2026, inside the Astronauts Memorial Foundation’s Center for Space Education at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. Forty-seven teams from around the U.S. designed and built remote-controlled robots capable of traversing challenging lunar terrain while constructing regolith-based berm under conditions similar to those the agency will face as it returns to the lunar surface through Artemis.
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)
NASA astronaut and Expedition 74 flight engineer Jessica Meir configures research gear inside the Destiny laboratory module’s Microgravity Science Glovebox aboard the International Space Station.
Credit: NASA/Jessica Meir
Students in New York will hear from NASA astronaut Jessica Meir as she answers their prerecorded science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) questions while aboard the International Space Station.
The Earth-to-space call will begin at 11:05 p.m. EDT Thursday, May 28, and will stream live on the agency’s Learn With NASA YouTube channel.
This event is hosted by the Cradle of Aviation Museum in Garden City, New York, for students in grades K-12 and members of the community. This unique opportunity aims to deepen understanding of space exploration and enhance awareness of STEM careers.
Media interested in covering the event must RSVP no later than 5 p.m. EDT, Wednesday, May 27, to Jerelyn Zontini at: 516-567-0537 or jzontini@cradleofaviation.org.
For more than 25 years, astronauts have continuously lived and worked aboard the space station, testing technologies, performing science, and developing skills needed to explore farther from Earth. Astronauts communicate with NASA’s Mission Control Center in Houston 24 hours a day through SCaN’s (Space Communications and Navigation) Near Space Network.
Research and technology investigations taking place aboard the space station benefit people on Earth and lay the groundwork for other agency deep space missions. As part of NASA’s Artemis program, the agency will send astronauts to the Moon to prepare for future human exploration of Mars, inspiring the world through discovery in a new Golden Age of innovation and exploration.
For more information on NASA in-flight calls, visit:
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)
NASA astronaut and Expedition 74 flight engineer Jessica Meir configures research gear inside the Destiny laboratory module’s Microgravity Science Glovebox aboard the International Space Station.
Credit: NASA/Jessica Meir
Students in New York will hear from NASA astronaut Jessica Meir as she answers their prerecorded science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) questions while aboard the International Space Station.
The Earth-to-space call will begin at 11:05 p.m. EDT Thursday, May 28, and will stream live on the agency’s Learn With NASA YouTube channel.
This event is hosted by the Cradle of Aviation Museum in Garden City, New York, for students in grades K-12 and members of the community. This unique opportunity aims to deepen understanding of space exploration and enhance awareness of STEM careers.
Media interested in covering the event must RSVP no later than 5 p.m. EDT, Wednesday, May 27, to Jerelyn Zontini at: 516-567-0537 or jzontini@cradleofaviation.org.
For more than 25 years, astronauts have continuously lived and worked aboard the space station, testing technologies, performing science, and developing skills needed to explore farther from Earth. Astronauts communicate with NASA’s Mission Control Center in Houston 24 hours a day through SCaN’s (Space Communications and Navigation) Near Space Network.
Research and technology investigations taking place aboard the space station benefit people on Earth and lay the groundwork for other agency deep space missions. As part of NASA’s Artemis program, the agency will send astronauts to the Moon to prepare for future human exploration of Mars, inspiring the world through discovery in a new Golden Age of innovation and exploration.
For more information on NASA in-flight calls, visit:
Chennai, on India's southern coast along the Bay of Bengal and with a metropolitan population of about 8.7 million, shines with white LED streetlights in this photograph taken at approximately 9:13 p.m. local time on May 2, 2026, from the International Space Station.
Roscosmos cosmonaut Sergey Ryzhikov is pictured at the end of the European robotic arm as he works on a high‑resolution camera during a six‑hour, nine‑minute spacewalk outside the International Space Station on Oct. 16, 2025.
Credit: NASA
NASA will provide live coverage on Wednesday, May 27, as two Roscosmos cosmonauts conduct a spacewalk outside the International Space Station. The spacewalk is scheduled to begin at approximately 10:15 a.m. EDT and last roughly five hours.
Watch NASA’s live coverage beginning at 9:45 a.m. on NASA+, Amazon Prime, and the agency’s YouTube channel. Learn how to watch NASA content through a variety of online platforms, including social media.
International Space Station Expedition 74 commander Sergey Kud-Sverchkov and flight engineer Sergei Mikaev will install a solar radiation experiment on the Zvezda service module and remove other science hardware from the Poisk and Nauka modules of the orbiting complex’s Roscosmos segment. If time allows, the duo also will photograph one of the Progress 94 cargo spacecraft’s Kurs rendezvous antennas, which failed to deploy in March following its launch to the space station.
This Roscosmos spacewalk will be the second for Kud-Sverchkov and the first for Mikaev. Kud-Sverchkov will wear a spacesuit with red stripes, and Mikaev will wear a spacesuit with blue stripes. It will be the 279th spacewalk in support of space station assembly, maintenance, and upgrades.
To learn more about International Space Station research, operations, and its crews, visit:
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)
NASA crew chief Walt Kondracki checks an F-15 aircraft Tuesday, March 17, 2026, at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California. Ground crews, made of various roles, maintain the aircraft to be ready for each mission.
NASA/Carla Escamilla
From high‑speed research flights to high‑altitude science campaigns, NASA depends on aircraft that perform at their best and the ground crews who keep them mission ready.
At NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, specially trained maintenance crews are essential to keeping the agency’s aircraft flying safely and reliably.
This year, NASA added two F-15s and a Pilatus PC-12 to its fleet at Armstrong. These aircraft – alongside platforms such as the high-altitude ER-2s and NASA’s newest X-plane, the X-59 – reflect a wide range of capabilities. The maintenance staff is responsible for keeping each one mission ready.
NASA pilot Nils Larson, left, walks next to crew chief Walt Kondracki, right, by an F-15 aircraft Tuesday, Jan. 13, 2026, at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California. In the background, NASA mechanic Tim Logan secures the cockpit inside of the F-15, and flight test engineer A.J. Jaffe stands to the right.
NASA/Christopher LC Clark
“That’s the beauty of our Armstrong maintenance teams. They adapt to any type of change,” said Jose “Manny” Rodriguez, NASA Armstrong Gulfstream G-IV crew chief. “One day you could have an instrument being loaded, and the next day it may be aircraft reconfiguration, all while other aircraft systems may need fixing. They adapt and they overcome any situation.”
Each aircraft supports a specific mission, whether it’s conducting science research, serving as a support or chase aircraft, or assisting NASA rocket launches. The aircraft fly at different speeds, carry specialized hardware, and require maintenance crews to stay agile with fast-paced changes.
To ensure NASA can make aeronautics and science advancements safely, the crews work continuously, checking on the ejection seats, filling the tanks with fuel, and changing out brakes, wheels, wiring, and hardware constantly, all of which can degrade with each flight.
