Democrats demanded an immediate briefing and even Republicans conceded they had no information on an agreement the administration has declined to release.
Senator John Thune of South Dakota, the majority leader, said that he had not yet seen the deal but said he expected the administration to convene with lawmakers as the process continues.
A rift in Montana between the Democratic nominee and an independent candidate could boost Republican hopes of holding on to an open seat in conservative territory.
Three candidates are vying for a Senate seat in Montana: Alani Bankhead, a Democrat, Seth Bodnar, an independent, and Kurt Alme, a Republican. Democrats fear Ms. Bankhead and Mr. Bodnar will split the vote of Democrats and independents.