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Ricevuto — 13 Agosto 2026 Stampa Internazionale

Kennedy Centre board votes to put Trump’s name on the building – again

The Kennedy Centre board voted on Thursday to add US President Donald Trump’s name to the facade of the performing arts venue and move forward with a two-year closure, according to congresswoman Joyce Beatty, a trustee through her position in Congress, and her lawyers. A representative for the Kennedy Centre did not immediately respond to a request for comment. The moves set up a test of US District Judge Christopher Cooper, who ruled in May that letters affixed to the building and spelling out...

11 injured, as UK train derails and carriages flip

A passenger train derailed on Thursday in southern England, seriously injuring two people and causing minor injuries for nine others after three carriages overturned, the British Transport Police said. The Southern Rail train from Victoria station in London to Eastbourne was carrying about 150 people when it went off the tracks outside the tourist town of Lewes. Passenger Rob Bradley said the train began rocking as it picked up speed and the carriage he was riding in with his six-year-old...

Professor’s alleged role in China programmes leads to ban from US funding

13 Agosto 2026 ore 20:24
A professor managed US funding of computer science research for more than two years while failing to disclose that he was simultaneously involved in Chinese government programmes, according to previously unreported documents. The professor, Tao Li, was a programme officer at the National Science Foundation from 2015 to 2017, a job that included overseeing the awarding of grants for research in areas such as hardware, software and algorithms. During that time, Li took part in two Chinese talent...

La Russia potrebbe puntare la Polonia per sfidare la Nato

23 Luglio 2026 ore 14:13

Mosca intensifica la pressione su Varsavia attraverso disinformazione, sabotaggi e attacchi ibridi. Le minacce del Cremlino alimentano i timori di un’escalation. Da dove potrebbe colpire via terra la Federazione. L'Aquila Bianca può diventare il principale banco di prova della credibilità dell'Alleanza.

La Somalia come mosaico bizantino

21 Luglio 2026 ore 14:39
La rubrica "Le mappe parlanti" di Laura Canali per scoprire tutti i dettagli delle cartine. Questa puntata è dedicata alla Somalia, mosaico di poteri diviso tra governo federale, al-Shabaab, Somaliland, Puntland e Stato Islamico. Dalle strade di Mogadiscio al porto di Berbera, il Corno d’Africa torna al centro della contesa tra rotte, porti e potenze esterne.

Google lancia le "Fonti preferite": ecco come scegliere Limes

9 Giugno 2026 ore 10:16

Google introduce in Italia le "Fonti preferite". Aggiungi Limes alle testate che segui per trovare più facilmente analisi, mappe e approfondimenti geopolitici nei tuoi risultati di ricerca. Scopri anche come seguire Limes su Google Discover per ricevere i nostri contenuti consigliati nel tuo feed.

Train Derails Near Town of Lewes in East Sussex, U.K.

13 Agosto 2026 ore 23:22
Emergency services said they were working at the scene of a derailment near Lewes, in East Sussex, on Thursday. Eighteen other people were less badly hurt.

© Carlos Jasso/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

Some cars of a passenger train flipped onto their sides on Thursday in southern England near Lewes. The accident’s cause had not yet been determined.

Poland says it arrested Russian hired to kill Ukrainian-American citizen

13 Agosto 2026 ore 16:25
Poland has ⁠arrested a ⁠Russian man who was ⁠hired by Moscow to kill a Ukrainian-American citizen in Warsaw, Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk said on Thursday. The Russian was detained on August ‌7 and had been recruited to kill a man who was “inconvenient to the Putin regime”, Tusk told journalists. The Russian embassy in Warsaw did not immediately respond to an emailed request for comment. Moscow has regularly ⁠dismissed accusations by European powers of attacks, saying the West ‌is stoking...

How a Long-Shot U.S. Oil Drilling Project Is Shaking Up Greenland

A U.S. oil company says it could be on the verge of a major discovery in Greenland. The proposal comes at a tricky time for the Arctic island, and locals are lining up against it.

© Esther Horvath for The New York Times

Ittoqqortoormiit, a settlement in eastern Greenland. The remote area has been targeted by a U.S.-British joint venture for potential oil exploration.