From left, NASA avionics technician Jesse Orellana; quality assurance employee Jose Prieto; mechanic Francisco Rodriguez; and mechanic Vincent Moreno work on an ER-2 aircraft Monday, Jan. 26, 2026, at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California.
NASA/Christopher LC Clark
On any given day, an aircraft may be flight-ready for a mission, undergoing scheduled maintenance or modifications, or down for longer-term care.
There are typically multiple NASA Armstrong aircraft in the air in one day. Currently, the center’s C-20A is flying in Peru and Panama, the X-59 is often flying twice per day with a chase plane, and the center’s ER-2 is flying in Colorado, supporting the Geological Earth Mapping Experiment (GEMx). All this work is happening at the same time, and Armstrong’s skilled maintenance staff is prepping and fixing aircraft as needed along the way.
The team includes mechanics with both military and civilian backgrounds, and the job involves a lot of on-the-job training.
Maintenance crews are composed of:
a crew chief – the person in charge of the airplane
an avionics technician, who specializes in navigation, communication, and flight control systems
quality assurance personnel, who oversee the work being done
additional mechanics assigned to each airplane
After the maintenance crew ensures the aircraft is in the best condition possible, the team tows it out to the flightline, and it becomes ready for operations. The NASA pilot assigned to the mission will walk around the aircraft with the assigned crew chief for a final safety check before flight.
“There is a crew chief assigned to every aircraft,” Rodriguez said. “The crew chief is responsible for the integrity of that aircraft, and at the end of the day, his signature and the pilot’s together are what constitutes that the aircraft is safe for flight.”
Maintenance crews track each flight to help ensure it completes the mission without returning early. If an aircraft does return to base early, the maintenance team stands ready. When it lands, the crew is right there again, helping the research team complete the mission and fixing whatever is needed to stay nimble and ready for the next flight.
“It’s difficult at times to work with different airplanes from both the civilian and military sides, but it’s very rewarding to see that we have the capability and the expertise to keep these aircraft flying,” Rodriguez said.
Editor’s Note: This advisory was updated May 22, 2026 to include a retirement.
NASA announced Friday an agencywide realignment to increase mission focus and move out on the National Space Policy. These changes position the agency to better deliver on the nation’s highest‑priority objectives with speed and efficiency.
During the Ignition event in late March, NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman and agency leaders outlined the most pressing objectives to deliver on the next chapter of American leadership in space. President Trump’s Executive Order Ensuring American Space Superiority, otherwise known as the National Space Policy, directed NASA to focus talent and resources on objectives including accelerating the Artemis program, establishing a Moon Base, developing a nuclear space reactor, igniting the orbital economy, and expanding missions of science and discovery.
To support the agency’s ambitious short- and long-term goals, NASA is taking action to increase specialization at centers and integrate mission directorates, elevating delivery of technically excellent work. Some of these actions include:
Center directors will continue reporting to Associate Administrator Amit Kshatriya, empowered to foster the unique capabilities of each center, and strengthen investments in infrastructure and the health of their workforce.
Mission directorates will now report directly to the administrator, ensuring focus on the mission and enabling them to leverage resources across centers, industry, and international partnerships with greater speed and efficiency.
The associate administrator also now serves as NASA chief engineer, reinforcing the agency’s technical backbone and ensuring continuity and autonomy in critical engineering decisions.
The agency continues to focus on rebuilding core competencies, insourcing contractors to civil servants where appropriate, strengthening the intern pipeline, and leveraging the agency’s joint recruitment initiative with the U.S. Office of Personnel Management, NASA Force, to build a strong, sustainable workforce for generations to come.
“This initiative reflects NASA’s extreme focus on executing the mission in direct support of the National Space Policy. We are focusing resources on the most pressing objectives only NASA is capable of undertaking and liberating the workforce from unnecessary bureaucracy and obstacles that impede progress. We aim to rebuild competencies and instill a culture that attracts the best and brightest capable of pursuing the most demanding engineering challenges and moving safely and urgently,” said Isaacman. “There will be no reduction in force, no program cancellations, no closures, but we will achieve cost savings through more efficient execution and taking an active role in delivering the outcomes the world has been waiting for from NASA. This is how we deliver on the mission, meet the moment, and continue to make history on behalf of the American people.”
Mission directorate realignment is as follows:
Human Spaceflight Mission Directorate (HSMD): With human spaceflight operational to both low Earth orbit and the Moon, the Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate and Space Operations Mission Directorate will unify as HSMD.
Research and Technology Mission Directorate (RTMD): NASA will integrate the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate and Space Technology Mission Directorate into the new RTMD. As a combined research, space technology, and aeronautics organization charged with nuclear power and propulsion development, RTMD will ensure NASA has the capabilities needed for the mission of today and the future.
Science Mission Directorate (SMD): Remains unchanged and continues to provide the foundation for NASA’s world‑leading scientific discovery.
Additional leadership roles, in alphabetical order, include:
John Bailey, associate administrator, Mission Support Directorate
Kevin Coggins, director, SCaN (Space Communications and Navigation), RTMD
Wesley Deadrick, director, Katherine Johnson IV&V Facility
Jamie Dunn, director, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Carlos García-Galán, program manager, Moon Base, HSMD
This NASA Hubble Space Telescope images reveals the lenticular galaxy, NGC 1266. This enigmatic post-starburst galaxy has a bright center and a face that hints at spiral structure, yet it holds no discernable spiral arms.
NASA’s Psyche spacecraft completed its close approach of Mars on May 15, capturing images as it came within 2,864 miles (4,609 kilometers) of the planet’s surface. This is an enhanced-color view of the large double-ring crater Huygens and the surrounding heavily cratered southern highlands.
Team WINGMAN from South Dakota State University, comprised of (from left to right) Todd Letcher (advisor), Matthew Wieberdink, Owen Diede, Christian Lee, and Anders Olsen, took home first place at the 2026 Gateways to Blue Skies Forum held at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. Steven Holz, NASA sponsor and GBS Chair and judge, presented the award.
Credit: NASA/Mark Knopp
A South Dakota State University team took first place at NASA’s fifth annual Gateways to Blue Skies Competition, which challenged student teams to address a critical element of U.S. aviation: aircraft maintenance.
This year’s competition, RepAir: Advancing Aircraft Maintenance, asked teams of postsecondary students to develop innovative systems and practices that could advance commercial aircraft maintenance and repair operations by 2035. The competition, sponsored by NASA’s University Innovation project within the agency’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, supported the agency’s objectives of fostering innovative research and strengthening the future aviation workforce.
“This year’s finalists proposed novel ideas to equip companies and their workers with innovative technologies to help keep our nation’s planes airworthy. This is especially critical in a time where flight safety is more commonly in the spotlight and where workforce shortages lead to challenges and opportunities in aviation,” said Steven Holz, associate project manager for NASA’s University Innovation Project and judging panel chair for Gateways to Blue Skies. “Our panel of industry and subject matter experts were excited about the possibilities these concepts could bring, as well as shared insights needed for these teams to push forward for real-world implementation.”
