When prices spiked in 2021-22, wages failed to keep up for many workers, new research shows. Now the pattern is repeating.

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Immigrants have long eased labor shortages on farms and factories in Italy. But churches also need foreign-born priests, like the Rev. Vincent Souly of the Ivory Coast.

© Alessandro Grassani for The New York Times

Immigrants have long eased labor shortages on farms and factories in Italy. But churches also need foreign-born priests, like the Rev. Vincent Souly of the Ivory Coast.

© Alessandro Grassani for The New York Times

Immigrants have long eased labor shortages on farms and factories in Italy. But churches also need foreign-born priests, like the Rev. Vincent Souly of the Ivory Coast.

© Alessandro Grassani for The New York Times