Chinese missile AI tracks F-22, F-35-like heat signatures with over 90% accuracy

13 Agosto 2026 ore 16:00
The F-35 and F-22 may be among the world’s most advanced stealth fighters, but they cannot hide one thing: heat. When heat-seeking missiles lock onto aircraft, fighters release flares to confuse infrared sensors and break missile tracking. But the infrared signals produced by fighters, including heat from engine exhaust and air friction over the fuselage, are different from those generated by flares. These heat signatures could provide valuable infrared information for target detection and...

1 dead, 6 wounded in Rotterdam port explosion

13 Agosto 2026 ore 15:57
A blast at a ⁠storage facility for petroleum products at the Netherlands’ Rotterdam port killed one person and wounded six others on Thursday, officials said, as police investigated the cause of the explosion. A spokesperson for major energy commodities trading company Gunvor said an “incident” occurred during maintenance work on a storage tank. A police spokesperson said that there was no immediate ⁠sign of sabotage and that all possible scenarios were under ‌investigation. Rotterdam is...

Satellite images show 50% boost to China’s Type 054B missile capacity

China appears to be adding capacity to the vertical launch system (VLS) of its most advanced guided-missile frigate Type 054B under construction in Shanghai, satellite images show, allowing it to have a larger missile reserve and stronger anti-air defence capabilities. According to satellite images taken by US intelligence company Vantor on June 28, the VLS at the bow of a Type 054B vessel had a different shape compared to the first two Type 054B vessels that have already entered service. The...

Hundreds of Flights Canceled in Sicily as Mount Etna Erupts

13 Agosto 2026 ore 18:25
Etna erupts often, but it usually doesn’t release this much ash, an expert said. Tens of thousands of travelers’ plans have been disrupted in the past week.

© Danilo Arnone/Reuters

Volcanic ash and lava during an eruption of Mount Etna in Sicily on Wednesday.

‘An English Summer Is Not the Same Anymore’

14 Agosto 2026 ore 11:51
With forecasters issuing a warning for very high temperatures, this summer is on track to be one of the hottest yet.

© Kirsty Wigglesworth/Associated Press

Another heat wave gripped London on Thursday.

Malaysia’s Anwar looks back on relationship ‘well beyond affairs of state’ with Zhu Rongji

Tributes have been flooding in for former Chinese premier Zhu Rongji, the reformist statesman who played a leading role in integrating China’s economy into the global system and charmed neighbouring countries with his candid diplomacy. In a deeply personal tribute posted on social media, Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim described Zhu, who died on Wednesday at the age of 97, as “a good friend”. The pair worked together to strengthen economic ties between the two countries, building a...

Malaysia’s Anwar looks back on relationship ‘well beyond affairs of state’ with Zhu Rongji

Tributes have been flooding in for former Chinese premier Zhu Rongji, the reformist statesman who played a leading role in integrating China’s economy into the global system and charmed neighbouring countries with his candid diplomacy. In a deeply personal tribute posted on social media, Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim described Zhu, who died on Wednesday at the age of 97, as “a good friend”. The pair worked together to strengthen economic ties between the two countries, building a...

Suspicious object on rail tracks in Germany did not contain explosives: police

13 Agosto 2026 ore 13:11
German police said on Thursday that a suspicious object found on rail tracks in a Bavarian ‌town did not contain explosives, as initially feared. Earlier on Thursday, buildings near the object were evacuated in the town of Treuchtlingen for the item to ⁠be moved safely by a robot. Experts had earlier taken ‌X-ray images of the object that was found in the southern ‌part of the town. The public ⁠had ⁠been urged to steer clear of the area, which ‌was cordoned off, police also said on social...

US accuses Chinese exporters of masterminding ‘Great Transshipment Scam’

The Trump administration on Thursday released a sharply worded report accusing Chinese exporters of orchestrating a system of “illegal transshipment” through more than 40 third countries to dodge US tariffs, branding the practice “The Great Transshipment Scam”. The 25-page document claims Chinese firms have systematically diverted goods through lower-tariff jurisdictions since the US kicked off its trade war with China in 2018. It alleges that exporters use limited assembly, relabelling,...

US accuses Chinese exporters of masterminding ‘Great Transshipment Scam’

The Trump administration on Thursday released a sharply worded report accusing Chinese exporters of orchestrating a system of “illegal transshipment” through more than 40 third countries to dodge US tariffs, branding the practice “The Great Transshipment Scam”. The 25-page document claims Chinese firms have systematically diverted goods through lower-tariff jurisdictions since the US kicked off its trade war with China in 2018. It alleges that exporters use limited assembly, relabelling,...