The winning project, WINGMAN, proposed augmented reality safety glasses equipped with voice-controlled manuals, automatic documentation, and photo recognition that could assist aircraft mechanics during routine daily servicing and minor repairs. The glasses would function as the mechanic’s “wingman,” enabling hands-free access to the information and reporting mechanisms required for line inspections.
The WINGMAN team presented their research along with seven finalists at the 2026 Gateways to Blue Skies Forum held May 18 and 19 at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. The forum was judged by subject matter experts from NASA, the Federal Aviation Administration, and industry, including representatives from Southwest Airlines and American Airlines. Students at the forum had the opportunity to network with NASA and industry experts, tour the center, and gain insight into potential careers. The event was livestreamed, and the presentations were recorded.
The winning team members will have the opportunity to intern at one of NASA’s four aeronautics research centers during the 2026-27 academic year, including NASA Langley, NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley, and NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California.
“It was super exciting to participate in Gateways to Blue Skies, especially with the really interesting concepts this year,” said Owen Diede, WINGMAN team lead. “We couldn’t have done it without the feedback and support from our faculty advisor, Dr. Todd Letcher, as well as our design review committee, Dr. Ruyi Lian and Dr. Cody Christensen. This was a fantastic opportunity to learn and grow, and we are incredibly thankful for the experience.”
Other recognitions included:
Best Infographic: University of California, Irvine Air Shield: Aircraft Structural Health Intelligence for Evaluation and Lifecycle Detection
Future Game-Changer: University of Georgia Quasar: Quantum Sensing Aerial Reporting
Safety Spotlight: South Dakota State University SPIDER (Surveying Platform and Inspection Device for Enclosed Regions)
The commercial aviation industry is a crucial component of the U.S. economy, yet it faces significant challenges due to a shortage of qualified maintenance workers and increasing demands to keep aircraft running for longer. NASA is dedicated to working with commercial, academic, and government partners to advance the capabilities and performance of U.S. aviation.
The Gateways to Blue Skies Challenge is part of the Transformative Aeronautics Concepts Program in NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate. The NASA Tournament Lab, part of the Prizes, Challenges, and Crowdsourcing Program in the Space Technology Mission Directorate, manages the challenge through the National Institute of Aerospace on behalf of NASA.
For more information about NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, visit:
The Moon and Venus, center, are seen in conjunction above the Washington Monument, Monday, May 18, 2026, as viewed from the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters Building in Washington.
This latest Picture of the Month from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope features Messier 77 (M77), a barred spiral galaxy famous and appreciated among astronomers for its combination of relative proximity and spectacular features to study. It is located 45 million light-years away in the constellation Cetus (The Whale).
NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover used its Mast Camera, or Mastcam, to capture this view of a rock nicknamed “Atacama” on May 6, 2026, the 4,877th Martian day, or sol, of the mission. The rock had gotten stuck to the drill on the end of Curiosity’s robotic arm on April 25.
You're allowed to play with your food when you're on the International Space Station! To celebrate a delivery of fresh food, NASA astronauts Jack Hathaway (bottom left), Jessica Meir (middle left), and Chris Williams (bottom right), and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Sophie Adenot (top right) pose for a group photo.
“Rise,” the Artemis II zero gravity indicator, is seen sitting on the dais as the Artemis II astronauts speak with congressional staff, Tuesday, May 12, 2026, in Washington.
NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover recently took a self-portrait against a sweeping backdrop of ancient Martian terrain at a location the science team calls “Lac de Charmes.”
NASA astronaut Jessica Meir poses with an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuit during an official portrait session at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston.
This celestial image captured from a window on a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft docked to the International Space Station highlights the Milky Way rising above Earth's atmospheric glow.
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)
NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft flies above Palmdale and Edwards, California, during its first flight Tuesday, Oct. 28, 2025, accompanied by a NASA F/A-18 research aircraft serving as chase.
NASA/Jim Ross
NASA’s home for experimental flight is welcoming more flyers to its already high-performing fleet as it continues to support science and aeronautics test missions – continuing the legacy of pioneers like Neil Armstrong.
NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, added multiple aircraft this year: two F-15s supersonic jets, a Pilatus PC-12 utility plane, and a T-34 turboprop trainer, which the center will use to support the agency’s advancement of aerospace research.
“Armstrong has a rich history of flight research, but it’s the multidimensional skills of the people we have here, and the knowledge they’ve built to handle very unique aircraft maintenance and modifications, that stands out,” said Darren Cole, capabilities manager for the Flight Demonstrations and Capabilities project at NASA Armstrong.
Armstrong has a rich history of flight research, but it’s the multidimensional skills of the people we have here … that stands out.
Darren Cole
Capabilities Manager at NASA Armstrong
The center plays a pivotal role in worldwide airborne science missions, flying scientists and equipment from NASA, other government agencies, industry, and academia to collect measurements such as air pollution levels, glacier melt trends, and wildland fire mapping.
Scientists can manage experiments in real time aboard flying laboratories like the NASA ER-2, to collect important data with the help of Armstrong’s pilots and airborne science team.
“We all come together to make the science happen,” said Matt Berry, airborne research platforms branch chief at NASA Armstrong. “It is the agility of the Armstrong team that allows us to collaborate with scientists, get their equipment onboard, and to fly them to areas where they need to collect data.”
The center sits on Rogers Dry Lake, a 44-square-mile slat flat area used for aviation research and test operations. Rogers and the adjacent Rosamond Dry Lake have seen everything from space shuttle landings to emergency test flight recoveries. The Rogers lakebed continues to serve as an important piece of Armstrong’s test missions.
For NASA Armstrong, it all started with the first attempt by a human to fly faster than the speed of sound in the Bell X-1. In 1946, 13 employees from NASA’s predecessor agency, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), arrived at what was then known as Muroc Army Airfield to prepare for the X-1 tests. A year later, NACA’s Muroc Flight Test Unit was established as a permanent facility at the airfield.
The center has gone by several names over the years, most recently changing from NASA’s Dryden Flight Research Center to NASA Armstrong in 2014. But its legacy has never shifted: The Bell X-1E, the last of the X-1 series of aircraft, now sits in front of NASA Armstrong, welcoming the newest test pilots, engineers, scientists, explorers, and dreamers. And they’re using the aircraft of today to break new barriers.
“I don’t think there is another place in the world with a more diverse fleet of aircraft. We have everything from a low-altitude powered glider to ER-2s, which are flying at high altitudes, and a multitude of aircraft in between,” Cole said.
From sourcing rare components to machining custom parts in-house, NASA Armstrong’s teams transform these aircraft into research workhorses. The center continues its crucial role in leading aeronautics testing, Earth science research, and supporting government and industry partners.
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)
Students from Cornell University are shown working with an air transportation management tool in which a real drone flying over a remote field thinks its operating with imaginary drones flying in a simulated urban environment. Their work is the result of a NASA grant that is part of the agency’s University Student Research Challenge.
Cornell University / Mehrnaz Sabet
A team of Cornell University students are turning heads within industry and the federal government with the results of their research into creating a national air transportation management system in which thousands of drones could safely operate together.
NASA is sponsoring their work through the University Student Research Challenge (USRC), which provides grants to college students interested in helping the agency realize its aeronautical research goals.
“Looking at new traffic management systems for drones is not new,” said Mehrnaz Sabet, a doctoral student in the field of information science who serves as principal investigator on the grant and leads the Cornell team. “In fact, NASA has led that effort for years.”
Now, through USRC, NASA is giving Sabet and her team the chance to offer up innovative approaches to drone safety by managing their movements in the air, taking advantage of their young minds and fresh ideas.
The ultimate benefit of Cornell’s research in this area is the full realization of advanced air mobility, an area of industry focus that includes everything from urban flying taxis, more robust disaster response aircraft, and hot fresh pizza delivered right to your door.
The work also underscores the value NASA places on maturing cutting-edge technologies and helping to develop its future workforce through initiatives like USRC.
“Sabet and her team have demonstrated versatile skills involving software, algorithms, hardware, sensors development, laboratory tests, simulations, and actual flight tests – a rare combination,” said Parimal Koperdekar, acting director of NASA’s Airspace Operations and Safety Program.
Flying drones like we drive
Currently, drone operators must file plans that fully describes the intended flight path of the drone with a traffic management service. Those plans are checked with others to ensure there will be no collisions – what Sabet calls strategic deconfliction.
The challenge is that today’s air traffic management system is limited in its ability to handle the growing number of aircraft taking to the sky. Adding thousands of drones to the mix during the coming years risks over burdening the system, Sabet said.
What is needed in the air is essentially what we have on the ground – where millions of people drive on a road every day, she said.
As a driver you might know your whole “trajectory,” or the path you’d follow to reach your destination. But you would never coordinate your plan with every other driver on the road before you leave. Instead, traffic laws and infrastructure such as stop lights and traffic signs allow you to deconflict with other cars as you go.
Drone operators will still have to file flight plans saying where they intend to go, but the idea is to incorporate that car-like flexibility into drone operating systems, allowing them to be adaptable during their journeys.
“We need to ensure all these different types of drones can tactically deconflict with each other so that it is safe for them to operate like cars do on the ground. And that missing piece – tactical deconfliction – is at the center of our project,” Sabet said.
Mehrnaz Sabet, a doctoral candidate in the field of information science at Cornell University, leads a student team testing technologies used in a drone traffic management system under a grant from NASA’s University Student Research Challenge, She is seen during a drone traffic simulation exercise taking place in a rural field.
Cornell University
Two worlds joined
The key to the Cornell team’s research is the notion of integrating a simulated world with the real one to test and demonstrate how drones can learn to adapt to potentially hazardous conditions and make necessary corrections in their flight path on their own.
Knowing they could not go out and fly 100 drones at the same time to test their ideas for tactical deconfliction, the students decided to create an entirely virtual urban world to evaluate different high-volume traffic models, separation algorithms, and related data.
“Our first year of the project went into adapting and scaling that simulation engine and it all went very well,” Sabet said. “But we didn’t want to stick to a simulation. We wanted to see how the simulation translated to the real world, which mattered more.”
Still hampered by the limitations of how many drones they could operate and where they could fly – not many and basically in the middle of nowhere – they sought the best of both worlds, real and imagined.
“What we wound up doing was to embed the simulation into a real drone, so the drone thought it was flying in a dense urban environment although it was actually flying out in an open field where there wasn’t a real city in sight,” Sabet said.
before
after
A drone designed and built by Cornell University students hovers over an open field during a test of air traffic management system technologies in which the drone “thinks” its flying within an urban environment. The goal is to prove a system in which drones can safely react to unforeseen events and avoid each other in the sky without human intervention.
Cornell University
Several drones appear in a Cornell University computer graphic simulation of an urban environment in which an air traffic management system is tested to show how the drones can safely alter course on their own to avoid colliding.
Cornell University
A drone designed and built by Cornell University students hovers over an open field during a test of air traffic management system technologies in which the drone “thinks” its flying within an urban environment. The goal is to prove a system in which drones can safely react to unforeseen events and avoid each other in the sky without human intervention.
Cornell University
Several drones appear in a Cornell University computer graphic simulation of an urban environment in which an air traffic management system is tested to show how the drones can safely alter course on their own to avoid colliding.
Cornell University
before
after
drone flight test
Combing real and simulated worlds
The image at left (BEFORE) shows a Cornell University student-designed and built drone flying in the open above an isolated, rural field. The image at right (AFTER) shows the simulated urban environment the real drone “thinks” its flying in as it calculates all the imaginary drones’ flight paths (the blue and yellow lines) to find the best trajectory to safely avoid a collision. This combining of real and simulated worlds allows the drone to safely test its traffic avoidance technologies.
Real world lessons
This allowed the team to try out different traffic management tools and evaluate how drones might coordinate course corrections and avoid collisions with each other.
During the past year, they’ve taken the idea further by flying two real drones in the real world, each running the real-time simulation on board, allowing them to coordinate and “see” both simulated traffic and each other within the integrated test environment.
“We would then intentionally put them on a direct collision course to stress-test the detect and avoid and coordination models and see how well they react and coordinate the drone’s maneuvers to avoid hitting each other,” Sabet said.
“What’s impressive is that Cornell’s study included over 10,000 runs involving more than one million trajectories, and over 200,000 hours of experimentation to understand how multi-agent decentralized coordination would safely take place,” Kopardekar said.
Industry and the Federal Aviation Administration have also responded positively to this research and its potential. The team was asked to use its infrastructure and technology to virtually recreate an incident in 2025 in which a pair of drones collided with a stationary crane in Arizona. The team also showed how the accident could have been prevented.
The team was also asked to simulate recent, real-world fires in California to showcase how drones could better coordinate their movements both to provide situational awareness for public safety officials on the ground and to stay clear of fire-suppressing air tankers.
And according to the Cornell team, the FAA is interested in applying the project’s mix of virtual and real-world testing to evaluate drone operations under increasing levels of operational complexity.
“This kind of mixed-reality type of operational complexity enables them to test drone operations in a way that was not possible before,” Sabet said.
Thanks to NASA’s support through USRC, the Cornell team will continue to expand their capabilities and manage increasingly complex advanced air mobility operations.
“Our goal is to build the foundational systems that enable safe, large-scale autonomy in the skies,” Sabet said.
Jim Banke is a veteran aviation and aerospace communicator with more than 40 years of experience as a writer, producer, consultant, and project manager based at Cape Canaveral, Florida. He is part of NASA Aeronautics' Strategic Communications Team and is Managing Editor for the Aeronautics topic on nasa.gov. In 2007 he was recognized with a Distinguished Public Service Medal, NASA's highest honor for a non-government employee.