Tre scenari americani per Cuba

13 Agosto 2026 ore 10:18

Gli Stati Uniti puntano a schiacciare l’isola, ormai quasi Stato fallito. Washington cerca una transizione alla venezuelana, ma controspionaggio locale, carenza di leader disposti a scendere a patti e difficoltà di catturare Raúl Castro complicano la situazione. Dalla continuità castrista all'intervento militare, tre possibili esiti per il futuro. 

Trieste, città a sovranità sospesa

12 Agosto 2026 ore 15:33

Lo status del capoluogo giuliano è un problema storico irrisolto. I documenti riservati della diplomazia americana e il ruolo cruciale dell’occupazione militare britannica. Come le grandi potenze possono sfruttare un regime giuridico ibrido risalente alla guerra fredda. Il disordine mondiale e il disimpegno americano aprono scenari inediti.

Saudi-Turkey-Pakistan Mecca pact ‘far from’ Nato-style defence alliance

The security pact signed on Friday by three of the world’s most powerful Muslim nations with a vow to enhance collective deterrence remains far from what many are calling an Islamic Nato, according to experts. The Mecca Joint Defence Agreement between Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf’s top oil exporter, Nato member Turkey and Pakistan, a nuclear-armed South Asian state, would be challenged by diverging strategic interests and weak mutual defence capacity, they said. The Mecca pact’s statement that...

Saudi-Turkey-Pakistan Mecca pact ‘far from’ Nato-style defence alliance

13 Agosto 2026 ore 12:22
The security pact signed on Friday by three of the world’s most powerful Muslim nations with a vow to enhance collective deterrence remains far from what many are calling an Islamic Nato, according to experts. The Mecca Joint Defence Agreement between Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf’s top oil exporter, Nato member Turkey and Pakistan, a nuclear-armed South Asian state, would be challenged by diverging strategic interests and weak mutual defence capacity, they said. The Mecca pact’s statement that...

The 11 key achievements of China’s ‘iron premier’ Zhu Rongji – in his own words

Known for his sharp intellect, no-nonsense demeanour and relentless drive for reform, China’s former premier Zhu Rongji was the primary architect of the country’s transition from an isolated, rigidly planned economy to a market-driven titan connected to the rest of the world. During his tenure from 1998 to 2003, he engineered an economic “soft landing”, steered the nation through the Asian Financial Crisis and secured entry into the WTO, laying the groundwork for the country’s historic...

The 11 key achievements of China’s ‘iron premier’ Zhu Rongji – in his own words

Known for his sharp intellect, no-nonsense demeanour and relentless drive for reform, China’s former premier Zhu Rongji was the primary architect of the country’s transition from an isolated, rigidly planned economy to a market-driven titan connected to the rest of the world. During his tenure from 1998 to 2003, he engineered an economic “soft landing”, steered the nation through the Asian Financial Crisis and secured entry into the WTO, laying the groundwork for the country’s historic...

Zhu Rongji reforms fuel China’s economic transformation

Former Chinese premier Zhu Rongji, the driver of the nation’s economic reforms, died on Wednesday aged 97 following an illness. Zhu spearheaded China’s 2001 accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), paving the way for an export boom that fuelled the country’s transformation into the world’s second-biggest economy. He also oversaw domestic market reforms that included closing hundreds of loss-making state enterprises and laying off some 30 million workers. The former Shanghai mayor was...

Zhu Rongji reforms fuel China’s economic transformation

Former Chinese premier Zhu Rongji, the driver of the nation’s economic reforms, died on Wednesday aged 97 following an illness. Zhu spearheaded China’s 2001 accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), paving the way for an export boom that fuelled the country’s transformation into the world’s second-biggest economy. He also oversaw domestic market reforms that included closing hundreds of loss-making state enterprises and laying off some 30 million workers. The former Shanghai mayor was...

China’s travellers raise alarm over error-filled tourist signs in public spaces

A highway operator in Gansu province, northwestern China, apologised on Wednesday after a service area sign for the hot water room, mistranslated in English as “open water rooms”, was shared on social media. Similar translation errors, as well as spelling mistakes, on signage at public facilities have repeatedly drawn attention, including an incident in late March, when a passenger at an airport in the southwestern city of Guiyang discovered multiple misspellings. The mistranslation of the...