A newly discovered object may be a key to unlocking the true nature of a mysterious class of sources that astronomers have found in the early universe in recent years.
America’s first human spaceflight begins as the Mercury-Redstone 3 (MR-3) space vehicle, with astronaut Alan B. Shepard Jr. aboard, launches from Cape Canaveral, Florida on May 5, 1961.
This NASA Hubble Space Telescope image features the glittering spiral galaxy NGC 3137, located 53 million light-years away in the constellation Antlia (the Air Pump).
Nasdaq Chair and Chief Executive Officer Adena T. Friedman, left, and NASA’s Artemis II crew ring the closing bell of the Nasdaq market session, Thursday, April 30, 2026.
NASA’s SLS (Space Launch System) core stage for the Artemis III mission moves into the Vehicle Assembly Building at the agency's Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Tuesday, April 28, 2026.
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)
A scale model of Boeing’s Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research concept undergoes testing in a 5-meter wind tunnel operated by the company QinetiQ in December 2025.
QinetiQ
NASA and Boeing have completed wind tunnel testing to study an innovative advanced aircraft design intended to improve aerodynamic efficiency.
A truss-braced wing configuration, involving a long, thin wing with aerodynamically shaped structural supports, has the potential to reduce fuel and operational costs for future airliners, which is why NASA has collaborated with Boeing to advance the design.
But this kind of wing would be much more than a simple tweak to existing designs – for an aircraft the size of a passenger jet, it would be a revolutionary redesign, requiring extensive study from NASA and Boeing.
The most recent round of testing used a complex wind tunnel model to collect data on how air flows around a truss-braced wing model and the forces that would be exerted on such a wing in flight.
The test used a semispan model – essentially half an aircraft mounted on a wind tunnel floor. The model has features built in to simulate the mechanisms that increase the amount of lift a wing produces. By adjusting the model’s slats, flaps, and other moving control surfaces, the team can configure it to the low speed, high-lift settings of takeoff and landing conditions.
The model is part of a collaboration to test what’s known as Boeing’s Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research (SUGAR) concept.
In December, teams completed testing of the model wind tunnel operated by the company QinetiQ in Farnborough, England. This large wind tunnel uses pressurized conditions to predict airplane behavior in takeoff and landing conditions.
The large size of the tunnel gives the model fidelity to better predict the behavior of a plane in flight. This capability allowed the team to confidently assess aerodynamic performance.
NASA and Boeing research teams analyzed data in real time to ensure the model performed as expected. Researchers are still reviewing the full results, but the test has already added valuable information to a growing body of research aimed at reducing fuel use in future aircraft designs.
The testing was just the latest stop for this research. NASA and Boeing have tested the concept at multiple NASA facilities to collect data as they work to build a comprehensive understanding of this advanced airframe concept.
This collaboration serves as an example of how NASA serves as an incubator for breakthrough technology with profound commercial applications. The transonic truss-braced wing concept originated from NASA aeronautics-supported research and NASA and Boeing engineers have worked together, test-by-test, to move this wing design from an idea to a practical reality.
The work began in NASA’s Advanced Air Vehicles Program and continues as part of the Subsonic Flight Demonstrator project under the Integrated Aviation Systems Program in the agency’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate.
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)
NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic airplane sits parked in front of its new hangar home at the agency’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in California. The facility originally was constructed in 1968 and for nearly 60 years has hosted a number of research aircraft and programs.
NASA/Christopher LC Clark
There’s no sign reading “home sweet home” in the hangar where the X‑59 now sits, but the sentiment is unmistakable among those tending to the quiet supersonic aircraft.
Located at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, the X-59 hangar was built in 1968 but looks like new thanks to a full renovation and modernization. While the X-59 was being assembled in Palmdale, California, workers at NASA Armstrong gutted the hangar, adding new electrical wiring, a fire suppression system, office space, air conditioning, and other safety features.
“The whole team is incredibly proud of what we’ve accomplished in preparing this new home for the X-59,” said Bryan Watters, the NASA project manager at Armstrong who led the renovation effort. “The fact we could take a 1960s hangar and modernize it for use by a 2020’s X-plane is very special.”
The X-59 is the centerpiece of NASA’s Quesst mission to enable a new era of commercial supersonic air travel over land by reducing the sound of typically loud sonic booms to a much quieter sonic thump.
From the beginning of the program, knowing the X-59 would eventually need a new residence at NASA Armstrong, Quesst managers were on the hunt for somewhere to house the quiet supersonic demonstrator.
Like anyone looking for the ideal place to call home, the team made sure there would be enough space for the airplane and all its support equipment. But with the experimental jet measuring at just under 100 feet long and 30 feet wide, there were few options.
“We had to find a hangar that was long enough so that part of the X-59 wouldn’t hang outside, exposed to the elements,” Watters said.
Building 4826, as the hangar is officially designated, turned out to be the choice spot. “It was basically stripped down and gutted so that essentially it was just structural steel with siding. From that state it was rebuilt,” Watters said.
The feature they are perhaps most proud of is the hangar’s new floor. Covering more than 32,000 square feet, it is coated with epoxy that prevents any spills from seeping into the concrete.
From the hangar’s office windows, the view of the hangar floor can include the F-15 research jets that will be used as chase planes to support X-59 flights in the coming months. The renovation faced challenges along the way, chief among them being supply chain issues stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. But there were some incredible, unforgettable moments too.
Circa 1990
Nov. 2025
On loan to NASA from the Air Force, an F-15 Eagle fighter jet was the focus of the Short Takeoff and Landing/Maneuver Technology Demonstrator research program, which concluded in 1991. The aircraft is seen here inside Building 4826, a hangar at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center that was renovated and began use in 2025 as home for the X-59 quiet supersonic technology demonstrator.
NASA
NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic technology demonstrator aircraft is seen parked inside its new hangar home at the agency’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in California.
NASA/Christopher LC Clark
On loan to NASA from the Air Force, an F-15 Eagle fighter jet was the focus of the Short Takeoff and Landing/Maneuver Technology Demonstrator research program, which concluded in 1991. The aircraft is seen here inside Building 4826, a hangar at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center that was renovated and began use in 2025 as home for the X-59 quiet supersonic technology demonstrator.
NASA
NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic technology demonstrator aircraft is seen parked inside its new hangar home at the agency’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in California.
NASA/Christopher LC Clark
Circa 1990
Nov. 2025
past and present
Hangar Updated to Continue Hosting Historic Research
This NASA hangar at Armstrong Flight Research Center originally was constructed in 1968 and since then has hosted a number of history-making programs. Compare the two images above to see how the hangar looked during the late 1980s when it hosted an F-15 research aircraft (left), and beginning in 2025 after it had been renovated and modernized to host the X-59 quite supersonic technology demonstrator aircraft.