China’s travellers raise alarm over error-filled tourist signs in public spaces

A highway operator in Gansu province, northwestern China, apologised on Wednesday after a service area sign for the hot water room, mistranslated in English as “open water rooms”, was shared on social media. Similar translation errors, as well as spelling mistakes, on signage at public facilities have repeatedly drawn attention, including an incident in late March, when a passenger at an airport in the southwestern city of Guiyang discovered multiple misspellings. The mistranslation of the...

What to Know About the U.K. Special Election: Farage vs. Binface

14 Agosto 2026 ore 20:16
Nigel Farage, the right-wing populist leader, won a by-election for his parliamentary seat in Clacton, which he initiated after coming under pressure over his financial declarations.

© Joe Giddens/Press Association, via Associated Press

Nigel Farage, leader of Reform U.K., at a rally for the party in Wymondham, England, last month.

Coming next summer: the ‘eclipse of the century.’

13 Agosto 2026 ore 08:19
The sky will go dark for six minutes or more over landmarks like the Rock of Gibraltar, the casbah of Tangier and the temples of Luxor, Egypt.

© Amir Hamja/The New York Times

Watching the solar eclipse at Washington Square Park in New York in 2024.

Chinese ‘yeast factory’ boosts cancer drug production by 1,000 times

A research team at Zhejiang University (ZJU) has cracked a molecular puzzle, turning ordinary yeast into a powerful factory for an expensive cancer drug and boosting its production by a thousand times. The anticancer drug vinblastine has long been sourced exclusively from the Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) plant. But it takes up to 2 tonnes of dried leaves to yield just 1 gram (0.03 ounce) of vinblastine, making it more expensive than gold by weight. This extreme scarcity has kept...

US-China rivalry takes flight over scramble for contracts at Ethiopia’s Bishoftu airport

Ethiopia’s new US$12.5 billion mega-airport project has thrust the nation into the heart of a geopolitical tug of war between the United States and China. Ethiopian Airlines, Africa’s largest carrier, is developing the massive Bishoftu International Airport, located 40km (25 miles) southeast of the capital Addis Ababa to serve as a primary hub for African trade and travel. The project has triggered intense competition between would-be contractors from around the world, but Chinese state-owned...

US-China rivalry takes flight over scramble for contracts at Ethiopia’s Bishoftu airport

Ethiopia’s new US$12.5 billion mega-airport project has thrust the nation into the heart of a geopolitical tug of war between the United States and China. Ethiopian Airlines, Africa’s largest carrier, is developing the massive Bishoftu International Airport, located 40km (25 miles) southeast of the capital Addis Ababa to serve as a primary hub for African trade and travel. The project has triggered intense competition between would-be contractors from around the world, but Chinese state-owned...

Russian Blockade of Major Ukrainian Ports Threatens Global Grain Supplies

13 Agosto 2026 ore 12:22
The deadly strikes are part of a long-running maritime battle with Ukraine and echo battles over other key shipping routes around the world.

© Reuters

A vessel struck off the coast of Odesa, Ukraine, last month. The Russian campaign has halted nearly all shipping in and out of the port.

What to Know About Thursday’s Special Election in Clacton: Farage vs. Binface

13 Agosto 2026 ore 06:01
Nigel Farage, the right-wing populist leader, forced a by-election in his parliamentary seat of Clacton after he came under pressure over his financial declarations.

© Joe Giddens/Press Association, via Associated Press

Nigel Farage, leader of Reform U.K., at a rally for the party in Wymondham, England, last month.

‘An English Summer Is Not the Same Anymore’

13 Agosto 2026 ore 06:00
With forecasters issuing a warning for very high temperatures, this summer is on track to be one of the hottest yet.

© Toby Melville/Reuters

Sunrise in London on an amber warning day last week. More extreme heat is forecast.

Nirupama Rao and Lin Minwang on India-China fault lines

Welcome to Open Dialogue, a series from the South China Morning Post where we bring together leading voices to discuss the stories and subjects occupying international headlines. In this edition, we invited a leading Chinese scholar of South Asian affairs and a former Indian foreign secretary and ambassador to China to reflect on the deep fault lines in India-China relations. They debate whether the biggest barrier is history or politics, clash over the border, Pakistan and India’s ties with the...