Moved in
With X-59 now flying regularly and comfortably settled into its new digs, the Quesst team is gauging its performance on the way to quiet supersonic flight.
“This is truly a great time for Quesst and the X-59,” said Cathy Bahm, NASA’s project manager for the Low Boom Flight Demonstrator. “It’s also still a little surreal to be able to just walk down from your office and see the airplane in our hangar.”
For more than a year, the hangar refurbishment team worked through every detail of the X-59’s new home to make sure it would be safe and sound. But actually seeing the aircraft occupy that space is an adjustment for them, too.
“We’ve looked at X-59 models on our desk for years and then, you know, there’s the real thing right in front of us, in a hangar that we renovated,” Watters said.
A real thing in the hangar – and streaking across the California desert sky. The X-59’s transition from an idea into a working aircraft is a testament to the teams that help build out every aspect of its infrastructure.
NASA’s X-59 is supported under the agency’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate.
About the Author
Jim Banke
Managing Editor/Senior Writer
Jim Banke is a veteran aviation and aerospace communicator with more than 40 years of experience as a writer, producer, consultant, and project manager based at Cape Canaveral, Florida. He is part of NASA Aeronautics' Strategic Communications Team and is Managing Editor for the Aeronautics topic on nasa.gov. In 2007 he was recognized with a Distinguished Public Service Medal, NASA's highest honor for a non-government employee.
In this episode of The Quiet Crew, you’ll meet civil engineer Bryan Watters and learn about his role on the Quesst mission. Bryan has been supporting the mis...
Expedition 74 flight engineers Chris Williams of NASA and Sophie Adenot of the European Space Agency work together in the Kibo laboratory module’s Life Science Glovebox.
NASA celebrates Hubble’s 36th anniversary with a new image of the Trifid Nebula, a star-forming region it first captured in 1997. The telescope leveraged almost its full operational lifetime to show us changes in the nebula on human time scales with an improved camera.
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)
For 10 years, a NASA initiative has helped the agency produce breakthrough aeronautical innovations while fostering the aviation workforce of tomorrow – and the University Leadership Initiative (ULI) is still flying high, making awards with the potential to change 21st century air travel.
Through ULI, NASA has supported more than 1,100 students at 100 schools, allowing them to pursue advancements in top priority areas for U.S. aviation, including high-speed flight, advanced air mobility, future airspace management and safety, and electrified propulsion.
Many of those students have used their ULI experience as a springboard to careers in aviation. And many of their ideas — such as designing more efficient wings or building supersonic aircraft that can change shape in flight — are either being investigated further by industry or the technologies adopted outright.
As it celebrates a decade of success, NASA’s ULI team is looking forward to leveraging student innovations with new awards in 2026 and beyond.
“Through ULI we’re building the workforce of the future and fostering the skill sets we so desperately need to compete globally,” said John Cavolowsky, director of NASA’s Transformative Aeronautics Concepts Program at NASA Headquarters in Washington.
Through ULI we're building the workforce of the future and fostering the skill set we so desperately need to compete globally.
john cavolowsky
Director, Transformative Aeronautics Concepts Program
What makes ULI unique from other NASA research projects, and especially appealing to universities, is that it provides the opportunity for university students and faculty to propose what research to conduct.
Usually, NASA determines the research it needs and then does the work itself or through partnerships and contracts. But with ULI, the agency shares its goals and universities consider how they can best help realize them.
“There are no better ways in my mind to help develop that talent within the students than to engage them in identifying big problems and then give them the resources they need to use their creativity to solve them,” Cavolowsky said.
ULI history
NASA’s relationship with academia and reliance on its research proficiency is written into NASA’s DNA going back to the days of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, from which NASA was formed in 1958.
“For more than a century we have leaned on the brilliance and the capabilities of universities to help us think,” Cavolowsky said. “With ULI we can ensure they continue to bring their fresh ideas and young energy to the work we do at NASA Aeronautics.”
ULI evolved from an earlier project called Leading Edge Aeronautics Research for NASA (LEARN). NASA selected five LEARN teams in 2015 to pursue truly outside of the box ideas that showed promise but needed additional study.
One of those teams, for example, sought to take a cue from migrating flocks of birds by asking if airliners could save fuel by cruising in a giant ‘V’ formation. The numbers were intriguing and simple flight tests proved the concept, although the idea never made it to practice.
One of the earliest selected ULI teams was led by James Coder, who at the time was an aerospace engineering professor at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville. His team worked on technology that would smooth the airflow around a wing to make it more efficient.
Technically known as slotted natural laminar flow (SNLF) wings, Coder has called the idea a potential game changer for commercial airliners. The more efficient wing would mean less drag on an airplane, which in turn could help airlines save money on fuel.
Coder credits ULI for not only helping to prove the technology’s effectiveness – with the aid of wind tunnel testing at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California – but for providing students with an experience they couldn’t get elsewhere.
Three University of Tennessee/Knoxville students and co-investigator Dan Somers (in red jacket) prepare a slotted laminar flow wing section for testing in a wind tunnel at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California.
University of Tennessee/Knoxville
“After 10 years industry remains interested in the SNLF technology and I am optimistic for good reason about its future,” Coder said. “And project alumni have gone on to do many wonderful things and leverage what they did and learned through the ULI.”
With ULI experience prominent on their resumes, several of the students on Coder’s team wound up with jobs in industry – such as Boeing and Lockheed Martin – and government labs. One is currently a NASA Pathways intern working on his PhD.
Now at Pennsylvania State University, Coder remains a strong advocate for ULI.
“It goes above and beyond simple workforce development,” he said. “We recognized early on the value-add of ULI is the students themselves. While we could have just trained students en masse, we wanted to put them in the front seat of technical leadership on the project. I think this was a very successful strategy that benefited the project and the students as they embarked on their careers.”
Mighty morphing
Forrest Carpenter is another example of a student whose ULI support led to work after graduation – in this case at NASA.
“Working on the ULI project was an incredible experience, one I will always be thankful for and will remember fondly,” Carpenter said. “I think the project challenged me to be something more than ‘just an engineer;’ really helping my professional development and giving me a clearer focus on my passion.”
As a student at Texas A&M, he was part of a team selected by NASA in 2017 to research a novel idea in which a supersonic aircraft could alter its shape to fly more efficiently based on the atmospheric conditions in real time. Dimitris Lagoudas, now the university’s interim department head for aerospace engineering, led the team.
Members of a University Leadership Initiative round one team led by Texas A&M University participate in a status update meeting with NASA prior to their final review in 2022.
Texas A&M University / Jonathan Weaver-Rosen
A laser shooting out ahead of the aircraft would take measurements of the oncoming air and then the aircraft’s computer would command patches of shape memory alloys and other mechanisms to morph the aircraft’s outer shape.
One possible application of the technology could be in contributing to the reduction of the loudness of a sonic boom, expanding on the science behind NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic technology demonstrator that seeks to reduce the sonic boom to a sonic thump.