Nirupama Rao and Lin Minwang on India-China fault lines

Welcome to Open Dialogue, a series from the South China Morning Post where we bring together leading voices to discuss the stories and subjects occupying international headlines. In this edition, we invited a leading Chinese scholar of South Asian affairs and a former Indian foreign secretary and ambassador to China to reflect on the deep fault lines in India-China relations. They debate whether the biggest barrier is history or politics, clash over the border, Pakistan and India’s ties with the...

Nearly 200-country study shows China’s Belt and Road Initiative cuts debt and corruption

13 Agosto 2026 ore 04:00
A study analysing data from hundreds of countries and regions suggests China’s Belt and Road Initiative is linked to better governance and economic development, according to researchers from Nanjing University. They found the trade and investment scheme – which spans Africa, Asia, Europe and beyond – was also associated with improved corruption control and that it reduced debt risks. The team – from the university’s Centre for Asia-Pacific Development Studies and led by Mao Weizhun – said their...

US charges 11 over sham marriages involving Chinese nationals and American soldiers

US prosecutors have charged 11 people over an alleged decade-long network that arranged more than 1,000 sham marriages, primarily for Chinese nationals seeking green cards, including matches with at least 14 active-duty American soldiers. About 11 of the soldiers, who were stationed at a US Army base in Kentucky, were paired with Chinese citizens between May 2023 and August 2025, according to a 21-page indictment unsealed on Wednesday in federal court in New York. The indictment did not identify...

US charges 11 over sham marriages involving Chinese nationals and American soldiers

US prosecutors have charged 11 people over an alleged decade-long network that arranged more than 1,000 sham marriages, primarily for Chinese nationals seeking green cards, including matches with at least 14 active-duty American soldiers. About 11 of the soldiers, who were stationed at a US Army base in Kentucky, were paired with Chinese citizens between May 2023 and August 2025, according to a 21-page indictment unsealed on Wednesday in federal court in New York. The indictment did not identify...

Un mondo più caldo sarà un mondo più violento

13 Agosto 2026 ore 00:55
di Mac Margolis e Robert Muggah

L’idea che un clima più caldo possa renderci più violenti non è nuova. Il legame tra mercurio e omicidio è familiare della narrativa pulp e dei classici. “Con queste giornate calde il sangue pazzo ribolle”, dice Benvolio prima del duello tra Capuleti e Montecchi per le strade della soffocante Verona di Shakespeare.

Gli studiosi litigano sull’argomento dal 19°  secolo, ma l’accelerazione del cambiamento climatico promette di accendere il dibattito. Se crediamo, come disse il filosofo francese Montesquieu, che  il calore eccessivo  toglie vigore al corpo e offusca la mente, un numero crescente di sociologi, psicologi e criminologi avverte che il clima estremo è miccia per crimini violenti e comportamenti delinquenti.

L’ex governatore delle carceri scozzesi David Wilson una volta ha fatto pressioni per far installare l’aria condizionata in alcune delle prigioni più violente del paese scommettendo che le temperature più fredde portassero a raffreddare gli animi. Wilson, un criminologo, ha osservato che agosto è il mese più violento, citando studi che indicano un  aumento del 10% degli omicidi  nei morti dell’estate scozzese.

Oggi esiste una ricerca considerevole che indica che alcuni shock e stress legati al clima possono innescare crimini sia violenti che non violenti. Le prove disponibili suggeriscono che il l’aumento della temperatura e l’intensificarsi dell’inquinamento possono provocare un aumento sostanziale della criminalità, a partire dalle aree più densamente abitate e vulnerabili.

Con oltre due terzi della popolazione mondiale che si prevede vivrà nelle città entro il 2030, la connessione clima-crimine non può essere ignorata. Le emissioni di gas serra e il riscaldamento stanno già intensificando le isole di calore, contribuendo alla scarsità d’acqua, all’innalzamento del livello del mare, all’aumento dei rischi legati alle inondazioni e al peggioramento della qualità dell’aria, soprattutto nelle grandi città in rapida crescita in Asia, Africa e nelle Americhe. La posta in gioco è più alta nei quartieri e nelle famiglie più vulnerabili, già gravati da profonde disuguaglianze e svantaggi.