“My main research role on the team was performing Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations of the various geometries we were looking at, including a pre-production version of X-59,” Carpenter said.
His work on the idea continues. A follow-on NASA project, GoSWIFT, will flight test the core technologies Carpenter and his ULI team worked on at Texas A&M. Only this time, Carpenter is the co-lead for the tests, which are targeted to take place at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in California in the near future.
Carpenter’s enthusiasm for his work and gratitude for how ULI led to his career with NASA resonates with many other ULI alumni.
“The number of students impacted, and how they were impacted, by a long-term project like ULI is huge,” Carpenter said. “NASA’s involvement in this kind of activity can only strengthen the research done in this country and to help inspire and develop the next generation of our workforce.”
Jim Banke is a veteran aviation and aerospace communicator with more than 40 years of experience as a writer, producer, consultant, and project manager based at Cape Canaveral, Florida. He is part of NASA Aeronautics' Strategic Communications Team and is Managing Editor for the Aeronautics topic on nasa.gov. In 2007 he was recognized with a Distinguished Public Service Medal, NASA's highest honor for a non-government employee.
Scientists have found that young stellar cousins of our Sun are calming down and dimming more quickly in their X-ray output than previously thought, according to a study using NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory.
This image, released in celebration of Earth Day, shows the terminator – the line between night and day – on Earth. The Artemis II astronauts captured this view on April 2, 2026, during their journey to the Moon.
Strappare ai tumori il loro mantello dell’invisibilità e costringerli a mostrarsi al sistema immunitario. È questa la direzione indicata da una ricerca internazionale pubblicata sulle pagine della rivista specializzata Cancer Discovery, firmata da gruppi di IFOM, Università di Torino e...
Curiosity ha individuato su Marte una nuova e ampia varietà di molecole organiche mai rilevate nei test condotti nel corso degli anni. Il risultato è stato ottenuto grazie a un esperimento di wet chemistry che, finora, non era mai stato eseguito fuori dalla Terra. In un campione roccioso raccolto...
This image that NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope captured of the Crab Nebula, paired with its past observations and those of other telescopes, allows astronomers to study how the supernova remnant is expanding and evolving over time.
Un gruppo di ricercatori cinesi ha trasformato il legno di balsa in un materiale capace di assorbire energia solare, immagazzinarla sotto forma di calore e restituirla dopo il tramonto, fino a generare elettricità attraverso un dispositivo termoelettrico. Lo studio, pubblicato su Advanced Energy...
An observation made by NASA’s SPHEREx mission reveals vast frozen complexes in the Cygnus X star-forming region of the Milky Way galaxy. The chemical signature of water ice is shown as bright blue structures, while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are in orange.
A poco più di 10 anni luce dalla Terra, un team internazionale di astrofisici ha individuato una Super Terra che entra tra i candidati più interessanti nella ricerca di vita oltre il Sistema Solare. Il pianeta, chiamato GJ887d, ha una massa almeno sei volte superiore a quella terrestre e orbita...
Trasferire la città di Venezia per difenderla dall’innalzamento del livello del mare. È questa l’idea messa sul tavolo da un team internazionale di ricercatori guidato da Piero Lionello dell’Università del Salento e da Robert Nicholls dell’University of East Anglia, per far fronte a uno...
A portion of the Moon’s far side is seen along the terminator—the boundary between lunar day and night—where low-angle sunlight casts long shadows across the surface.
NASA’s Artemis II crew shared brief remarks with friends, family, and colleagues after they landed at Ellington Airport near NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston on Saturday, April 11, 2026, after a nearly 10-day journey around the Moon and back to Earth.
NASA astronaut Christina Koch, Artemis II mission specialist hugs the Orion spacecraft in the well deck of USS John P. Murtha, Saturday, April 11, 2026.
Nel 2011 lo speleologo russo Arthur Zemukov individua nel Caucaso un pozzo profondo oltre quaranta metri con pareti lisce e geometrie regolari, una struttura che i rilievi descrivono come incompatibile con una formazione naturale. La scoperta arriva dopo anni di ricerche tra archivi locali, mappe...
Nelle Alpi Apuane, dentro una comune cava di marmo di Carrara, è stato rinvenuto un campione di un minerale mai vista prima. I ricercatori dell’Università di Pisa, dopo approfondite analisi, hanno confermato si tratta di qualcosa di nuovo. Il minerale è stato battezzato dai ricercatori, e poi...
NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, commander; left, Christina Koch, mission specialist; CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, mission specialist; and NASA astronaut Victor Glover, Artemis II pilot, right, pose for a group photo after viewing the Orion spacecraft in the well deck of USS John P. Murtha, Saturday, April 11, 2026, in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California. The quartet splashed down Friday, April 10 at 5:07 p.m. PDT (8:07p.m. EDT).
NASA’s Orion spacecraft with Artemis II crewmembers NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, commander; Victor Glover, pilot; Christina Koch, mission specialist; and CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, mission specialist aboard is seen under parachutes as it lands in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California, Friday, April 10, 2026. NASA’s Artemis II mission took Wiseman, Glover, Koch, and Hansen on a 10-day journey around the Moon and back to Earth. Following a splashdown at 8:07 p.m. EDT, NASA, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Air Force teams are working to bring the crewmembers and Orion spacecraft aboard USS John P. Murtha.
Nel campione OREX-800066-3 dell’asteroide Bennu, un frammento di materiale grande poche centinaia di micrometri e con una massa dell’ordine dei milligrammi, sono presenti nello stesso volume molecole organiche, minerali formati dall’acqua e composti contenenti azoto, cioè tre ambienti...
Il tempo scandisce ogni gesto della nostra vita. Eppure la fisica contemporanea suggerisce qualcosa per molti versi inaspettato: questa dimensione potrebbe essere una costruzione, più che una componente fondamentale dell’Universo. Nei modelli classici il tempo appare come una variabile che...
The Moon, seen here backlit by the Sun during a solar eclipse on April 6, 2026, is photographed by one of the cameras on the Orion spacecraft’s solar array wings. Orion is visible in the foreground on the left.
A quasi 58 anni da Earthrise, lo scatto simbolo dell’era Apollo, l’umanità ha già la sua nuova immagine manifesto dello spazio profondo. Si chiama Earthset ed è il fotogramma che rischia di restare scolpito nella memoria collettiva: la Terra che tramonta dietro l’orizzonte lunare, ripresa...
NASA astronaut and Artemis II Commander Reid Wiseman peers out of one of the Orion spacecraft's main cabin windows on April 4, 2026, looking back at Earth, as the crew travels towards the Moon.
NASA astronaut Christina Koch is illuminated by a screen inside the darkened Orion spacecraft on the third day of the agency's Artemis II mission. To the right of the image's center, CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen is seen in profile peering out of one of Orion's windows. Lights are turned off to avoid glare on the windows.