Fino a poco tempo, la maggior parte delle città degli Stati Uniti celebrava uno storico declino di tre decenni negli omicidi. Poi le estati hanno  iniziato a scaldarsi, così come il tasso di violenza criminale. Circa il doppio delle persone sono state uccise nelle città del nord come Chicago, Milwaukee e Detroit durante i periodi più caldi rispetto ai mesi più freddi, come riportato sul New York Times, nel 2018. (Il crimine violento è aumentato anche durante l’estate nelle città del sud, anche se in modo meno drammatico.)

La pericolosa relazione tra il riscaldamento e la criminalità non è stata solo evidente negli Stati Uniti. In uno studio globale su 57 città tra il 1995 e il 2012, Dennis Mares e Kenneth Moffett hanno associato un aumento di un grado Celsius delle temperature globali con un  aumento del 6%  della prevalenza della violenza omicida.

Parte della spiegazione è intuitiva. L’aumento delle temperature generalmente manda più persone nelle strade. Certo, non è esattamente il passaggio diretto da un’ondata di caldo a un’ondata di crimine. Le giornate molto calde, ad esempio, potrebbero avere l’effetto opposto: tenere le persone in casa o nello stupore della stanchezza di Montesquieu.

Teorie più recenti sulle relazioni tra clima e criminalità provengono dalle scienze comportamentali e dalla neurologia. Attingendo alla ricerca sperimentale, l’affermazione centrale è che anche sottili alterazioni del tempo o esposizione a sostanze inquinanti possono influenzare il giudizio e il controllo individuali. Quando le persone sono esposte a cambiamenti nel loro ambiente – diciamo, aumento del calore o esposizione a specifici inquinanti – il loro comportamento può cambiare, spesso in peggio.

Nonostante tutte le perturbazioni, tuttavia, le autorità sono state lente nel rispondere alla sfida del crimine climatico. Potremmo non avere più quel lusso. Poiché il clima estremo diventa la nuova normalità, i responsabili delle città dovrebbero mappare le zone più vulnerabili e prestare maggiore attenzione alle comunità più povere, minoritarie ed emarginate che stanno affrontando i rischi e le conseguenze più gravi.

Sanzioni più severe, possono esacerbare disuguaglianze ed insicurezze e scatenare risposte repressive con conseguenze dannose per i gruppi più poveri ed emarginati.

Ci sono molteplici vantaggi negli investimenti basati sulla natura per una vita urbana più sostenibile. La riduzione delle isole di calore, l’innalzamento dei tetti verdi, l’espansione dei parchi e della copertura arborea, mentre il ridimensionamento della pavimentazione e del cemento sono tutte iniziative che possono portare dividendi nella riduzione della criminalità abbassando le temperature e abbattendo le emissioni dei numerosi gas (CO2, NO2 e PM2,5) del cielo sporco della città.

Allo stesso modo, ridurre l’inquinamento atmosferico è particolarmente efficace in termini di costi non solo per migliorare la salute della popolazione, ma anche per prevenire la criminalità. Anche l’inasprimento delle politiche ambientali possono rendere le nostre città più pulite e più sicure.

Le città più grandi e il clima molto più caldo fanno parte di un mondo che cambia, ma anche un invito all’azione. Lavorando ora per mitigare gli effetti peggiori delle condizioni meteorologiche estreme e rimediando alle ingiustizie ambientali nelle nostre città, le amministrazioni possono aiutare non solo a evitare che una crisi climatica diventi un’emergenza, ma anche a risparmiare vite e mezzi di sussistenza.

 

GLI AUTORI

Mac Margolis è un consulente dell’Istituto Igarape e un corrispondente e scrittore di lunga data con sede a Rio de Janeiro. Robert Muggah è co-fondatore dell’Istituto Igarape e direttore del SecDev Group.

L'articolo Un mondo più caldo sarà un mondo più violento proviene da Il Blog di Beppe Grillo.

La plastica che seminiamo nei campi

13 Agosto 2026 ore 00:18

Circa un terzo del cibo prodotto nel mondo viene sprecato ogni anno.

Una montagna di alimenti che richiede acqua, energia e terreni per essere prodotta e finisce spesso sepolta nelle discariche. Negli Stati Uniti questa sorte riguarda il 40% degli sprechi alimentari, con un impatto stimato in 30 milioni di tonnellate di CO₂ equivalente all’anno. Per fare un esempio, sono più delle emissioni prodotte dall’intera Cuba nel 2024, pari a 24,4 milioni di tonnellate.

Recuperare quel cibo e trasformarlo in compost sembrerebbe la soluzione più logica. Ora, un nuovo studio dell’Università del Vermont, pubblicato su Nature Food, ha però scoperto un effetto rimasto finora ai margini delle politiche ambientali, insieme agli scarti organici recuperiamo anche la plastica delle confezioni. I ricercatori hanno confrontato diversi sistemi di gestione dei rifiuti alimentari misurandone l’impatto sul clima, sulle acque e sui terreni. Deviare gli scarti dalle discariche e destinarli al compostaggio o alla digestione anaerobica permetterebbe di ridurre l’impatto climatico tra l’89% e il 99%. Diminuirebbe anche l’eutrofizzazione, il fenomeno provocato dall’accumulo di nutrienti nei corsi d’acqua e dalla conseguente proliferazione delle alghe.

Una grande quantità di cibo viene buttata ancora confezionata, alcuni impianti utilizzano macchine chiamate “disimballatrici”, che separano gli alimenti dagli involucri, gli scarti organici vengono trasformati in compost o biogas, mentre le confezioni finiscono in discarica. La separazione, però, lascia passare piccoli frammenti. Secondo lo studio, anche con macchinari efficienti al 99%, il recupero degli scarti alimentari potrebbe aumentare di dieci volte la presenza di microplastiche nel suolo. Nei terreni agricoli statunitensi potrebbero così essere disperse fino a 20.000 tonnellate di plastica all’anno.

Ogni volta che si recuperano i rifiuti alimentari, esiste un rischio di inquinamento da microplastiche”, spiega Kate Porterfield, principale autrice dello studio. “Le persone possono sbagliare, le macchine possono sbagliare e oggi quasi tutto il nostro cibo è confezionato nella plastica”.

Finora nessuna ricerca aveva calcolato su scala nazionale l’“impronta di inquinamento da plastica” prodotta dai diversi sistemi di gestione degli scarti alimentari. Le politiche si sono concentrate soprattutto sulle emissioni evitate, lasciando in secondo piano ciò che rimane nel compost e viene successivamente sparso nei campi.

Lo stato del Vermont rappresenta uno dei casi più avanzati. Dal 2020 una legge impone alle famiglie e alle attività di separare gli scarti alimentari, che sono stati esclusi dai cassonetti destinati alla discarica. Secondo gli autori dello studio, estendere misure simili richiede che il problema della plastica venga affrontato fin dalla progettazione dei sistemi di raccolta e trattamento. La questione resta complessa, gli imballaggi possono prolungare la durata dei prodotti freschi e ridurne il deterioramento, soprattutto nelle piccole aziende agricole. “È proprio qui che nasce la tensione”, osserva Phil Holtam, cofondatore dell’impresa sociale Sussex Surplus. “Vogliamo ridurre lo spreco alimentare, ma vogliamo anche evitare l’uso superfluo della plastica”.

Una parte dello spreco nasce ancora prima del supermercato. Frutta e verdura deformi, irregolari o semplicemente lontane dall’estetica richiesta vengono escluse dagli scaffali. Lo chef e attivista Max La Manna riassume al The Guardian il meccanismo con una frase: “Stiamo permettendo che la perfezione diventi nemica del bene”.

Nelle scuole e nelle grandi istituzioni, inoltre, le regole sulla sicurezza alimentare favoriscono spesso l’impiego di prodotti confezionati singolarmente. Una precauzione comprensibile che moltiplica gli involucri e rende più difficile ottenere un compost pulito. Porterfield propone sistemi di raccolta semplici, capaci di rendere la separazione dei materiali quasi automatica. Serve anche superare il cosiddetto “riciclo per speranza”, l’abitudine di inserire nella raccolta differenziata oggetti dubbi confidando che qualche impianto riesca comunque a recuperarli.

Il compost dovrebbe restituire fertilità alla terra, se insieme alla materia organica spargiamo 20.000 tonnellate di microplastiche, abbiamo soltanto trasferito il problema dal cassonetto ai nostri campi.

L'articolo La plastica che seminiamo nei campi proviene da Il Blog di Beppe Grillo.

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