This nighttime picture of Earth was taken on April 2, 2026, by an Artemis II crew member aiming a camera through a window of the Orion spacecraft. The image was captured after Orion completed its translunar injection burn, the critical maneuver that sent the spacecraft on its path toward the Moon and back.
NASA’s Space Launch System rocket carrying the Orion spacecraft with NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, commander; Victor Glover, pilot; Christina Koch, mission specialist; and CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, mission specialist onboard launches on the Artemis II mission, Wednesday, April 1, 2026, from Launch Complex 39B at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
L'ultima volta era il dicembre del 1972. Eugene Cernan, Harrison Schmitt e Ronald Evans erano a bordo dell'Apollo 17, l'ultima missione lunare della storia. Da allora, per oltre cinquant'anni, nessun essere umano si era più avventurato oltre l'orbita bassa terrestre. Martedì sera, alle 18.35 ora...
Nella notte tra l’1 e il 2 aprile tutti con il naso all'insù. Nel cielo stellato si potrà ammirare la Luna Rosa, il primo plenilunio dopo l’equinozio di primavera. Nei secoli è stata definita in vari modi: la luna “dell’erba che cresce”, perché è la prima luna piena dopo...
Un astronauta italiano camminerà sulla Luna: lo prevede l'accordo firmato a Washington dal ministro delle Imprese e del Made in Italy Adolfo Urso, con delega allo spazio, e dall'amministratore capo della Nasa Jared Isaacman. Lo scrive in un post su X il presidente dell'Agenzia Spaziale...
From left to right, NASA astronauts Andre Douglas, Victor Glover, and Christina Koch, CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronauts Jenni Gibbons, NASA astronaut Reid Wiseman, and CSA astronaut Jeremy Hansen pose for a photo before the Artemis II crew proceed to a media event on March 27, 2026.
The Orion Crew Survival System suits that Commander Reid Wiseman, Pilot Victor Glover, and Mission Specialist Christina Koch from NASA, and Mission Specialist Jeremy Hansen from the CSA (Canadian Space Agency) will wear on the Artemis II test flight are seen in the suit-up room of the Neil A. Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building, Saturday, Jan. 17, 2026, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
NASA’s IXPE observed the outer rim of the supernova remnant highlighted in purple in the inset. Data from IXPE is combined with data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESA’s XMM-Newton.
Captured Nov. 29, 2024 by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, this infrared view of Saturn shows its glowing icy rings and layered atmosphere. Several moons are visible, including Janus, Dione, and Enceladus.
Moon rocks are seen during a March 24, 2026, event where NASA is outlining how the agency is executing the National Space Policy and accelerating preparations for America’s return to the surface of the Moon by 2028.
Sotto il fondale dell’Atlantico nord-occidentale si nasconde una vastissima riserva d’acqua dolce (o comunque poco salata). La Expedition 501 ha perforato il margine continentale a sud del Massachusetts e ha intercettato direttamente un sistema di “freshened water” intrappolato nei...
La primavera entra in scena con puntualità astronomica e un piccolo colpo di teatro celeste. Il 20 marzo 2026 alle 15:46 (ora italiana) cade l’equinozio, la soglia invisibile che chiude l’inverno e accende la stagione della luce. Ma quest’anno il sipario si alza con un bis serale: una danza...
L’idea che la vita possa nascere e prosperare lontano da qualsiasi stella sembra uscita da un romanzo di fantascienza. Eppure un nuovo studio internazionale suggerisce uno scenario sorprendente: lune simili alla Terra che orbitano attorno a pianeti vaganti potrebbero mantenere oceani di acqua...
Un nuovo strumento di osservazione sviluppato alla Stanford University sembra esser in grado di rivoluzionare il modo in cui gli scienziati studiano la vita a livello cellulare. Il dispositivo, chiamato Interferometric Image Scanning Microscopy (iISM), consente di osservare le cellule vive con...
E’ arrivato il giorno dell’eclissi totale di luna, primo grande evento astronomico del 2026. Sopranominata di sangue per il tipico colore rosso scuro del nostro satellite, avverrà quando Sole, Terra e disco lunare, saranno perfettamente allineati e il satellite entrerà nel cono d'ombra...
Importante scoperta in Transilvania, Romania, dove in una grotta di ghiaccio di Scarisoara, è stato rinvenuto un superbatterio preistorico. Anche se è rimasto sepolto in ghiacci risalenti a 5mila anni fa, il microrganismo è risultato resistente a 10 antibiotici moderni tra quelli più...
Ogni giorno milioni di litri di urina scorrono nei sistemi fognari del pianeta. Fin da piccoli siamo stati abituati a a considerarli un rifiuto, un qualcosa da eliminare in fretta. Eppure dentro quel flusso c’è una marea di energia chimica che il recente lavoro di un team di scienziati ha detto...
After years of anticipation and hard work by NASA’s OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification and Security – Regolith Explorer) team, a capsule of rocks and dust collected from asteroid Bennu finally is on Earth. It landed at 8:52 a.m. MDT (10:52 a.m. EDT) on Sunday, in a targeted area of the Department of Defense’s Uta
NASA will host a media teleconference at 4 p.m. EDT on Tuesday, Sept. 26, to discuss the upcoming annular solar eclipse. The annular eclipse will cross the U.S. from Oregon to Texas on Saturday, Oct. 14, with a partial solar eclipse visible throughout the contiguous U.S.
The public is invited to a watch party at NASA’s Goddard Visitor Center, Greenbelt, Maryland to celebrate the first U.S. mission, OSIRIS-REx, to collect a sample from an asteroid and deliver it to Earth on Sept. 24, 2023.
The first asteroid sample collected in space and brought to Earth by the United States will be unveiled at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston on Wednesday, Oct. 11, and media accreditation is now open.
A team led by NASA in Utah’s West Desert is in the final stages of preparing for the arrival of the first U.S. asteroid sample – slated to land on Earth in September.
Ya está abierto el proceso de acreditación de los medios de comunicación para el próximo lanzamiento de la nave espacial Psyche de la NASA en su misión a un asteroide único y rico en metales que orbita alrededor del Sol, entre Marte y Júpiter.
Media accreditation is now open for the upcoming launch of NASA’s Psyche spacecraft, for a mission to a unique metal-rich asteroid orbiting the Sun between Mars and Jupiter.
Media are invited to Utah’s western desert on Wednesday, Aug. 30, to learn about NASA preparations and readiness to receive America’s first asteroid sample collected in space.
NASA is commemorating the first year of science and discoveries from the agency’s James Webb Space Telescope, the largest, most powerful, and most complex space telescope ever built. To celebrate the anniversary, multiple events will take place online and live across the U.S.
Ahead of the first asteroid sample collected by the U.S. arriving on Earth in September, media are invited on Monday, July 24, to see NASA’s newly-built OSIRIS-REx Sample Curation Laboratory where the agency will study the sample at its Johnson Space Center in Houston.
Accedi
